Ablation Rate and Intrapulpal Temperature by Addition of Water Spray During Er:YAG Laser Irradiation

김정문,김미은,김기석,Kim, Jung-Moon,Kim, Mee-Eun,Kim, Ki-Suk Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine 2005 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.30 No.3

Er:YAG laser has been considered a promising alternative to dental drill and many researches indicate that adjustment to variable parameters, including water flow rate, pulse energy and pulse repetition rate, can be made to improve ablation ability and efficiency of the laser. Of these parameters, addition of water spray during irradiation has been thought to ablate dental hard tissue more rapidly and safely. The purpose of this study was to investigate tooth ablation amount by Er:YAG laser irradiation as related to varied water flow rates added and, ultimately to find the most effective water flow rate for ablation. In addition, the temperature change of pulp chamber during irradiation was also monitored on the irradiated and opposite pulpal walls, respectively. An Er:YAG laser with contact mode was employed. Extracted human molars were split into two pieces for ablation experiment. Pulse energies of 200 and 300 mJ with a pulse repetition rate of 20 Hz and 5 water flow rates (1.6, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0 ml/min) were applied. Each irradiation was performed for 3 seconds. According to these parameters, experimental groups were divided into 10 subgroups which consisted of 5 specimens. For temperature experiment, another 5 tooth-specimens were prepared in the manner that pulp chamber was open through access cavity preparation and two temperature-measuring probes were placed respectively on the irradiated and the opposite walls of pulp chamber. From the experiment on ablation amount related to different water flow rates, it was shown that the least water flow rate of 1.6 ml/min ablated more than any other water flow rates (p<0.000). When the irradiation for 3 seconds, combined with the pulse repetition time of 20Hz and the water flow rate of 1.6 ml/min was done to tooth specimen, the temperature rise was not noticeable both on the irradiated and the opposite pulpal walls (less than 3$^{\circ}C$) and there was no significant difference in temperature rise between the two pulse energies, 200 and 300 mJ. From the results of this study, it is suggested that tooth ablation with Er:YAG laser can be done effectively and safely at a energy between 200 and 300 mJ/pulse and a pulse repetition rate of 20 Hz when the lasing is conjugated with the water flow rate of 1.6ml/min.

레스토랑 고객의 관계혜택이 고객만족도, 구전의도, 점포충성도에 미치는 영향: 뉴 실버세대 고객들을 대상으로

김정문(Kim, Jung-Moon),이학희(Lee, Hack-Hie),원철식(Won, Chol-Shik) 한국관광레저학회 2021 관광레저연구 Vol.33 No.4

칠광도(七狂圖)에 표현된 경관분석에 관한 연구

김정식 ( Jung Sik Kim ),김재식 ( Jai Sik Kim ),김정문 ( Jeong Moon Kim ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2008 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.26 No.4

호텔종사원의 웰니스와 직무만족, 조직몰입 및 직무성과와의 구조적 관계연구 - 신체적 웰니스를 중심으로 -

김금영 ( Kim Kum-young ),김정문 ( Kim Jung-moon ),표진배 ( Pyo Jin-bae ) 한국호텔리조트학회(구 한국호텔리조트카지노산학학회) 2016 호텔리조트연구 Vol.15 No.4

This study empirically concentrates a relationship among hotel employees` physical well-ness, job satisfaction, job commitment, and job performance upon physical wellness which is a sub-factor of wellness. Also it provides data about hotel employees` job performance and proposes several suggestions related with wellness to managements as well. For this purpose, the research conducted an empirical testing and studied previous studies. That is say to when employees who face moment of truth (MOT) everyday have high level of satisfaction on their physical wellness, their job satisfaction and job commitment would be enhanced, and it could lead to a beneficial influence on the job performance. The reserch conducted a self-administered survey of deluxe Hotel Employees in Seoul, Busan, Ulsan, Kangwondo, Jeju island. The 308 valid questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0

가람(嘉藍) 이병기 생가(李秉岐 生家) 수우재(守愚齋)에서 찾는 소박함과 선비정신

김정식 ( Jung Sik Kim ),노재현 ( Jae Hyun Rho ),김정문 ( Jeong Moon Kim ),오현경 ( Hyun Kyung Oh ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2010 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.28 No.1

