Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Carissa carandasLinn fruits and Microstylis wallichii Lindl Tubers

Alok Sharma,G.D. Reddy,Atul Kaushik,K.Shanker,R.K. Tiwari,Alok Mukherjee,Ch.V. Rao 한국생약학회 2007 Natural Product Sciences Vol.13 No.1

ethanolic (50% v/v) extracts of Carissa carandas (fruits) (Apocynaceae) and Microstylis wallichii(tubers) (Orchidaceae) were examined for anti-inflamatory and analgesic activities in experimental animals.Carissa carandas and Microstylis wallichii (50 - 200 mg/kg) caused a dose dependent inhibition of swellingcaused by carrageenin significantly in cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). There was asignificant increase in the analgesy meter induced pain in rats. The extracts of Carissa carandas and Microstyliswallichii resulted in an inhibition of stretching episodes and percentage protection was 16.05 - 17.58%respectively in acetic acid induced writhing.KeywordsCarissa carandas, Microstylis wallichii, pain, inflamation

A compact-sized surface EMG sensor for myoelectric hand prosthesis

Alok Prakash,Shiru Sharma,Neeraj Sharma 대한의용생체공학회 2019 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.9 No.4

Myoelectric prosthesis requires a sensor that can reliably capture surface electromyography (sEMG) signal from amputeesfor its controlled operation. The main problems with the presently available EMG devices are their extremely high cost, largeresponse time, noise susceptibility, less amplitude sensitivity, and larger size. This paper proposes a compact and aff ordableEMG sensor for the prosthetic application. The sensor consists of an electrode interface, signal conditioning unit, and powersupply unit all encased in a single package. The performance of dry electrodes employed in the skin interface was comparedwith the conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes, and the results were found satisfactory. The envelope detection technique in thesensor based on the tuned RC parameters enables the generation of smooth, faster, and repeatable EMG envelope irrespectiveof signal strength and subject variability. The output performance of the developed sensor was compared with commercialEMG sensor regarding signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity, and response time. To perform this, EMG data with both deviceswere recorded for 10 subjects (3 amputees and 7 healthy subjects). The results showed 1.4 times greater SNR values and45% higher sensitivity of the developed sensor than the commercial EMG sensor. Also, the proposed sensor was 57% fasterthan the commercial sensor in producing the output response. The sEMG sensor was further tested on amputees to controlthe operation of a self-designed 3D printed prosthetic hand. With proportional control scheme, the myoelectric hand setupwas able to provide quicker and delicate grasping of objects as per the strength of the EMG signal.

Black Carbon Concentration during Spring Season at High Altitude Urban Center in Eastern Himalayan Region of India

Khushboo Sharma,Rakesh Kumar Ranjan,Sargam Lohar,Jayant Sharma,Rajeev Rajak,Aparna Gupta,Amit Prakash,Alok Kumar Pandey 한국대기환경학회 2022 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.16 No.1

This study analyzed the BC associated with PM1 and the contribution of biomass burning to the BC using a portable seven-channel Dual spot Aethalometer in and around Gangtok, the capital city of Sikkim, India, during April 2021. Additionally, CO2 and meteorological parameters (Temperature, Pressure, and Relative Humidity) was measured. The minimum concentration of BC was found in rural areas where the contribution of biomass burning to the BC is highest. The observed spatial variability of BC over Gangtok Municipal Corporation (GMC) area is minimal. Five days back-trajectory analysis was done using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to understand the regional influences of air masses at Gangtok. The air mass of the studied region is under influence of trans-regional transport from Indo-Gangetic Plains affecting the BC concentration over the studied region. The black carbon presence in the ambient air near the glacier heights in the Eastern Himalayan region may significantly cause localized warming, thereby enhancing glacier melts. The results have significant bearing for the policy-makers to take corrective steps in addressing the issue of rising BC concentration in high altitude regions. A further detailed study is needed to examine the effect of BC on radiative forcing and its large-scale effect on the East Asian summer monsoon using regional climate models.

Meiotic Competence of Caprine Oocytes During IVM on Granulosa Cell Monolayers Developed from Small and Large Follicles in Comparison to the Granulosa Cell Coculture

Sharma, G. Taru,Teotia, Alok,Majumdar, A.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.6

Evaluation of the granulosa cell (GC) monolayers developed from small (<5 mm) and large (>5 mm) follicles on the meiotic competence of caprine oocytes during in vitro maturation was done in this study in comparison to the granulosa cell coculture. Ovaries were collected from the local abattoir and follicular contents were aspirated for the monolayer culture. For IVM the oocytes were collected by puncturing the nonatretic follicles (>4 mm). Results revealed that at the same seeding rate, small follicular granulosa cell monolayer achieved confluence 24-48 h earlier than large follicular granulosa cell monolayer. GC monolayers significantly p (<0.05) improved the rate of meiotic resumption and nuclear maturation (84.76% vs 74.74%) after 27 h of culture in comparison to GC coculture. Statistically there was no significant difference in the maturation rate between the caprine oocytes matured over small or large follicular GC monolayers. It is concluded from the present study that GC monolayers support better nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of growing caprine oocytes which is evident by better maturation rate over GC monolayer as compared to the oocytes matured with GC coculture. Granulosa cells from small and large follicles can be used for IVM with more or less in the same efficiency after conditioning them with maturation media in 18-24 h before the onset of culture.

