Inhibitory effects of retinoic acid on the proliferation of pre-neoplastic and hepatoma cells in rat liver

정자영(Ja Young Jeong),이영순(Yong Soon Lee) 한국예방수의학회 1998 예방수의학회지 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 retinoic acid(RA)가 간발암화 과정에 미치는 조절효과와 간암세포 및 정상 간세포의 증식성에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 간 발암물질로는 diethylnitrosamine(DEN, 200mg/kg, i.p.)과 2-acetylaminofluorene(AAF, 15mg/kg, i.g.)을 사용하였다. Ⅰ군은 DEN과 AAF를 투여하였고, 3주에 간부분 절제술(partial hepatectomy, PH)을 해 주었다. Ⅱ군은 DEN, AAF, PH 그리고 RA(1.5mg/kg, i.m.)를 처치하였다. Ⅲ군은 Ⅱ군의 처치에서 AAF를 제외시켰다. Ⅳ군은 PH와 RA를, 그리고 V군은 PH만 처치하였다. 모든 랫드는 8주. 16주, 32주에 부검하여 조사하였으며, 간암세포와 정상 간세포의 증식성 평가는 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine(BrdU)의 표지, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)의 발현, 그리고 핵당 silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions(AgNORs)의 갯수 등을 조사하였다. 또한 c-myc 종양단백의 발현 역시 평가하였다. 결과로서, 부검 8주에 GST-p 면역염색 후 조사한 전암병변의 수와 면적은 Ⅱ군에서 Ⅰ군보다 유의적으로 감소되었다(p<0.01). 종양발생율에 있어서도 RA의 억제효과가 16주 및 32주에서 확인되었다. 또한 PCNA와 BrdU에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색결과에서는 Ⅱ군에서 정상 간세포의 증식능이 Ⅰ군보다 더 크게 나타났다. c-myc 종양단백의 발현은 정상부위보다 종양성 병변에서 유의적으로 높게 발현되었지만, Ⅱ군의 종양성 병변에서는 8주(p<0.01)와 32주(p<0.01)에서 Ⅰ군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소되었다. 결론적으로, 이러한 결과는 DEN-AAF-PH로 유발한 간발암화 과정에서 RA투여에 의하여 발암 억제효과가 확인 되었으며, 이 억제효과는 매우 강력하여 AAF의 암 촉진 효과를 충분히 차단할 만큼 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 간발암화 과정중 RA의 억제효과는 전암성 간세포의 증식 억제, 정상 간세포의 증식 촉진 그리고 c-myc 종양단백 발현의 감소에서 기인되는 것으로 사료된다.

얀 치홀트 타이포그래픽 규칙의 적용 가능성 -디지털 매체를 중심으로-

정자영 ( Jeong Ja Young ),장경국 ( Chang Kyoung Kook ) 한국기초조형학회 2021 기초조형학연구 Vol.22 No.4

