http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Sana Aslam,Matloob Ahmad,Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman,Catherine Montero,Mervi Detorio,Masood Parvez,Raymond F. Schinazi 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.11
A novel series of N0-(1-(aryl)ethylidene)-2-(5,5-dioxido-3-phenylbenzo[e]pyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]thiazin-4(1H)-yl)acetohydrazides was synthesized. The synthesiswas carried out by thermal method as well as ultrasonicbath to reduce reaction time and to enhance product yields. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopictechniques like NMR, infrared and EIMS. Thestructure of compound 5w was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The titled compounds were evaluated for antihumanimmunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) andcytotoxic activities. Biological studies indicated thatamongst these compounds, 5a, b, j, h and i showed theactivity with median effective concentration (EC50) valuesless than 20 lM. Compound 5i exhibited the most potentanti-HIV-1 activity (EC50 = 3.2 lM) while 5h showedanti-HIV-1 activity (EC50 = 3.8 lM) with no toxicity at allin primary human lymphocytes, CEM and VERO cells.
Masroor, Imrana,Zeeshan, Sana,Afzal, Shaista,Sufian, Saira Naz,Ali, Madeeha,Khan, Shaista,Ahmad, Khabir Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18
Background: To determine the outcome and cost saving by placing ultrasound guided surgical clips for tumor localization in patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from January to December 2014. A sample of 25 women fulfilling our selection criteria was taken. All patients came to our department for ultrasound guided core biopsy of suspicious breast lesions and clip placement in the index lesion prior to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. All the selected patients had biopsy proven breast cancer. Results: The mean age was $45{\pm}11.6years$. There were no complications seen after clip placement in terms of clip migration or hemorrhage. The cost of commercially available markers was approximately PKR 9,000 (US$ 90) and that of the surgical clip was PKR 900 (US$ 9). The cost of surgical clips in 25 patients was PKR 22,500 (US$ 225), when compared to the commercially available markers which may have incurred a cost of PKR 225,000 (US$ 2,250). The total cost saving for 25 patients was PKR 202,500 (US$ 2, 025), making it PKR 8100 (US$ 81) per patient. Conclusions: The results of our study show that ultrasound guided surgical clip placement in index lesions prior to neo-adjuvant therapy is a safe and cost effective method to identify tumor bed and response to treatment for further management.
Design of T-shaped tube hydroforming using finite element and artificial neural network modeling
Fethi Abbassi,Furqan Ahmad,Sana Gulzar,Touhami Belhadj,Ali Karrech,Heung-Soap Choi 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.3
Tube hydroforming (THF) is a frequently used manufacturing method in the industry, especially on automotive and aircraft industries. Compared with other manufacturing processes, THF provides parts with better quality and lower production costs. This paper proposes a design approach to estimate the T-shaped THF parameters, such as counter force, axial feed, and internal pressure, through finite element (FE) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. A numerical database is built through Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array of experiments to train the ANN. The micromechanical damage model of Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman is used with an elastoplastic approach to describe the material behavior. This study aims to find the combinations of THF parameters that maximize the bulge ratio and minimize the thinning ratio and wrinkling. The numerical results obtained by the FE model show good correlation with the results predicted by the ANN.
Draz, Umar,Ali, Tariq,Zafar, Nazir Ahmad,Alwadie, Abdullah Saeed,Irfan, Muhammad,Yasin, Sana,Ali, Amjad,Khattak, Muazzam A. Khan Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2021 ETRI Journal Vol.43 No.3
In the task of data routing in Internet of Things enabled volatile underwater environments, providing better transmission and maximizing network communication performance are always challenging. Many network issues such as void holes and network isolation occur because of long routing distances between nodes. Void holes usually occur around the sink because nodes die early due to the high energy consumed to forward packets sent and received from other nodes. These void holes are a major challenge for I-UWSANs and cause high end-to-end delay, data packet loss, and energy consumption. They also affect the data delivery ratio. Hence, this paper presents an energy efficient watchman based flooding algorithm to address void holes. First, the proposed technique is formally verified by the Z-Eves toolbox to ensure its validity and correctness. Second, simulation is used to evaluate the energy consumption, packet loss, packet delivery ratio, and throughput of the network. The results are compared with well-known algorithms like energy-aware scalable reliable and void-hole mitigation routing and angle based flooding. The extensive results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the benchmark techniques.
