석류씨 추출물의 항산화 및 항균활성

고종호,황명오,문주수,황성연,손종연 한국조리과학회 2005 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study was investigated on antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of PSW(pomegranate seed water extract), PSE(pomegranale seed ethanol extract) and PSO(pomegranate seed oil). 'rile extraction yields of PSW, PSE and PSO were 28,9, 13.0 and 4.9%, respectively. Total phenol contents of PSW, PSE and PSO were 47, 78 mg/g(dry basis) and 40 mg/g, respectively. Electron donating abilities of PSW, PSE and PSO at 1,000 ppm were 18.8, 28.5 and 9.7%, respectively. Antioxidative activities in linoleic acid substrates at 500 ppm were in order of 1'SE > a-tocophcrol > PSW > PSO. Antioxidative activities in linoleic acid emulsion substrates at 200 ppm were in order of α-tocopberol > PSE > PSW > PSO, In antimicrobial activity, PSO showed growth inhibition effect against Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella enteritidis and PSW showed growth inhibition effect against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coll. Whereas antimicrobial activity' of PSE was not observed. The nitrite-scavenging abilities of PSW, PSE and PSO at 2,000 ppm were 27.5, 23.7 and 39.6%, respectively. And the SOD-like activities of PSW, PSE and PSO at 1,000 ppm were 15.9, 34.9 and 0.10%, respectively.

초등학생에서 집단따돌림의 유병률과 이와 관련된 정신병리현상

김영신,고윤주,노주선,박민숙,손석한,서동향,김세주,최낙경,홍상의 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 학교폭력의 가장 흔한 형태인 집단따돌림은 피해아동 및 가해아동 모두에서 다양한 행동, 정서 및 사회적 문제와 연관되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 지역사회내의 초등학교 고학년 학생들을 대상으로 집단따돌림의 유병률과 집단따돌림과 관련되어 아동에게 나타나는 정신병리 현상에 대하여 조사하고자 한다. 방 법 : 안양지역의 두 초등학교에서 무선으로 선출된 두 학급의 4, 5, 6학년 학생들이 본 연구의 연구대상이었다. 학생들은 한국형 또래지명설문지(K-PNI)를 완성하였고, 교사 및 부모는 ADHD Rating Scale(ARS)과 Conners 척도를 완성하였으며 부모들은 추가로 아동행동조사표를 완성하였다. 통계방법으로는 기술적 통계, 다중회귀분석 및 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 결 과 : 총 532명의 학생들이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 집단딸돌림의 피해자, 가해자 및 피해자 겸 가해자의 유병률은 각각 48%, 45%, 30%로 나타났다. 심한 집단따돌림의 유병률은 2.1∼4.1% 사이였다. 집단따돌림의 피해아동와 피해자 겸 가해아동들은 교사와 부모에 의해 부주의하고 수동적이며 사회적으로 미성숙하고 공격성이 있는 것으로 평가되었으며 학년이 올라 갈수록 피해자가 되는 경향이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 가해 아동은 행동문제와 관련되어 있었으며 남아에게 많은 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 집단따돌림은 한국 초등학교 고학년 학생들 사이에서 매우 흔하게 일어나는 현상으로 보인다. 집단따돌림의 경험을 한 아동은 그렇지 않은 아동에 비해 더 많은 정신병리 현상을 보였다. 이러한 정신병리와 집단따돌림과의 인과관계를 밝히기 위해서는 집단따돌림을 경험한 아동에 대한 추적 조사가 필요할 것이다. Objective : School bullying, the most prevalent type of school violence, is Know related to various behavioral, emotional and social problems both in victims and per The purpose of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of school bullying psychopathology in a community sample of elementary school students. Method : Fourth to 6^th graders of two randomly selected classes in two elementary Anyang City participated in a cross-sectional study. Study subjects completed Nominating Inventory(K-PNI). Parents completed Korean-Child Behavior Checklist(KADHD Rating Scale(ARS) and Conners Scales for parents, and teachers completed Conners Scales for teachers. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear and logistic regress performed. Results : A Total of 532 students participated in this study. Prevalence of victims, and victim-perpetrators were 48%, 45%, and 30% respectively. Extreme victims and of school bullying ranged from 2.1∼4.1%. Inattention-passivity in teachers' Conn social immaturity or aggression in K-CBCL were positively associated with victims perpetrators, and grade was negatively related to school bullying. Conduct problem in Scale for teachers and emotional instability in K-CBCL, and male gender were positively with perpetrators. Conclusion : School bullying is very common in Korean children of elementary Those who had experienced school bullying, either as victims or as perpetrators, cantly more psychopathology than their counterparts. To clarify a causal relationship psychopathology and school bullying, a longitudinal follow-up study is suggested.