COMMON FIXED POINT POINT THEOREM FOR A PAIR OF WEAKLY COMPATIBLE MAPPINGS ON BANACH SPACES

Sharma, Sushil,Deshpande, Bhavana,Pandey, Alok The Youngnam Mathematical Society Korea 2011 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.27 No.5

In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for noncompatible, discontinuous mappings on a Banach space. Our main theorem extends, improves, generalizes some known results on Banach spaces.

Arteriovenous Fistula of the Filum Terminale Misdiagnosed and Previously Operated as Lower Lumbar Degenerative Disease

Pankaj Sharma,Alok Ranjan,Rahul Lath 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.3

Filum terminale arteriovenous fistula (FTAVF) presenting as a cause of failed back surgery syndrome is a rare entity. We report a 48-year-old male patient who presented with clinical features of a conus medullaris/cauda equina lesion. He had upper and lower motor neuron signs in both the lower limbs with autonomic dysfunction. The patient was misdiagnosed and was operated twice earlier for lumbar canal stenosis and disc prolapse. After reviewing his clinical and radiological findings a diagnosis of FTAVF was made. He underwent surgery and there was a significant improvement in his neurological functions. We discuss the case and review the literature on FTAVF’s.

Effect of NTT on Performance of AODV in a Grid Topology-Based Wireless Ad Hoc Network

Saurabh Sharma,Alok Singh,Rajneesh Kumar Srivastava 한국정보과학회 2022 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.16 No.3

Routing in wireless ad hoc networks that enable nodes, acting as routers also, to find the best path between source and destination nodes, taking into account cost, is a very challenging task. In the present work, an investigation of performance of AODV routing protocol in a grid topology based ad hoc network by varying the value of node traversal time (NTT) and taking into account absence and presence of Hello messages is reported. A set of metrics, including Average End-to-End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput, Routing Overhead, Route Error Overhead, Normalized Routing Load, Average Hop Count, and Total Number of Received Data Packets, has been used to assess the performance of AODV in the grid network. Performance of AODV routing protocol varies in the value of NTT. Throughput in grid topology, by and large, is observed to decrease with an increase in NTT. However, explicit relations between certain metrics with NTT as well as simulation time could not be traced due to intricacies involved in the combination of states of various links and flows in the grid topology. To have better insights, grid topologies of two, three, and four rows are planned to be investigated in the future.

Common fixed point point theorem for a pair of weakly compatible mappings on Banach spaces

Sushil Sharma,Bhavana Deshpande,Alok Pandey 영남수학회 2011 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.27 No.5

In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for noncompatible, discontinuous mappings on a Banach space. Our main theorem extends, improves, generalizes some known results on Banach spaces.

Improved graphitization and electrical conductivity of suspended carbon nanofibers derived from carbon nanotube/polyacrylonitrile composites by directed electrospinning

Maitra, Tanmoy,Sharma, Swati,Srivastava, Alok,Cho, Yoon-Kyoung,Madou, Marc,Sharma, Ashutosh Elsevier 2012 Carbon Vol.50 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Single suspended carbon nanofibers on carbon micro-structures were fabricated by directed electrospinning and subsequent pyrolysis at 900°C of carbon nanotube/polyacrylonitrile (CNT/PAN) composite material. The electrical conductivity of the nanofibers was measured at different weight fractions of CNTs. It was found that the conductivity increased almost two orders of magnitude upon adding 0.5wt.% CNTs. The correlation between the extent of graphitization and electrical properties of the composite nanofiber was examined by various structural characterization techniques, and the presence of graphitic regions in pyrolyzed CNT/PAN nanofibers was observed that were not present in pure PAN-derived carbon. The influence of fabrication technique on the ordering of carbon sheets in electrospun nanofibers was examined and a templating effect by CNTs that leads to enhanced graphitization is suggested.</P>

Early Infant Feeding Practices May Influence the Onset of Symptomatic Celiac Disease

Vajpayee, Shailja,Sharma, Shiv Dayal,Gupta, Rajkumar,Goyal, Alok,Sharma, Aakash The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2016 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.19 No.4

Purpose: To study whether breastfeeding and breastfeeding status during gluten introduction influences the age at diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). In addition to study, whether the timing of gluten introduction influences the age at diagnosis of CD. Methods: It was a hospital based observational study. Total 198 patients diagnosed with CD as per modified European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (2012) criteria, aged between 6 months to 6 years were included. Detail history taken with special emphasis on breastfeeding and age of gluten introduction. Standard statistical methods used to analyze the data. Results: $Mean{\pm}standard$ deviation age of onset and diagnosis of CD in breastfed cases was $2.81{\pm}1.42$ years and $3.68{\pm}1.55$ years respectively as compared to $1.84{\pm}1.36$ years and $2.70{\pm}1.65$ years respectively in not breastfed cases (p<0.05). Those who had continued breastfeeding during gluten introduction and of longer duration had significantly delayed onset of disease. The age at onset of CD was under one year in 40.42% of the cases, who had started gluten before 6 months of age compared to only 12.58% of those who had started gluten later (p<0.001). The proposed statistical model showed that two variables, i.e., breast feeding status during gluten introduction and age at gluten introduction positively influencing the age at diagnosis of CD. Conclusion: Delayed gluten introduction to infant's diet along with continuing breastfeeding, delays symptomatic CD. However, it is not clear from our study that these infant feeding practices provide permanent protection against the disease or merely delays the symptoms.