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Characterization of an Intense Laser-Produced Preformed Plasma for Proton Generation
A Sagisaka,A. Noda,A. Fukumi,A. Yogo,A. S. Pirozhkov,H. Daido,K. Nemoto,K. Ogura,M. Nishiuchi,M. Mori,M. Kado,S. Orimo,S. Nakamura,T. Nayuki,T. Shirai,T. Fujii,Y. Oishi,Y. Hayashi,Y. Iwashita,Z. Li 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.I
High-energy protons are generated with a 3-μm-thick tantalum target irradiated with a highintensity laser under the preformed plasma condition. We observe the electron density distributions of preformed plasmas with two-color probe beams as interferometers. The preformed plasma at the front side of the target is generated by pre-pulses of a high-intensity Ti:sapphire laser. In this preformed plasma condition, the maximum proton enegy is 900 keV. The half angle of the generated proton beam (>500 keV) is about 10.
Lawless Michael H.,Yoon Elise J.,Jasinski Jacob M.,Gabrail Joseph,Jordan Noah,Kado Karl,Tong Doris,Soo Teck M.,Carr Daniel A. 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.3
Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study.Purpose: To determine the effect of change in interspace height on fusion and postoperative neck pain.Overview of Literature: The optimal height of a cervical interbody device (cage) in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is not well defined. In addition, the effect of interspace distraction on fusion and postoperative neck pain remains unclear.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive patients who underwent one- or two-level ACDF using polyetheretherketone cages by multiple surgeons from January 2015 to June 2016. We excluded patients younger than 18 years old, patients who had prior surgery at the same level (s), those with two-stage procedures, and those with less than 3 months of followup. Fusion was determined using the “Song” criteria. Ordinal regression was used to determine predictors of fusion. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) were analyzed.Results: We identified 323 consecutive patients. Twenty-two patients met the exclusion criteria. A total of 435 operative levels were included in the 301 remaining patients. Interspace fusion did not significantly vary by increasing interspace height with fusion rates between 76.2% and 82.8% at a mean follow-up of 17.9±12.6 months. The effect of an increase in interspace height and neck pain PRO was available for 163 patients who underwent one-level ACDF at a mean follow-up period of 16.2±13.1 months. We found no significant difference in fusion rate or neck pain score with increasing interspace height from 1 to 8 mm. Ordinal regression demonstrated no significant predictors of fusion.Conclusions: Interspace distraction from 1 to 8 mm did not result in significantly different pseudarthrosis rates or postoperative neck pain.