한국형 또래지명 설문지(K-PNI) 개발 연구 : 집단따돌림 측정 도구

김영신,고윤주,노주선 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 집단따돌림은 학교폭력의 한 형태로서 피해 및 가해 학생들이 여러 가지 행동 및 정서장애를 가지고 있는 등 소아청소년 정신과 영역에서 관심을 가져야 하는 분야임에도 불구하고 체계적이며 조직적인 접근이 이루어지지 못하여 왔다. 본 연구에서는 집단따돌림과 또래 괴롭힘에 관한 현상을 객관적이고 효율적으로 평가할 수 있는 한국형 또래지명설문지를 개발하고 이에 대한 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하고자 한다. 방 법 : 안양시 내 2개 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년을 대상으로 K-PNI와 또래수용도, 자아지각 설문지를 실시하였다. 통계방법은 Varimax Rotation Factor Analysis, Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Analysis, Pearson's Correlation Analysis를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 총 532명(남녀비=1 : 1, 학년비=1 : 1 : 1.2)의 학생들이 본 연구에 참여하였다. K-PNI는 집단따돌림의 피해자와 가해자를 잘 구분하고 신뢰도가 0.90∼0.94 사이로 높은 신뢰도를 가진 도구로 평가되었다. K-PNI는 가해자 군과 함께 피해 유형을 소극적인 형태의 따돌림인 소외형과 언어적폭력형을 한 군으로, 또한 좀더 적극적인 형태의 신체적 폭력형과 강압형을 다른 한 군으로 분리할 수 있었다. 또한 K-PNI와 또래수용도, 자아지각 중 신체, 인지 및 사회적 자아지각과는 유의한 상관관계를 보여 K-PNI 피해 및 가해 아동 분류가 타당함을 시사하였다. 결 론 : K-PNI는 집단따돌림 및 또래 괴롭힘의 행동을 객관적으로 구분할 수 있는 높은 신뢰도와 타당도를 가진 도구로서 앞으로의 집단따돌림 및 또래 괴롭힘의 연구에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 도구가 될 것이다. Objectives : School bullying is Known to be related to behavioral, emotional and social problems both in victims and perpetrators. The aims of this study are to develop a Korean-Peer Nomination Inventory(K-PNI), which can identify victims and perpetrators of school bullying in an objective and effective way, and to examine its reliability and validity. Methods : Fourth to 6^th graders of two elementary school in An Yang city completed K-PNI, Peer Acceptance Scale and Self-Perception Scale. Varimax Rotation Factor Analysis, Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Analysis and Pearson's Correlational Analysis were performed for statistical analyses. Results : Total of 532 students(male : female=1 : 1 : 4^th : 5^th : 6^th grader=1 : 1 : 1.2) par-ticipate in this study. Factor analysis showed that K-PNI identified victims and perpetrators of school bullying effectively with excellent reliability(Chrobach's alpha ; 0.90-0.94). Victims were further divided into two categories ; passive bullying including exclusion and verbal abuse, and active bullying including physical abuse and being forced. K-PNI, Peer acceptance scale and Self-perception scale were significantly correlated, reflecting its validity identifying victims and perpetrators of school bullying. Conclusion : K-PNI is an effective tool with excellent reliability and validity to identify victims and perpetrators of school bullying. K-PNI is expected to be a useful tool in future studies of school bullying and school violence.

인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

청소년 식이태도와 식이행동의 횡문화적 연구

백영석,안동현,조연규,남정현,최보율,강윤주,고복자 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.3