초 스마트 사회에 살아가고 있는 현재, 사람들은 다양한 형태의 스마트 기기를 통해 무수히 많고 복잡한 정보들을 접하고 있다. 작은 화면 안에서 더 정확하고 빠른 정보를 얻기 위해 가독성이 높은 제품 및 서비스를 선호한다. 본 연구는, 종이를 기본으로 발전해 온 가독성에 관한 요소들과 규칙들이 다양한 크기의 디지털 기기에 그대로 적용이 되는지 비교 연구를 하는 데에 그 목적에 있다. 신 타이포 그래피를 창출한 선구적인 타이포그래퍼인 ‘얀 치홀트의 타이포그래픽 디자인’에서 정리한 인쇄물 디자인에 필요한 가장 중요한 원칙들 중 9개의 항목을 선정하여 웹 / 모바일 환경에 적용해 가독성에 영향을 주는지의 정량조사를 통한 비교 실험 연구를 하였다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 인터넷 이용률 및 국내 연령대별 스마트 기기 보유율 변동 추이가 가장 높은 20-30대 사이의 디자인 전공자 및 비전공자를 대상으로 실험 조사를 하였으며, 얀 치홀트의 규칙이 적용된 이미지와 그렇지 않은 이미지를 한번에 보여주기 위해 1:1모바일 화면은 A4 사이즈의 인쇄물, 1:1웹 화면은 빔 프로젝트을 통해 실험이 이루어졌다. 그 결과, 실험에 적용한 총 9가지의 타이포그래피 디자인 원칙 중 7개의 항목이 웹, 모바일 상에서도 동일하게 가독성이 높게 적용이 된다고 파악을 하였다. 특히, E항목(한 단어를 갈라 놓지 말 것)은 웹 96%, 모바일에서는 100%가 강조된 한 단어(Jumping)를 갈라 놓지 않는 것이 가독성이 높다고 답변을 하여 나머지 8항목의 결과에 비해 압도적인 결과가 도출되었다. 따라서, 얀 치홀트의 타이포그래픽 디자인 원칙들이 오늘날의 웹 / 모바일 환경에 적용했을 때도 가독성에 높은 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 연구자는 향후 본 연구에서 실험한 9가지의 디자인 원칙 이외에 모든 원칙들에 대해서도 다양한 크기의 디지털 기기들에 대한 가독성 비교 연구를 통해 지속적이고 효율적인 개발을 하는데 일조를 하고자 한다. Currently living in a super-smart society, people are exposed to countless and complex information through various forms of smart devices. In addition, people prefer those devices and services with high readability to obtain more accurate information in a faster way within a small screen. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative study on whether the elements and rules of readability that have evolved in print media are able to be applied to digital devices of diverse screen sizes. For this study, nine of the most important principles for print design were selected, which were organized by the pioneering typographer “Jan Tschichold's Typographic Design”. Based on these principles, researchers conducted an experimental survey on those in their 20s and 30s in Korea who have relatively high internet usage and the highest smart device retention. Both web and mobile screens were presented to the surveyees to examine the change in readability according to Jan Tschichold's typographic principles. As a result, seven of the nine typography design principles applied to this experiment were found to be equally readable on the web and mobile. In particular, the answers on principle E rated the highest consistency(Web : 96%, Mobile : 100%) than the rest of 8 principles, which is “Do not split one word”. Therefore, the study shows that Jan Tschichold's typographic design principles have a high impact on readability even when applied to today's web/mobile environments. In addition to the nine design principles tested in this study, researchers hope to contribute to the continuous and efficient development of digital devices on various displays through comparative studies.

비유전독성 간발암물질인 Cloibrate 의 F344 랫드에 있어서 경구 아급성독성시험

정자영(Ja Young Jeong),이국영(Kook Kyung Lee),신동환(Dong Hwan Shin),한범석(Beom Seok Han),김대중(Dae Joong Kim),강태석(Tae Seok Kang),김기상(Ki Sang Kim),장동덕(Dong Deuk Jang),김창옥(Chang Ok Kim),김효정(Hyo Jung Kim),김지희(Jee He 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.1

Clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator, is hepatocarcinogenic in rats in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 70 male and female F344 rats, 5-week-old, were divided into three groups. Rats were fed clofibrate at 0, 0.25, or 0.5% in diet for 30 days. All rats were anesthetized with CO₂, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for hematology and clinical chemistry, and the rats were killed by exsanguination. Livers, kidenys, pancreas, adrenal glands, spleen, heart, lungs, thyroid gland, reproductive organs, and digestive organs were removed, weighed, later processed, and embedded with paraplast for histological examination. The relative liver and kidney weights with respect to final body weight in the clofibrate-treated group were significantly increased compared with those of control group at all dose levels (p<0.01). It has been suggested that clofibrate may influence on hepatotoxicity by increases in peroxisomal proliferation.

비판적 사고력 평가 관점과 기준

정자영 ( Ja Young Jeong ) 한국언어문화학회 2011 한국언어문화 Vol.0 No.44

Researcher elucidate the structure of critical thinking through analysis and systematization for the concept and the sub-factors of critical thinking, and describe the point of view and the criteria for assessment of critical thinking through literature review. Critical thinking which is the main goal of the Korean language and the power means of learners set at the level as the goal, in the situation what was uncertain the implications and the concrete reality of critical thinking, what was not set the teaching-learning method and the true assessment system which was substantially intended to learners` critical thinking. The detailed description of critical thinking` structure can be approached the essence of critical thinking. When based on a thoughtful understanding of critical thinking, we can advance teaching-learning reflected the sub-factors and the characteristic of critical thinking, furthermore critical thinking of learners can improve more and more. Because the attribute of thinking is abstract and thinking is working syntagmatically by many factors, a study is a limit. But through literature review in the analysis and conceptualization process of critical thinking, the substance of critical thinking can become distinct more and more. The plans and practices that critical thinking of learners can promote at the chalkface can be established till substance and factors of critical thinking are the foundation. Therefore researcher classify skills and disposition with critical thinking to promote increased understanding about the concept and the structure of critical thinking. And the subcategory of critical thinking skills was classified as conceptualization, analysis, synthesis, inference, judgment. And the subcategory of critical thinking disposition was classified as pursuit of truth, value of ground, intellectual independence, openness of thinking, carefulness of thinking, self-reflection. A study extract the core characteristics of critical thinking so that establish the point of view and the criteria for substantive assessment of critical thinking.

