미국 교육감 선출제도의 특징과 시사점

황아란(Ah-Ran Hwang),박수정(Soo-Jung Park) 한국비교정부학회 2012 한국비교정부학보 Vol.16 No.2

In analyzing the background and features of the US direct election system of the superintendent, this study is intended to present the implications of the US system for the Korean system. This study covers the following: firstly, the background of the US superintendent election system, the progressive era reforms from the late 19th century to the early 20th, and the characteristics of education reforms after 1980s; secondly, concrete contents and cases of the US non-partisan election, which is quite similar to the South Korean system, and the US running-mate system, which is recently considered as an alternative; thirdly, the implications of the US system for the Korean system. This study concludes with the recommendation that like the US current system that the authority of state governors has strengthened in order to enhance consistency and accountability of educational policies, the South Korean superintendent election system should be changed based on educational autonomy’s value and orientation.

[P8-210] Antioxidative Effects of Chungkukjang Preparation by Adding Sun-Dried Salts

Ah Ra Kim,Jae Joon Lee,Yu Mi Lee,Yun Gyeong Hwang,Mi Ran Park,Hae Choon Chang,Hae Ok Jung,Myung Yul Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2008 No.10

Idesolide inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells through the suppression of nitric oxide production

Hwang, Jun-Ha,Moon, Sung Ah,Lee, Cham Han,Byun, Mi Ran,Kim, A Rum,Sung, Mi Kyung,Park, Hyun-Jin,Hwang, Eun Sook,Sung, Sang Hyun,Hong, Jeong-Ho Elsevier 2012 european journal of pharmacology Vol.685 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Obesity is a major health problem worldwide and can increase the risk for several chronic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we screened small compounds isolated from natural products for the development of an anti-obesity drug. Among them, idesolide, a spiro compound isolated from the fruits of <I>Idesia polycarpa</I> Maxim, showed a significant suppression of the adipogenic differentiation in mesenchymal cells, as indicated by the decrease in fat droplets and expression of adipogenic marker genes such as aP2 and adiponectin. Idesolide inhibits the PPARγ-mediated gene transcription in a dose-dependent manner, revealed by luciferase reporter gene assay. During adipogenic differentiation, idesolide inhibits nitric oxide production through the suppression of iNOS expression, and the increased adipogenic differentiation by arginine, the substrate for NOS, is significantly inhibited by idesolide, suggesting that the inhibition of nitric oxide production plays a major role in idesolide-induced adipogenic suppression. Taken together, the results reveal that idesolide has anti-adipogenic activity and highlight its potential in the prevention and treatment of obesity.</P>

Support for Democracy and Economic Evaluations

Ah-Ran Hwang 한국정당학회 2003 한국정당학회보 Vol.2 No.2

광역 및 기초 단체장 선거경쟁이 동시선거 투표율에 미친 영향: 2010년 지방선거를 중심으로

황아란 ( Ah Ran Hwang ) 한국행정학회 2011 韓國行政學報 Vol.45 No.4

본 논문은 지방선거 투표율에 대한 광역 및 기초 단체장 동시선거의 부가적인 효과를 검증하고 결정 요인을 분석함으로써 투표율 제고를 위한 정책적 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 장기적인 특성의 선거환경 요인뿐 아니라 광역과 기초 단체장선거가 지닌 개별적이고 단기적 요인들이 투표율에 독립적인 영향력을 지닌다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 주시할 점은 광역과 기초 단체장선거의 단기적 요인들이 투표율에 미치는 효과가 상이하였으며, 광역시와 도 사이에서도 차이가 있었다는 점이다. 예를 들어 광역시장선거의 당선경쟁은 자치구 투표율에 매우 중요하였으나 도지사선거는 시군 투표율에 그리 중요하지 않았던데 비하여, 기초단체장선거의 당선경쟁도는 시군 투표율에 중요한 요인으로 규명되었다. 개별 선거의 단기적 요인들이 지방선거 투표율에 독립적인 영향을 미친다는 것은 지방적인 요인이 선거과정에 핵심적인 의미를 지니며, 동시선거의 제도적 실효성에 대한 중요한 근거를 제공해 준다는 점에서 주목할 필요가 있다. This article examines how the concurrency of gubernatorial and mayoral elections influences voter turnout in local elections. It finds that not only the short-term, individual factors, such as electoral closeness and incumbent running, but also the long-term factors, such as urbanization level, size, and regional characteristics of an electoral district, greatly influence voter turnout. The concurrency of two elections has been intended to spur turnout. However, it has shown some interesting results. The turnout for each election differs by the urbanization level of municipalities. In metropolitan areas voter turnout has substantially increased by gubernatorial competitions, while it has had no effect on the voter turnout in provincial areas. However, mayoral competitions have shown an increase in turnout in all municipalities.