접촉 유한요소모델을 이용한 미니 임플란트의 초기 응력분포 연구

윤현주,정의원,이종석,김창성,김정문,조규성,김종관,최성호,Yoon, Hyun-Joo,Jung, Ui-Won,Lee, Jong-Suk,Kim, Chang-Sung,Kim, Jung-Moon,Cho, Kyoo-Sung,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Choi, Sung-Ho 대한치주과학회 2007 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.37 No.4

Mini implants had been used provisionally for the healing period of implants in the beginning. But it becomes used for the on-going purpose, because it is simple to use, economic and especially suitable for the overdenture. But there is few studies about the stability of mini implants, that is most important factor for the on-going purpose, and particularly the implant parameters affecting the initial stability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress and the strain distribution pattern of immediate-loaded screw type orthodontic mini-implant and the parameters affecting the initial stability of immediate-loaded mini-implant. Two dimensional finite element models were made and contact non-linear finite element analysis was performed. The magnitude and distribution of Von Mises stresses were evaluated. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The stress was concentrated on the thread tip of an implant in the cortical bone. 2. The direction of load is the most important factor for the stress distribution in cortical bone. 3. The diameter of an implant is the most important factor for the stress distribution in the trabecular bone. In conclusion, if the horizontal load vector is successfully controlled, mini-implants, which diameter is under 3mm, can be used for the on-going purpose.

바위글씨로 본 부안 관아와 상소산 일대의 장소정체성

노재현 ( Jae Hyun Rho ),김정문 ( Jeong Moon Kim ),이현우 ( Hyun Woo Lee ),이정한 ( Jung Han Lee ),김대수 ( Dae Soo Kim ) 한국전통조경학회 2012 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.30 No.2