Flowcytometric quantitative analysis and immunoblotting patterns of the c-myc oncoprotein in hepatocarclnogenesis

정자영(Ja Young Jeong),이영순(Yong Soon Lee) 한국예방수의학회 1998 예방수의학회지 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 화학적 간발암화 과정에서 c-myc 종양단백의 immunoblotting 패턴과 유세포 측정기를 이용한 정량분석을 수행하였다. 또한 종양성 간세포의 증식성 평가를 위하여 핵당 silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions(AgNORs)를 조사하였다. 실험군은 세 군으로 나누었으며, Ⅰ군은 대조군, Ⅱ군은 암 유발 물질 투여군으로, 2,2’-dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine(DHPN, 0.1% in d.w.)과 N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine(EHEN, 0.15% in d. w.)을 1주 동안씩 각각 처치하였다. 암유발 및 촉진군으로 Ⅲ군은 암유발 물질 투여후, 촉진을 위하여 3’-methycholanthracene(3’-MC, 10mg/kg, i.p., twice a week)와 DL-serine (0.05% in d.w.)을 5주 동안 처치하였다. 모든 동물은 8, 12 그리고 20주에 희생시켜 조사하였다. 면역형광 염색은 붉은 색의 핵에 녹색의 둥근 점이 산재되어 관찰되었다. Dual-parametric FCM으로 분석한 c-myc 퍼센트는 Ⅰ군에서 18%, Ⅱ군에서 21~23% 그리고 Ⅲ군에서는 24~26%로 조사되었으며, 부검시간과 처치에 따른 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. c-myc 종양단백의 immunoblotting 조사에서는, 발암물질을 처치하지 않은 Ⅰ군에서 68 kDa의 강한 하나의 밴드가 관찰되었다. 그러나 발암물질 처치군인 Ⅲ군에서는 68 kDa 밴드 이외에 65 kDa의 밴드가 새롭게 나타났다. Ⅱ군의 AgNORs의 평균수는 암병변에서 정상부위에 비하여 8주 (p<0.05), 12주(p<0.01)에서 유의성 높게 나타났다. Ⅲ군에서도 역시 전암병변에서 8주 (p<0.05), 12주 (p<0.05) 그리고 20주(p<0.01)에서 유의성 높게 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 유세포 측정기로 측정한 c-myc 종양단백의 함량 측정방법은 간편하고, 단순하며 신속한 방법이었다. 발암물질을 처치한 간에서 immunoblotting한 c-myc 종양단백은 68 kDa이 약해지고, 새롭게 65 kDa이 합성되어 나타났다. 따라서 발암물질에 의하여 새롭게 합성된 p65c-myc는 발암물질의 투여 결과이며, 발암물질에 의한 구조적 변성에서 기인된 것으로 사료된다. 한편 핵당 AgNORs의 평가는 종양성 간세포 또는 증식성 세포의 평가를 가능하게 해주는 것으로 조사되었다.

1인가구 생활패턴이 반영된 세탁O2O서비스 사용성 평가 연구 -런드리고와 세탁특공대를 중심으로-

정자영 ( Jeong¸ Ja Young ),장경국 ( Chang¸ Kyoung Kook ) 한국기초조형학회 2021 기초조형학연구 Vol.22 No.5

