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송재훈,정기석,강문원,김도진,배현주,서지영,심태선,안중현,안철민,우준희,이남용,이동건,이미숙,이상무,이영선,이혁민,정두련,지역사회획득 폐렴 치료지침 제정위원회 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.3
A successful therapy of community-acquired pneumonia requires appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens of pneumonia can differ by country. Therefore, an ideal treatment guideline of community-acquired pneumonia should be based on the studies performed in each country. We developed a treatment guideline for community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults in Korea. This guideline was developed by the joint committee of the Korean Society for Chemotherapy, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory diseases.
남재도,이기준,김성우 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.35 No.3
기존의 수지이동성형(RTM) 공정으로는 성형공법상의 문제점으로 인해 수지의 충전 및 경화단계에서 발생된 기공을 효과적으로 제거하기 어려우며, 또한 섬유 부피함량이 높은 고성능 복합재료 제조의 적용에 한계가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 압력용기(autoclave)를 이용한 새로운 ARTM(Advanced Resin Transfer Molding)공정 시스템을 개발하였다. 초기에 금형내부를 적절한 진공상태로 유지하면서 충전 이후 경화단계에서는 압력용기에 의한 외부압력으로 굳힘 (consolidation) 효과를 유도함으로써 기공이 효과적으로 제거되었을 뿐만 아니라, 55±2%의 고섬유 부피 함량을 갖는 탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재료를 성형할 수 있었다. 수지 충전 압력 및 굳힘 압력은 압력용기에 의해서 연속적으로 조절되었다. 또한 고성능 복합재료 제조를 위한 ARTM 공정변수와 성형품의 구조적 특성과의 관계를 규명하기 위하여, 굳힘 압력, 수지 함량 조절, 그리고 표면 형질재 등의 공정변수가 기공생성에 미치는 영향을 ARTM 성형 실험을 통하여 조사하였다. 시로 다른 구조를 갖는 여러 섬유직조망에 대한 등방성 및 비등방성 투과성 계수를 유동 가시화 실험을 통하여 정량적으로 결정하였으며, 유한요소/관할부피 방법을 도입한 수치모사를 이용하여 ARTM 공정의 충전 및 경화단계에서 유동선단의 위치와 탄소섬유/에폭시계의 경화도를 예측하였다. Conventional RTM process is limited use for the production of advanced composite materials, since RTM process due to its inherent processing problems has difficulties in effectively removing voids formed during resin filling and curing stage as well as loading high fiber volume. In this work, Advanced Resin Transfer Molding(ARTM) process using autoclave was developed to overcome problems such as low fiber content and void formation encountered in conventional RTM. The experimental results showed that void-free epoxy/carbon fiber composites of 55±2% fiber volume fraction could be produced by the ARTM process only when internal vacuum was initially applied and consolidation effect was induced by the autoclave pressure. In ARTM process, the mold-filling pressure and the consolidation pressure were controlled by the autoclave in a continuous fashion. In addition, the processing variables of consolidation pressure, resin bleeding, and surface formers were investigated to identify the ARTM processing and structural characteristics for high performance composite materials. Visualizing the resin-front advancement, isotropic or anisotropic permeabilities of several reinforcement fabrices were collectively determined based on Darcy's law. A finite element/control volume method was used to predict the flow front advancement and degree of cure during the ARTM process.