옛 부안 관아(官衙)터 반석(磐石)위에,19세기 초 현감 박시수가 쓴 초대형 초서체 바위글씨 ``봉래동천(蓬萊洞天)·주림(珠林)·옥천(玉泉)``의 의미는 혜천지역의 바위글씨와 맞물려 이 일대가 곧 신선의 세계임을 반증하고 있다. 바위글씨가 집중된 상소산 아래 서림(西林)과 금대(琴臺)그리고 혜천(惠泉)등 경물 지칭의 바위글씨는 이 고장출신으로 여류시인이자 관기(官妓)였던 이매창이 교우했던 인물들과 밀접한 관련성을 보이며,이곳이 부안의 풍류와 선비정신이 교융(交融)된 지역 명소이자 정원 후원으로서의 역사성을 배태한 장소임을 상징한다.이 지역바위글씨의 대부분은 19세기부터 20세기 초반에 걸쳐 각자된 것으로,총 34건 중 경물(景物)관련 4건,경색(景色)관련 8건,인명(人名)관련 5건 그리고 시문(詩文)15건,기타 2건 등으로 분류되었고,전체적으로 시문의 비율이 월등히 높았으며,시문 속 주제어의 중심에는 ``상소산``과 ``혜천``이 자리 잡고 있다.``봉래동천``은 물론 ``소산사호(蘇山四皓)``의 표현이나 연단로에서 제조된 신선의 단약에 비견되는 ``혜천의 샘물``은 신선사상의 영향이 강하게 누적되고 관성화되어 착근된 장소정체성의 단면을 보여주는 경관어휘이자 봉래동천,주림과 옥천 바위글씨의 조합과 조응하는것으로 이 일대가 ``신선의 세계``임을 상징화하고 있다. 헌종11년(1845년)현감 조연명의 인위적인 식수 이후,체계적으로 가꾸어온 숲인 서림과 그 숲에 조성된 정각서림정과 주변에 산재한 ``혜천·금대``등 바위글씨가 새겨진 암반 등은 신선사상이 깃든 관아(官衙)의 후원이자 임천정원(林泉庭苑)으로서의 성격과 면모를 보여주는 흔적이며,이곳에 깃든 장소정체성의 핵심이다.또한 낙토(樂土),부안의 중심인 관아지역과 풍류 시회처(詩會處)로서 후원 혜천지역은 선계 동경적 아취와 상상력을 바탕으로 생활 속의 공간으로 구현 정착되어 왔음을 볼 때,``상소산과 서림``그리고 ``동천과 혜천``의 관련성과 상징성이야말로 이곳 장소정체성의 본질이라 할 만하다. 내변산과 격포지역이 부안관광의 중심인 현실을 볼 때,서림공원 일대의 바위글씨를 중심으로 한 문화유적은 부안의 대표적인 관광명소이자 부안 읍치를 대표하는 역사문화경관으로 자리매김하기를 기대한다. This study aimed at learning the characteristics of place identity of the Buan county hall garden and Sangsosan(上蘇山) by looking over the pattern and content of letter-engraved rocks and nearby facilities and history. Especially, we focused on the meaning and contents of the letters in Sangsosan and a Government Office of Buan engraved on rocks in order to learn what the place means. The results of our study are as follows. Buan-hyun(扶安縣) in the Joseon dynasty period blossomed literary culture of enjoying poetry and melody, and this was faithful realization of the concept of Rakto(樂土) of ``Saengubuan(生居扶安).`` The grand scale letters written by Si-Soo Park(朴蓍壽: 1767~1876), head of the office in the early 19th century, in the cursive style on the basis stone of the garden of Buan county building, which was the site of the office of Buan-hyun in the Joseon dynasty period, such as ``Bongraedongcheon(蓬萊洞天)``, ``Jurim(珠林)``, and ``Okcheon(玉泉)`` mean that ``Bongrae``, the another name of Buan``, is a place where Taoist hermits would live because the spring water of Seorim flows down to be Okcheon., showing his pride of living Buan. The regions like Seorimjeong, Geumdae(琴臺), and Hyecheon(惠泉) where letters engraved on rocks are located intensively are closely related with those who communicated with Mae-Chang Lee(李梅窓: 1573~1610), the slave of the government, and are local attractions and garden traces where the literary culture and scholar`s spirit of Buan are well-harmonized. Most of the letters were written from the 19th century to the early 20th century, showing that 4 for landscapes, 8 for Kyungseck(景色: imaginary scenry), 5 for figures, 15 for poems and 2 for others. The ratio of poems is much higher than that of poems in other regions` letters on rocks, and the keyword of the letters is Haecheon. A piece of the place identity heavily influenced by the Taoist hermit ideology is revealed by the expressions of ``Bongraedongcheon``, ``Sosansaho(蘇山四皓)`` or ``the spring water of Haecheon`` that was considered as an elixir of Taoist hermits. Seorim the forest, which had been managed after Yeon-Myeong Cho(趙然明: 1797~?), head of the office, planted trees in the 11th year of the reign of King Heonjong(1845), Seorimjeong in the forest, and rocks with engraved letters on them are proof of literary culture and the garden traces showing the characteristics and aspect of Imcheon(林泉) Garden of the office heavily influenced by the Taoist hermit ideology. Along with Naebyeon-san national park and Kyeokpo region, the center of Buan tourism, we hope that cultural heritages including rocks with engraved letters over Seorim park would become a representative cultural heritage and attraction of Buan.