연구목적 : 청소년을 대상으로 장애가 있는 식이태도 및 식이행동과 관련된 요인들에서 인종과 문화적 차이가 있는가를 보는 것이다. 방 법 : 1996년도에 3129명의 중고등학교 남녀 학생을 대상으로 학교 장면에서 신체 계측과 설문지를 통하여 수집하였으며 연령은 13세부터 16세 사이의 학생들로 분포되었다. 학생들의 분포는 서울 지역의 663명, 양평 지역의 821명, 조선족이 사는 연길 지역의 830명 그리고 한족이 사는 길림 지역의 815명이었으며, 그들은 모두 키, 몸무게, 신체질량지수, 부모의 수입, 아버지의 학력, 체중조절 설문지, 신체상 척도 및 식이태도검사 등의 내용을 완성하였다. 결 과 : 신체질량지수(BMI)에서는 지역, 성별, 사회경제적 상태에 따른 차이가 없었다. 연길과 길림 지역의 학생들이 서울과 양평 지역의 학생들보다 심한 저체중과 심한 과체중을 갖는 학생들이 많았다. 연길과 길림 지역의 학생들이 서울과 양평의 학생들보다 식이태도검사(EAT-26)의 평균치가 높아 식이태도와 식이행동이 나빴다. EAT-26의 20점 이상인 식이장애의 고위험군은 연길 지역의 학생이 6.9%로 네 집단 중에서 가장 많았다. 한국의 양평지역과 서울 지역의 학생들이 신체상 척도(BIS)의 평균치가 연길 지역과 길림 지역의 학생들보다 의미있게 높았다. 즉 한국의 학생들이 중국의 학생들보다 자신의 신체에 대하여 부정적인 생각을 갖고 있었다. 체중조절 행동의 유병율은 서울 지역 학생들이 26.7%, 양평 지역 학생들이 23.2%, 연길 지역 학생들이 10.6%, 그리고 길림 지역 학생들이 4.6%이었다. 식이조절과 운동은 한국의 학생들이, 식이조절과 약물사용은 중국의 학생들이 가장 많이 하는 방법이었다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통하여 한국과 중국에서도 식이장애가 결코 적지 않을 것이라는 사실을 확인하였고, 식이장애는 인종과 사회문화적 요인에 의해 크게 영향을 받는다는 것, 마지막으로 식이태도와 식이행동 및 그와 관련된 요인들을 통해서 네 지역간의 문화전이 상태를 확인할 수 있었다. Objectives : The goal of this research was to attempt to examine ethnic and cultural differences in factors associated with disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Methods : Data were collected from the four groups of 3,129 high school students aged between 13 and 16 years who completed school-based survey conducted in 1996. The students (663 Korean urban, 821 Korean rural, 830 Korean-Chinese and 815 Chinese adolescents) completed an instrument which assessed weight, height, Body Mass Index(BMI), parental income, father's level of education, weight control questionnaire, Body Image Scale(BIS), and eating attitudes and behaviors using the Eating Attitude Test-26(EAT-26). Results : BMI did not vary significantly by race, sex, and socioeconomic status. There were many severely underweight and severely overweight students among Korean-Chinese and Chinese than among Korean urban and Koran rural students. The EAT-26 mean scores of Korean-Chinese and Chinese subjects were significantly higher than those of Korean urban and Korean rural subjects. The EAT-26 mean score of Korean-Chinese was the highest among the four racial groups. The prevalence of high risk EAT-26(EAT-26≥20) students of Korean-Chinese was 6.9% which was the highest among the four groups. The BIS mean scores of Korean rural and Korean urban subjects were significantly higher than those of Korean-Chinese and Chinese subjects. The Korean subjects were more dissatisfied with their body than the Chinese. The prevalences of weight control behaviors were 26.7% in Korean urban, 23.2% in Korean rural, 10.6% in Korean-Chinese, and 4.6% in Chinese subjects. Dieting and exercise were most popular for weight reducing in Korean subjects. Dieting and drug use were most popular in Chinese subjects. Conclusion : These data suggest that there must be many eating disorder patients in Korea and China, and the eating attitudes and behaviors are influenced by ethnic and cultural factors. Implications for understanding sociocultural influence on eating attitudes and behaviors and acculturation are discussed.

청소년의 식이행태 조사 : 서울·양평 두 지역간 비교 The Comparison of Urban and Rural Areas

최준호,안동현,최보율,강윤주,백영석,조연규,고복자,남정현 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1998 精神健康硏究 Vol.17 No.-

Characterization and genetic analysis of Hwacheong sugary-2 mutant in rice

Yun Joo Lee,Min-Seon Choi,Rihua Piao,Eunbyeol Koh,Hee-Jong Koh 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

Two sugary mutants, Hwacheong sugary-1 (Hsu1) and Hwacheong sugary-2 (Hsu2) were obtained by chemical mutagenesis from japonica cultivar, Hwacheongbyeo. Sugary mutants exhibited wrinkled and translucent grain with high soluble sugar content. In addition, amber-colored endosperm of sugary mutants was loosely packed due to abnormal starch granules compared to densely packed wild-type. Especially, the grain of Hsu2 mutant was less wrinkled than that of Hsu1, thus Hsu2 can be polished easily. Previous studies reveal that su1 mutant was resulted from mutation in gene for a debranching enzyme, isoamylase but the sequence of the mutated gene has not been identified. To identify the sequence of sugary genes, the map-based cloning strategy was applied. The genetic study revealed that the phenotype of Hsu2 mutant was controlled by two recessive genes. Interestingly, one of the genes was located on chromosome 8 at the position of isoamylase which was known as su-1. This indicates that mutation in isoamylase gene causes sugary endosperm characteristics. However we found different mutation points between the Hsu1 and Hsu2. The point mutation in Hsu1 was occurred at 10th exon whereas the other mutation related with Hsu2 was occurred at 15th exon. As mentioned above, the Hsu2 mutant has less wrinkled shape and less soluble sugar content than the Hsu1 mutant. Thus, we hypothesize that the other gene controlling Hsu2 mutant phenotype may have a role in weakening the effect of the su-1. Further study on the other gene associated with the Hsu2 phenotype is in progress.