최근 1인가구 증가와 타임푸어족의 등장으로 세탁 O2O 서비스의 이용률이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는, 세탁 O2O 서비스인 런드리고와 세탁특공대 애플리케이션을 중심으로 사용성 평가 비교분석을 통해 향후 20~30대 1인가구를 위한 세탁 O2O 서비스 사용성 개선을 위한 필요사항을 도출하고 의(衣)활동 이론 발전에도 기여하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법으로는 1차로 문헌연구를 통해 1인가구의 현황, 라이프스타일, 세탁 O2O서비스의 시장 현황 및 전망 등을 고찰하였으며, 2차로 사용성 평가를 위해 피터모빌(Peter Morville)의 허니콤 모델(The Honeycomb Model) 7가지 요소를 기초하여 1인가구의 전체비율 중 가장 많은 비중을 차지하고 있는 20~30대 남녀를 대상으로 심층인터뷰를 진행 하였다. 사용성 평가 결과, 전체적으로 세탁특공대 앱의 서비스 사용성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 사용성, 가치성에 있어서는 1) 세탁물을 맡기고 수거하는 과정에 있어서 시간이 단축되는 점. 2) 출퇴근 시간에 제약 없이 사용가능한 점. 3) 빨래를 해야 하는 귀찮음을 해소했다는 점에 대하여 두 애플리케이션 모두 20~30대 1인가구 피실험자들에게 높은 평가를 받았다. 이러한 사용성 평가를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 개선점을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 각 세탁 건별에 대한 평가와 업체에 대한 평가가 필요하다. 둘째, 그 평가에 따른 피드백 서비스가 필요하다. 셋째, 개인정보보호를 강화하여 신뢰성을 높여야 한다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 국내 세탁 O2O 서비스 향상에 기여하기를 기대하며, 향후 연구에서는 보다 폭넓은 1인가구의 연령층을 분석하여 1인가구의 의(衣)활동 발전에 기여할 수 있는 사용성 연구가 나오기를 기대한다. As the number of one-person households and the Timepoors has arisen in recent years, the utilisation rate of laundry O2O services is increasing. The purpose of this study is to derive the need to improve the usability of laundry O2O services for one-person households in their 20s and 30s and contribute to the development of clothing activity theory through comparative analysis of usability evaluation focused on the mobile application ‘Laundrygo’ and ‘Getwashswat’ application. A literature study examined the current status of one-person households, there’s lifestyle, market status and prospects of laundry O2O services. In addition, based on seven elements of Peter Morville's User Experience Honeycomb, an in-depth interview was conducted for those in their 20s and 30s, which account for the highest proportion of one-person households. As a result of the usability evaluation, the ‘Getwashswat’ application has higher service usability than ‘Laundrygo’. Especially in the field of usable and valuable, both applications received high scores from one-person households in their 20s and 30s for the following reasons : 1) Time reduction in the process of drop-off and collecting laundry. 2) Unlimited use during rush hour. 3) Hassle-Free from Laundry. Based on this usability assessment, the following improvement results were obtained through the data analysis : First, evaluation on the service supplier and laundry case is required. Second, feedback services according to the assessment are needed. Third, it is necessary to increase reliability by strengthening privacy. The results of this study are expected to lead to improving domestic laundry O2O services. In future studies, researcher hopes to analyse the whole age group of one-person households to contribute to the development of clothing activities in one-person households.

간과 선장의 암유발과정에서 혈액화학효소 및 DNA ploidy pattern 의 변화에 대한 조사

정자영,장동덕,조재천,이영순,Jeong, Ja-Young,Jang, Dong-Deuk,Cho, Jae-Cheon,Lee, Yong-Soon 한국수의병리학회 1998 한국수의병리학회지 Vol.2 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate on the serum chemistry and the DNA ploidy changes in carcinogenesis of the rat liver and kidney. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Group I was non-treated control. Group II was given initiators (2,2'-dihydroxy- di-N-propylnitrosamine, 0.1% in drinking water(d.w.) for 1 week and N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-ethylnitrosamine; 0.15% in d.w. for 1 week) and promoters (3'methyl-cholanthrene; 3'MC, l0mg/kg, intraperitoneally(i.p.) twice a week and DL-serine; 0.05% in d.w. for 5 weeks, from 3 to 8 weeks). All examinations were performed at 12 and 20 weeks RBC, HGBCp<0.05) and PCVCp<0.01) significantly decreased in Group II at 20 weeks. Activities of ALT, AST(p<0.05) and GGT(p<0.01) were significantly increased in Group II at 20 weeks. Flow cytometric analysis showed hepatocyte nuclei from normal livers were predominantly tetraploid(66~67%) and then diploid(28~30%). Most of hepatocyte nuclei from carcinogen-treated rats were diploid (52~68%) and less were tetraploid(28~42%). Neoplastic liver nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma contained almost exclusively diploid nuclei. Renal cell nuclei from normal kidney were predominantly diploid(88~93%), those from carcinogen-treated rats had an abnormal DNA-content peak(aneuploidy, 6-7%), near the tetraploidy area. These results suggest that diploidy may be an effective screening marker of the liver carcinogenesis. Aneuploidy may be an useful marker in assessment of the experimental renal carcinogenesis.