상두산(象頭山) 바위글씨의 특징과 경관의미

노재현 ( Jae Hyun Rho ),이정한 ( Jung Han Lee ),허준 ( Joon Huh ),김정문 ( Jeong Moon Kim ) 한국전통조경학회 2012 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구는 전라북도 정읍시와 김제시의 경계에 위치해 있는 상두산 일대 바위글씨의 형식과 내용을 검토하고, 바위글씨가 새겨진 공간의 특성을 파악함으로써 바위글씨의 경관적 의미와 가치를 구명하고자 하였다. 상두산(象頭山,575.3m)은 석가모니가 수행하던 인도의 동명(同名)산에서 유래한 명칭이며,이때,‘상두(象頭)’는 상서로움을 의미한다.조선시대의 고지도와 문헌에서는 풍수도참과 관련된 다수의 명당개념이 전해지고 있어 상두산의 상서로운 이미지를 견고히 하는 요인이 되고 있다.상두산에는 총 4개 수계에 한자로 새겨진 41개의 바위글씨가 존재하는데 바위글씨의 입지는 주로 계곡상 평석 형태의 너럭바위 또는 낙폭이 1m미만인 소폭(小瀑)과 와폭(臥瀑)주변에 새겨져 있는 특징을 보인다.서체는 전서(篆書)를 비롯한 행서(行書)와 초서(草書)등 다양한 형태를 보이고 있는데,일부는 각자인(刻字人)의 성명과 집자(集子)한 바위글씨의 서체가 하나의 작품처럼 인식될정도로 높은 완성도와 예술성을 갖춘 것으로 파악된다.바위글씨를 새기는데 주도적인 역할을 한 인물은 동초(東樵)김석곤(金晳坤)을 비롯한 청계시회(淸溪詩會)회원과 후암(厚庵)김창석(金昌碩),월계(月溪)송영조(宋榮祚)등으로 이들이 새긴 바위글씨는 조선시대 선비의 덕목인 수신(修身)과 관련된 내용이 25건으로,비록 일제강점기이나 선비로서의 자존(自存)을 지키고자 하였음을 보여주며 또 일부는 ‘물외(物外)에서 노니는 탈속(脫俗)의 경지’를 보여주는 내용으로 일제강점기하 선비와 식민지인으로서의 갈등을 표상(表象)한다. 이처럼 상두산 바위글씨는 단지 물리적인 형태뿐만 아니라 민족성을 고취시키는 내용이자 경관상징성을 배가시키는 문화경관 요소로써의 보존적 가치가 크다고 사료된다. This study aimed at learning the values and meanings of the letters carved on the rocks all over Mt. Sangdu located at the boundary between Kimje-si and Jeongeup-si of Jeollabuk-do by grasping the current state of them, investigating the patterns and contents of them, and understanding the spatial and landscape properties of the region where the rocks are scattered. The results of this study are as follows; The name of Mt. Sangdu came from the mountain with the same name located in India where Buddha were seeking the truth, and means auspicious. With the recognition of ancient maps and books, various propitious spots also made the landscape symbols of Mt. Sangdu solidify. Whoam, Chaangsuk-Kim, Weolgye Young-Cho Song and the members of Cheonggye Society like Dongcho Seok-Gon Kim led the creation of the rocks, and the 41 letter-carved rocks all over four water systems were found out and all of them were carved with Chinese characters. The letters were usually carved on flat and broad rocks, and they mainly had the shape of a small waterfall and a wide waterfall of under 1 meter height. 25(60.9%) of the carved letters were about moral training, and it seemed that they wanted to protect their pride under the shackle of the Japanese colonization over Korea. The styles of handwriting are Hangseo and Jeonseo except for names, and show various and complex styles. The mix composition of the carved letters of ‘Yusubulbu(流水不腐)’ of Choseo and the rocks of Takjok(濯足) is extraordinary, and the letters carved as the shape of Nakkwan(落款) have artistic value and degree of finishing. It seemed that intellectuals during the Japanese colonization over Korea in the 1930s considered Mt. Sangdu as a highly valuable region because they expressed their hope and wish for the new world on the rocks. The letters on the rocks of Mt. Sangdu are invaluable cultural landscaping elements for the improvement of landscaping symbolism of Mt. Sangdu because of colliding values and spirits of the time of ``the anguish and pain of intellectuals`` and ``the status of living joyfully outside of the mundane world.``

고객이 지각하는 적정 대기시간에 관한 심층연구

오창호(Oh, Chang-Ho),남경화(SandyNam Jo),김의중(Kim, Eui-Joong),김정문(Kim, Jung-Moon) 한국관광레저학회 2017 한국관광레저학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2017 No.6

문화재 주변 영향검토구역의 유형화 방안

노재현 ( Jae Hyun Rho ),신상섭 ( Sang Sup Shin ),허준 ( Joon Huh ),최종희 ( Jong Hee Choi ),김정문 ( Jung Moon Kim ),박봉주 ( Bong Ju Park ),조운연 ( Un Yeon Jo ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2009 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.27 No.2