아동 물활론의 발달과 생명개념

고윤주(Yun Joo Koh) 한국아동학회 1988 아동학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the view that animism is a result of immature concepts of life. Two studies were conducted for this purpose Study I examined developmental trends in animistic thinking and Study II examined children`s knowledge of living things. The subjects of Study I were 10 males and 10 females at each level, 6, 8, 11 and 14 years of age and university students, for a total of 100 subjects. The subjects of Study II were 9 boys and 9 girls at each age level, 6, 7 and 8 years of age and university students, for a total of 78 subjects. According to the results of study I and study II, animistic thinking decreased up to middle childhood but increased at later childhood and adulthood. The conception of living things was acquired at 7 years of age. All things considered, there was no evidence that animism is a result of immature concepts of life.

청소년기 초기의 부모-자녀 및 친구 관계

고윤주(Koh Yun Joo) 한독교육학회 2001 교육의 이론과 실천 Vol.6 No.1

Individualism and collectivism as a dimension of cultural diversity were applied to the research of social relations in adolescence. The purpose of the present study was to investigate parent-child relations and friendships of 119 14-year-old Korean and German adolescents. The participants reported daily for a week about social contacts with significant people in their lives regarding 9 social functions. The Korean adolescents who live in a collectivism-oriented society and the German adolescents who belong to an individualism-oriented society had different criteria to classify social relations: While the issue of ‘blood-relationship’ was an important factor in social contacts of Korean participants, ‘age’ of persons was more important than any other variables for German participants. The Korean adolescents tended to avoid conflicts with parents and compared themselves with their friends more than did German adolescents. In contrast, German adolescents had more conflict with their parents and friends than did Korean adolescents, but their self-esteem was more supported by both relations. Differences between both countries in the tendency to encourage independence and individuality of adolescents were considered as one important reason for the cultural differences.

악성 임파종에서 혈청 β2-microglobulin 에 관한 연구

고은희,김현숙,한지숙,김주항,이삼열,김병수,고윤웅,윤진우,전상일 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Rata 2 microglobulin, a low molecular weight polypeptide, exists in the plasma membrane of all nucleated cells and its normal serum concentration, in free form, is in the range of 1, 500 to 2,000 μg/L, Serum β2-microglobulin is increased in malignant tumors especially in B-cell lymphopro-liferative disorders, and thus the serum concentration is of help for the diagnosis, therapeutic response and prognosis of these disorders. The author attempted to correlate the serum β2-microglobulin levels and the clinical courses of malignant Iymphomas, in 35 patients with malignant lymphoma showing normal BUN and serum creatinine levels. These patients were collected from the in-patients of Severance Hospital, Yonsei Medical Center during September 1984 to July 1985. As a control group, the serum β2-microglobulin levels of 38 healthy subjects were also measured. The following results were obtained: 1) The serum β2-microglobulin in 38 healthy subjects was 1,827±546 μg/L. The serum β2-mic-roglobulin of 35 patients with malignant lymphoma revealed 2.298±1.117μg/L. The serum p, microgiobulin in 35 patients with malignant lymphoma was higher than that of control group significantly(p$lt;0.05). 2) The serum β2-microglobulin level according to clinical stage showed increasing tendency with higher with higher stages. Fourteen patients of stage I or II showed the mean serum β2-microglobulin level of 1,660±688 μg/L and 19 patients of stage g or p showed 2,754±1,196 μg/L. The statistical difference he tween those 2 groups was significant(p$lt;0.005), The serum β2-microglobulin was increased($gt;2,000ug/L) in 35.7% of stage I and g, and 77.8% of stage g and IV untreated active malignant lymphoma. Among the non-Hod-gkin's lymphoma group(n=29), serum β2-microg-lobulin was increased in 35.7% of patients of stage I and in 78.5% of those of stage III and IV. The same increased level was observed in 75.0Fo of Hodgkin's disease(n=4) of stage III and IV. 3) The serum β2-microglobulin level of 16 patients with the systemic symptoms(B symptom) was 2,870±1,203ug/L and 17 patients without B symptom was 1,744±765ug/L(pg0,005). 4) In 13 Patients. serum β2-microglobulin levels were monitored prior to and after the treatment. Six of these patients were responsive to the treatment and their serum β2-microglobulin levels prior to treatment were rather lower than normal. Serum β2-microglobulin level decreased as their clinical courses improves. On the other hand, the other 7 patients who had considerably high serum β2-microglobulin levels showed the increasing tendency of its levels inspite of the treatment. Based on these studies, it can be suggested that the serum β2-microglobulin determination is a valuable laboratory study in following up malignant lymphoma.