2000년대 지방선거의 변화와 지속성

황아란(Ah-Ran Hwang) 한국정치학회 2013 한국정치학회보 Vol.47 No.5

본 연구는 2000년대 세 차례 지방선거의 각급 선거 간 통시적인 비교를 통하여 당락에 미치는 주요 요인들의 영향과 변화를 분석함으로써 지방선거에 대한 심층적이고 종합적인 이해를 넓히는 데 목적을 두었다. 특히 현직효과에 주목하여 중앙정치의 정당 영향이 지배적인 지방선거에서 현직의 후보요인이 선거유형에 따라 그리고 시기에 따라 어떤 특징과 변화를 보이는가를 탐색하는 데 중점을 두었다. 분석결과, 지방선거에서 중앙정치의 정당요인으로 지역주의 정당지지와 정권심판론이 미치는 영향이 강한 것은 사실이지만 현직의 후보요인도 독립적인 변수로서 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 또 지방선거의 당락을 결정하는 이들 주요 요인의 영향력이 각급 선거 간에 상이할 뿐 아니라 시기적인 유동성에도 차이를 지녔는데, 정당의 영향은 기초보다 광역선거에서 그리고 현직효과는 지방의원보다 단체장 선거에서 강했으며, 시기적인 유동성은 정당의 영향이 현직효과보다 컸다. The purpose of this study is to give thorough and comprehensive understanding of local elections by analyzing the effects of incumbency advantage and party preference on three concurrent local elections in 2000s: upper and low-level mayoral and local council offices. The analysis shows that midterm evaluation of the party in power and regional party support have a great influence on candidates’ winning, and incumbency advantage works as another variable in electoral outcome. Party factors have a stronger influence on upper-level than lower-level elections. Comparing variations of three factors over time, this study finds that incumbency advantage is more stable than party factors

국회의원선거와 현직의 직·간접적인 효과

황아란(Hwang, Ah Ran) 한국정치학회 2017 한국정치학회보 Vol.51 No.4

이 논문은 현직효과의 복합적 개념에 대한 경험적 검증에 중점을 두고 국회의원선거의 후보 경쟁력을 분석하였다. 개념적으로 현직후보의 이점은 공직에 부여된 혜택 등의 직접적인 효과와 그로 인해 강력한 후보를 배제시키는 간접적인 배제효과를 포괄한다. 제20대 총선 후보의 당락과 득표율에 대한 분석결과, 비현직선거구의 후보와 비교하여 현직후보의 선거경쟁력이 높으며, 현직의 도전후보가 가장 낮은 경쟁력을 보인 점에서 현직의 직접효과와 배제효과를 살필 수 있었다. 또 재출마한 비현직후보의 인지적 효과도 확인할 수 있었는데, 지난 제19대 총선에 출마하여 낙선했던 비현직후보는 제20대 총선에 처음 출마한 후보보다 당락과 득표율에서 모두 앞섰다. Two important incumbency advantages are benefits earned as office holders and the scare-off effect deterring the entries of strong challengers. This study estimates and specifies incumbency advantages by comparing open-seat candidates with incumbents and their challengers in two electoral indices: probabilities of winning and vote shares of candidates in the 2016 National Assembly election. It finds that incumbents have the most electoral advantages in all, open-seat candidates are in the second, and their challengers have the weakest competitiveness. It also shows that the candidates who ran in the previous 2012 election but were not elected have more electoral advantages than the new ones.

선거환경 변화가 당선경쟁과 투표율에 미친 영향

황아란(Ah-Ran Hwang) 한국정당학회 2008 한국정당학회보 Vol.7 No.2

제18대 총선에서 한나라당의 공천파동은 한나라당의 현역 국회의원 출마와 당적 변경에 중요한 영향을 미쳤으며, 친박(무소속)연대 후보들의 등장에도 직접적인 요인이 되었다. 본 연구는 특히 영남에서의 선거환경 변화가 당선경쟁에 미친 영향을 분석하고 당선경쟁과 투표율의 관계를 검증하는 데 중점을 두었다. 영남과 전국을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 비한나라당 현직 선거구와 친박(무소속)연대가 출마한 선거구는 각각 당선경쟁도에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 당선경쟁은 투표율에 중요한 요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 결론에서는 제18대 총선을 통해 영남의 당선경쟁 변화가 주는 정치적 함의를 논의하였다. One of the hot issues in the 18th parliamentary election was the Grand Nation Party’s internal conflict in the course of nominating candidates. It affected many of the party’s incumbent Assemblymen in their decisions whether to re-run for election and to change their party affiliation. Most conspicuously, the two Pro-Park Geun-hye Associations (Pro-Park Geun-hye Association and Independent Pro-Park Guen-hye Association) were formed defecting from the GNP. This study is about the impact of these changes on electoral closeness and turnout. The analyses of the electoral districts where non-GNP and pro-Park were running showed higher electoral competition, and the result confirms a closer election is an important factor in yielding a higher turnout.

제17대 대통령 선거의 투표선택과 정당태도의 복합 지표 모형

황아란(Hwang Ah-Ran) 서강대학교 현대정치연구소 2008 현대정치연구 Vol.1 No.1

영남 지역주의의 지속성과 변화

황아란(HWANG AH-RAN) 21세기정치학회 2008 21세기 정치학회보 Vol.18 No.1

It is the regionalism that has characterized every election since the 1987 democratization in Korea. Its persistency is as such that there has been countless studies on its origin and impact on voters' choice. Regionalism, by its nature, is double faced: in-party loyalty (the positive aspect) and out-party hostility (the negative aspect). However, it is the positive aspect that has received most of research attention. The negative aspect, on the other hand, has been either overlooked or understated in the political literature. Contending that regionalism is all inclusive of both in-party loyalty and out-party hostility, this paper analyzes the voting behavior motivated by regionalism. Although both Youngnam and Honam have shown a firm regionalistic stand, this study focuses mainly on the regionalism in Youngnam area as it has appeared notably irregular and erratic in recent years. This paper concludes that regionalism in the 2007 Presidential election, works in a way that a voter's choice is determined by not only a positive attitude toward a preferred party but also a hostility toward the opposition parties. Therefore, both positive and negative reactions to a particular party should be taken into consideration in the analysis of regionalism and its impact. With this comprehensive concept such phenomena as voters' defection from their regional party and other dynamics of regionalism are to be comprehended and explained.