유도시간이 포함된 불포화 폴리에스터의 라디칼 메커니즘에 기초한 경화 반응 해석 연구
남재도,이기준,윤영민,오경성 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.35 No.5
본 연구에서는 반응열이 발생하지 않으면서 일정한 시간이 경과하는 초기 유도시간이 필요한 불포화 폴리에스터 수지의 경화 반응 속도를 실험과 모델링을 통하여 해석하였다. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)에서 측정되는 초기 유도시간과 최대 속도 시간은 모두 Arrhenius식에 따르는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이에 따라 얻어진 활성화에너지는 90.7KJ/mole로서 동일한 값을 보여주었다. 이에 따라 다양한 온도에서 얻어진 경화반응 데이터는 온도-시간 중첩원리에 의하여 마스터 커브(reduced plot)로 중첩될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 본 연구에서는 최대속도 시간을 기준으로 하여 불포화 폴리에스터의 경화 마스터 커브를 성공적으로 구할 수 있었다. 불포화 폴리에스터 수지의 자유라디칼 중합을 묘사하기 위하여 라디칼과 단량체의 반응 메커니즘을 적절히 표현한 두 개의 연립 속도식을 제안하였으며 이때 반응의 개시 효율과 단량체 반응 속도의 전환율 의존 함수를 power law로 표현하였다. 이렇게 개발된 경화 속도 모델은 기존의 모델에 비하여 현저히 적은 총 5개의 파라미터를 포함하고 있으나, 초기 유도시간을 거쳐서 자촉매 반응거동을 보여주는 일련의 경화과정을 정량적으로 정확하게 표현할 수 있음을 확인하였다. Curing kinetics of unsaturated polyester resin system exhibiting apparent induction periods was investigated by modeling free radical initiation and propagation processes. The isothermal curing induction period as well as the maximum-rate time provided the same activation energy in the Arrhenius relation, and therefore the isothermal curing master curve was constructed by using the reduced time method. Two model elementary rate equations for radical and monomer were proposed to describe the free radical polymerization of unsaturated polyester resin systems. The power law was adopted to express the conversion dependence function of the initiation efficiency and the monomer reaction rate. Demonstrating the capability of the developed model, the agreement between experimental and predicted data was excellent in both isothermal and dynamic-heating conditions, even with the same model parameters in different thermal condition.
Bowel Preparation for Capsule Endoscopy: A Prospective Randomized Multicenter Study
( Jun Hwan Wi ),( Jeong Seop Moon ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Jin Oh Kim ),( Jae Hyuk Do ),( Ji Kon Ryu ),( Ki Nam Shim ),( Kwang Jae Lee ),( Byung Ik Jang ),( Hoon Jai Chun ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2009 Gut and Liver Vol.3 No.3
Background/Aims: The ability to visualize the small bowel mucosa by capsule endoscopy is limited. Moreover, studies involving small-bowel preparation with purgative drugs have failed to establish which preparations produce better images and higher diagnostic yields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacies and diagnostic yields of different bowel preparations. Methods: A cohort of 134 patients with suspected small bowel disease was randomly assigned to 3 groups. Patients in group A (n=44) fasted for 12 h before being administered an M2A capsule (Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel). Patients in group B (n=45) were asked to drink two doses of 45 mL of sodium phosphate (NaP) with water during the afternoon and evening on the day before the procedure and to drink at least 2 L of water thereafter. Patients in group C (n=45) drank 2 L of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) lavage solution the evening before the procedure. Results: Overall cleansing of the small bowel was adequate in 43% of patients in group A, 77% of those in group B, and 56% of those in group C (group A vs group B, p=0.001). Diagnoses for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding were established in 9 patients (39%) in group A, 16 patients (69%) in group B, and 14 patients (50%) in group C. No significant difference in diagnostic yield was observed between groups. Conclusions: Bowel preparation with NaP for capsule endoscopy improved small-bowel mucosal visualization when compared to 12-h overnight fasting. (Gut and Liver 2009;3:180-185)
Park, Jeong-Woong,Jang, Hyun-Jun,Shin, Sangsu,Cho, Hyun-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Kim, Nam-Young,Lee, Hak-Kyo,Do, Kyong-Tak,Song, Ki-Duk,Cho, Byung-Wook Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.6
The purpose of this study was to investigate the alternative splicing in equine cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein-like 1 (COBLL1) gene that was identified in horse muscle and blood leukocytes, and to predict functional consequences of alternative splicing by bioinformatics analysis. In a previous study, RNA-seq analysis predicted the presence of alternative spliced isoforms of equine COBLL1, namely COBLL1a as a long form and COBLL1b as a short form. In this study, we validated two isoforms of COBLL1 transcripts in horse tissues by the real-time polymerase chain reaction, and cloned them for Sanger sequencing. The sequencing results showed that the alternative splicing occurs at exon 9. Prediction of protein structure of these isoforms revealed three putative phosphorylation sites at the amino acid sequences encoded in exon 9, which is deleted in COBLL1b. In expression analysis, it was found that COBLL1b was expressed ubiquitously and equivalently in all the analyzed tissues, whereas COBLL1a showed strong expression in kidney, spinal cord and lung, moderate expression in heart and skeletal muscle, and low expression in thyroid and colon. In muscle, both COBLL1a and COBLL1b expression decreased after exercise. It is assumed that the regulation of COBLL1 expression may be important for regulating glucose level or switching of energy source, possibly through an insulin signaling pathway, in muscle after exercise. Further study is warranted to reveal the functional importance of COBLL1 on athletic performance in race horses.