Current Status of Marine Pollution and Mitigation Strategies in Arid Region: A Detailed Review
Prerana Chitrakar,Mahad Said Baawain,Ahmad Sana,Abdullah Al-Mamun 한국해양과학기술원 2019 Ocean science journal Vol.54 No.3
Coastal pollution is becoming a significant threat for both marine ecosystems and humans. Marine pollution and coastal degradation are severely exacerbated by anthropogenic activities involving the discharge of industrial and domestic effluents, ballast water and brine wastes, accidental spillage of oil and radioactive wastes, and the modification of coastal structures. Understanding the sources of marine pollution and their possible impacts allows us to measure the current mitigation and conservation strategies aimed at protecting marine ecosystems from further deterioration. This review assessed the status of marine pollution based on the literature with a focus on the sea in arid regions over the last four decades. The review also summarized the degree of contamination of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons that accumulated in marine water, sediments and living organisms. In addition, the review critically suggested several mitigation strategies to alleviate the impacts of such pollutions. The key findings indicated that the oil and gas production and processing industries, desalination industries, sea traffic, urban development, and discharge of treated wastewater and ballast water along with seasonal upwelling, and climate change were the main contributors of marine pollution in these regions including the Sea of Oman. The major identified pollutants were heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, organochlorine, tar, harmful algal blooms, marine debris, non-native species, and sediment that are posing severe threats to marine biodiversity and ecosystems. The occurrence of radionuclides in these regions seems to be smaller compared to the World Ocean because of the insignificant disposal of nuclear waste due to strict law enforcement and monitoring. However, marine litter, micro-plastic, radionuclides, greenhouse gases, and non-point pollutant sources have not been investigated properly. Therefore, efforts to identify the possible sources of pollution, estimate their impacts based on field data and numerical modeling, and understand ocean dynamics with regard to the transportation and deposition of sediments and pollutants need to be undertaken in order to protect the coastal and marine environment and ecosystems. Furthermore, integration of robotic aircraft along with satellite surveillance can be an additional measure deployed for the purposes of monitoring oil spillage, illegal ballast water discharge, harmful algal blooms, and beach utilization.
Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Emirati Residents in Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Jayadevan Sreedharan,Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil,Shatha al Sharbatti,Sana Hassoun,Rawda Safadi,Iehab Abderahman,Wathib Abdulsamad Hameed,Abdul Mohsen Ibrahim,Mohamed Tahir Takana,Ahmad Mohammad Fouda 대한가정의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.36 No.5
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type-2 is a major public health concern worldwide. Not much information is available with regard to the incidence of DM in United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed at determining the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus among Emirati population in Ajman, UAE. This is a retrospective cohort study. Methods: This study was conducted in all primary health care centers and Shaikh Khalifa and GMC Hospitals, Ajman, UAE where the Emirati population primarily go for diagnosis and treatment. The incident cases of diabetes mellitus were collected during the period 2010 January to December. Results: A total of 158 cases newly detected in 2010, 54 were among non-Emiratis and one was type-1 diabetes. Eliminating these, the remaining 101 were included in the analysis. The age of the patients ranged from 23 years to 78 years; 35 (34.7%) males and 66 (65.3%) were females. The overall incidence observed was 4.8/1,000 person-years (PY) with a female predominance of 6.3/1,000 PY against incidence among males of 3.3/1,000 PY. With regard to age specific incidence rate among males, it increases with age till 60 years and then showed a decreasing trend. Among females also the same trend was observed but not as similar to males. Conclusion: The highest incidence rate was observed in the 55–59 age group among males, 23.4/1,000 PY and females, 32.4/1,000 PY. Among males the incidence rate was much less compared to females in—the age groups older than 59 years.
Jaspal, Muhammad Hayat,Ijaz, Muawuz,Akhtar, Muhammad Junaid,Nasir, Jamal,Ullah, Sana,Badar, Iftikhar Hussain,Yar, Muhammad Kashif,Ahmad, Arfan Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2021 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.41 No.1
Buffalo animals are slaughtered at their early age and carcasses are chilled rapidly which deteriorates its meat quality and decreases the consumer likeliness of buffalo meat. This study investigated the appropriate methods to prevent the quality deterioration of buffalo meat during chilling. Twenty four 18-mon-old buffalo bulls were slaughtered, electrically stimulated and suspended either by hip or achilles tendon. After 24 h postmortem, meat quality characteristics were recorded. Results showed that electrical stimulation (ES) led to rapid decline of carcass pH compared to non-ES method (p<0.05). Furthermore, electrically stimulated meat presented lower shear force accompanied with the higher CIE L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ values (p<0.05). Suspension methods only affect the meat shear values and were lowered in hip suspended samples. It can be concluded that ES combined with hip suspension can be adopted to prevent the meat quality deterioration of young buffalo bulls during postmortem storage.
Valliani, Arif,Ahmed, Bilawal,Nanji, Kashmira,Valliani, Salimah,Zulfiqar, Beenish,Fakih, Misbah,Mehdi, Mehwish,Khan, Anam,Sheikh, Sana Arshad,Fatima, Nida,Ahmad, Sobia,Farah, Fariya,Saleem, Shaheera,A Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5
Background: Use of smoke-less tobacco (SLT) is very common in South and South-East Asian countries. It is significantly associated with various types of cancers. The objectives of this study were to assess the proportion of hospital staff that use SLT, and to identify the factors associated with its use and their practices. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 560 staff of two tertiary care hospitals were interviewed in the year 2009. Nurses, ward boys and technicians were counted as a paramedic staff while drivers, peons, security guards and housekeeping staff were labeled as non-paramedic staff. SLT use was considered as usage of any of the following: betel quid (paan) with or without tobacco, betel nuts with or without tobacco (gutkha) and snuff (naswar). Results: About half (48.6%) of the hospital staff were using at least one type of SLT. Factors found to be statistically significant with SLT were being a male (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.8-3.7); having no/fewer years of education (OR=1.7; 95% CI=1.2-2.4) and working as non-paramedic staff (OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.8-3.8). Majority of SLT users were using it on regular basis, for > 5 years and keeping the tobacco products in the oral cavity for >30 minutes. About half of the users started due to peer pressure and had tried to quit this habit but failed. Conclusion: In this study, about half of the study participants were using SLT in different forms. We suggest educational and behavioral interventions for control of SLT usage.