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Characterization of an Intense Laser-Produced Preformed Plasma for Proton Generation
A Sagisaka,A. Noda,A. Fukumi,A. Yogo,A. S. Pirozhkov,H. Daido,K. Nemoto,K. Ogura,M. Nishiuchi,M. Mori,M. Kado,S. Orimo,S. Nakamura,T. Nayuki,T. Shirai,T. Fujii,Y. Oishi,Y. Hayashi,Y. Iwashita,Z. Li 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.I
High-energy protons are generated with a 3-μm-thick tantalum target irradiated with a highintensity laser under the preformed plasma condition. We observe the electron density distributions of preformed plasmas with two-color probe beams as interferometers. The preformed plasma at the front side of the target is generated by pre-pulses of a high-intensity Ti:sapphire laser. In this preformed plasma condition, the maximum proton enegy is 900 keV. The half angle of the generated proton beam (>500 keV) is about 10.
Giant magneto-elastic coupling in multiferroic hexagonal manganites
Lee, Seongsu,Pirogov, A.,Kang, Misun,Jang, Kwang-Hyun,Yonemura, M.,Kamiyama, T.,Cheong, S.-W.,Gozzo, F.,Shin, Namsoo,Kimura, H.,Noda, Y.,Park, J.-G. Nature Publishing Group 2008 Nature Vol.451 No.7180
The motion of atoms in a solid always responds to cooling or heating in a way that is consistent with the symmetry of the given space group of the solid to which they belong. When the atoms move, the electronic structure of the solid changes, leading to different physical properties. Therefore, the determination of where atoms are and what atoms do is a cornerstone of modern solid-state physics. However, experimental observations of atomic displacements measured as a function of temperature are very rare, because those displacements are, in almost all cases, exceedingly small. Here we show, using a combination of diffraction techniques, that the hexagonal manganites RMnO<SUB>3</SUB> (where R is a rare-earth element) undergo an isostructural transition with exceptionally large atomic displacements: two orders of magnitude larger than those seen in any other magnetic material, resulting in an unusually strong magneto-elastic coupling. We follow the exact atomic displacements of all the atoms in the unit cell as a function of temperature and find consistency with theoretical predictions based on group theories. We argue that this gigantic magneto-elastic coupling in RMnO<SUB>3</SUB> holds the key to the recently observed magneto-electric phenomenon in this intriguing class of materials.
( Eliane A. Gomes ),( Christiane A. Oliveira ),( Ubiraci G. P. Lana ),( Roberto W. Noda ),( Ivanildo E. Marrie ),( Francisco A. De Souza ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.7
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the greatest limitations to agriculture in acid soils,particularly in tropical regions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can supply plants with nutrients and give protection against Al toxicity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil liming (i.e., reducing Al saturation) on the AMF community composition and structure in the roots of maize lines contrasting for Al tolerance. To this end, we constructed four 18S rDNA cloning libraries from L3 (Al tolerant) and L22 (Al sensitive) maize lines grown in limed and non-limed soils. A total of 790 clones were sequenced, 69% belonging to theGlomeromycota phylum. The remaining sequences were from Ascomycota, which were more prominent in the limed soil, mainly in the L3 line. The most abundant AM fungal clones were related to the family Glomeraceae represented by the genera uncultured Glomus followed b Rhizophagus and Funneliformis. However, the most abundant operational taxonomic units with 27% of the Glomeromycota clones was affiliated to genus Racocetra. This genus was present in all the four libraries, but it was predominant in the non-limed soils, suggesting that Racocetra is tolerant to Al toxicity. Similarly, Acaulospora and Rhizophagus were also present mostly in both lines in non-limed soils. The community richness of AMF in the non-limed soils was higher than the limed soil for both lines. The results suggest that the soil Al saturation was the parameter that mostly influences the AMF species composition in the soils in this study.
X-ray and Neutron Structure Analysis of MeHPLN in the Low Temperature Phase
R. Kiyanagi,A. Kojima,H. Kimura,M. Watanabe,S. Kumazawa,T. Sugawara,T. Hayashide,T. Mochida,Y. Noda 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.IV
Structure analyses of 5-Methyl-9-hydroxyphenalenon(C14H10O2, MeHPLN) in the low temperature phase were performed by X-ray and neutron scattering experiments. It is found that the space group is P21/c with a super cell (a 2b c) and there are two types of molecules in the unit cell. In one of the independent molecules, hydrogen atoms in hydrogen-bond region occupy two sites as same as in the room temperature phase. On the other hand, in another independent molecules, hydrogen atoms in hydrogen-bond region clearly show ordering feature. In these ordered hydrogen atoms, there are obvious discrepancy beween electron and nuclear distribution, and hence static electrical dipolemoments exist in hydorgen-bond region with an antiferroelectric ordering.
Spiral spin structures and origin of the magnetoelectric coupling inYMn2O5
Kim, J.-H.,Lee, S.-H.,Park, S. I.,Kenzelmann, M.,Harris, A. B.,Schefer, J.,Chung, J.-H.,Majkrzak, C. F.,Takeda, M.,Wakimoto, S.,Park, S. Y.,Cheong, S-W.,Matsuda, M.,Kimura, H.,Noda, Y.,Kakurai, K. American Physical Society 2008 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.78 No.24