랫드의 간암 발생과정에서 분리한 자연살해세포의 활성측정 및 특성연구

정자영,이국경,길광섭,이영순,Jeong, Ja-young,Lee, Kuk-kyung,Kil, Jwang-sup,Lee, Yong-soon 대한수의학회 1999 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The purposes of this study were to set up the method of the natural killer(NK) cell activity assay using the flow cytometer and to examine the characteristics and distribution of the NK cell during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Forty five male 6 week-old specific pathogen free(SPF) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was the non-treated control and given normal diet and water. Group II was treated with diethylnitrosamine(DEN, 200mg/kg, i.p.) and partial hepatectomy. Group III was treated with DEN, partial hepatectomy and 0.05% phenobarbital sodium in water from 3 to 16 weeks. All animals were examined the morphology of the large granular lymphocyte(LGL), the LGL percent of the total lymphocytes and the LGL conjugation rate with YAC-1 cell in peripheral blood, spleen and liver. Moreover, activity of the LGL isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined using the flow cytometer. As results, LGL were observed in the peripheral blood, spleen and liver. LGL were observed the relatively faintly staining basophilic cytoplasm with granules, and eccentric, often kidney-shaped nuclei in Giemsa stain. Its size was $11{\sim}13{\mu}m$. LGL percentage of the isolated lymphocytes in peripheral blood, spleen and liver were 1.8~2.3%, 1.3~1.4% and 0.87~0.99%, respectively. LGL conjugation rate with YAC-1 cell was shown to be peripheral blood(9.3~10.3 %) > spleen(7.7~8.7%) > liver(5.6~7.0%). The activity of the LGL isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes in Group I, II and III was 33.7%, 30.5% and 35.4%, respectively. However, all values were not significantly between groups.

택사(Alismatis Rhizoma) 추출물의 반복 경구투여 독성 연구

노항식,석지현,정자영,이종권,김태성,최혜경,하헌용,Roh, Hang-Sik,Seok, Ji-Hyun,Jeong, Ja-Young,Lee, Jong-Kwon,Kim, Tae-Sung,Choi, Hye-Kyung,Ha, Hun-Yong 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2014 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate the repeated dose oral toxicity of Alismatis Rhizoma in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. Methods : Male and female rats were administered orally with Alismatis Rhizoma water extract of 500 mg/kg(low dosage group), 1,000 mg/kg(middle dosage group) and 2,000 mg/kg(high dosage group). We daily observed number of deaths, clinical signs and gross findings for 14 days(twice a day). After 14 days, we measured body and organs weight. Also we analyzed hematological changes. Results : No dead SD rats and no clinical signs were found during the experiment period. Also other specific changes were not found between control and treated groups in hematology and serum biochemistry. In addition no significant changes of gross body and individual organs weight. Conclusions : These results suggest that water soluble extract of Alismatis Rhizoma has not repeated dose oral toxicity and oral LD50 value was over 2,000 mg/kg in SD rats. As a result, we can determine Alismatis Rhizoma is a relatively safe substance.

택사(Alismatis Rhizoma) 추출물의 급성 경구투여 독성 연구

석지현,노항식,정자영,하헌용,Seok, Ji-Hyun,Roh, Hang-Sik,Jeong, Ja-Young,Ha, Hun-Yong 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2013 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Alismatis Rhizoma in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. Methods : male and female rats were administered orally with Alismatis Rhizoma water extract of 1,000 mg/kg (low dosage group), 2,000 mg/kg(middle dosage group) and 4,000 mg/kg(high dosage group). We daily observed number of deaths, clinical signs and gross findings for 7 days. After 7 days, we measured body and organs weight. Also we analyzed hematological changes. Results : No dead SD rats and no clinical signs were found during the experiment period. Also other specific changes were not found between control and treated groups in hematology and serum biochemistry. In addition no significant changes of gross body and individual organs weight. Conclusions : These results suggest that water soluble extract of Alismatis Rhizoma has not acute oral toxicity and oral $LD_{50}$ value was over 4,000 mg/kg in SD rats.