HCC : Vascular Enhancement Patterns of HCC with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

( Hae Lim Baek ),( Yun Soo Kim ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Oh Sang Kwon ),( Ju Hyun Kim ),( Duck Joo Choi ),( Yeon Suk Kim ),( Yang Suh Ku ),( Seung Jun Jang ),( Seung Kak Shin ),( Hyunhwa Yoon ),( Soo Yon 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background: Classic enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with dynamic CT or MRI includes hyperenhancement in arterial phase and hypoenhancement during portal and delayed phase. It is known that vascular pattern after SonoVue injection is similar to that observed with CT or MRI. However, atypical enhancement and washout pattern are not unusually encountered with CEUS. We have studied CEUS patterns of HCC in 32 consecutive patients with HCC. Methods: 32 HCCs were analysed(mean age 55.5, 6 females, 26 males). Twenty two were diagnosed with liver biopsy, and in 10 patients diagnosis was made with typical dynamic CT or MRI findings. CEUS using SonoVue(Bracco, Milan, Italy) were performed. Arterial, portal and delayed phases were determined as -30s, 31-120s and 121-360s. Results: HBsAg and anti-HCV were positive in 24 (75%) and 5 (15%) patients, respectively. Mean tumor size was 5.3±4.3 cm (1.1-20.0 cm). Mean serum alpha fetoprotein was 9,174 ng/mL (1.3-200,000 ng/mL). All the HCCs showed arterial enhancement (hyper or iso-). Arterial hyperenhancement was observed in 26 (81%) lesions, and remaining 6 (19%) HCCs showed isoenhancement relative to the adjacent liver parenchyme. Hypoenhancement (wash-out) in portal phase was observed in only 9 (28%) lesions (mean diameter: 5.1±4.2 cm), and remaining 23 lesions (72%) were isodense in portal phase (mean diameter: 5.4±4.5 cm). Hypoenhancement in delayed phase was observed in 28 lesions (88%) (mean diameter: 5.8±4.4 cm). And remaining 4 lesions showed persistent isoenhancement until 6 min, and their mean diameter was 2.2±0.9 cm (P=0.126). Enhancement during arterial phase, isoenhancement during portal and hypoenhancement during delayed phase was observed in 19 (59%) lesions, which was most common enhancement pattern. Conclusions: Arterial hyperenhancement with isodense portal phase and hypoenhancement in delayed phase was most common CEUS finding in HCC. It seems that tumor size affects on the hypoenhancement during delayed phase in CEUS.

Isolated Infective Endocarditis on Pulmonary Valve Caused by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in Patient with Ventricular Septal Defect

Hae Lim Baek,Yong Kyun Cho,Mi-Seung Shin,Song Mi Moon,Suyoung Kim,Kang-lock Lee,Young Rock Jang,Woo Suk Choi 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2013 中央醫大誌 Vol.38 No.4

Infective endocarditis caused by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, which is one of the members of HACEK group, is rare and mitral valve is known as a prominently affected site in most cases. We report a case of isolated pulmonary valve infective endocarditis caused by A. aphrophilus in a patient with congenital heart disease. Twenty five-year-old woman with ventricular septal defect visited our hospital complaining fever lasting 3 weeks. Not any vegetation was observed at transthoracic echocardiography due to limited echo window. However, transesophageal echocardiography showed a small vegetation attached to the pulmonary valve. The patient was successfully treated with ceftriaxone for 4 weeks.

Effect of Methanol Extract from Cassia mimosoides var. nomame on Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Renal Injury in Rats

( Hae Sook Baek ),( Sun Ha Lim ),( Ki Sung Ahn ),( Jong Won Lee ) 대한본초학회 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.6

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the methanol extract of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino, a naturally growing plant in Korea, could prevent the renal-ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model or not. Methods : The radical scavenging activities of the extracts, and ascorbic acid as a positive control, were measured in vitro. At one hour after an intraperitoneal injection of the extract (400 mg/kg), renal ischemia/reperfusion injury was generated by 40 min clamping of the left renal artery in rats. After renal ischemia/reperfusion and 24 hr restoration of blood circulation, the serum creatinine concentration was measured. And the extent of epithelial cell injury and apoptosis was assessed by various staining technologies. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activated caspase-3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results : The extract showed a slightly lower level of radical scavenging activity than that of ascorbic acid. Compared to those of the vehicle-treated group, the extract-treated group displayed a significantly smaller tubular epithelial cell injury of 54% reduction in the outer medulla region and a lower serum creatinine concentration of 50% reduction. It seems that the reduction in cellular injury is due to the attenuation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the inhibition of caspase-3 activation by the extract of Cassia mimosoides. Conclusions : Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino could be a good candidate for a prophylactic agent against the ischemia/reperfusion?induced kidney injury.

Corynebacterium세균의 이종간 원형질체 융합에 의한 재조합주의 유전학적 분석과 L-glutamate 와 L-glutamine 생성

백선영,이혜경,최순영,김종욱,이세배,임번삼,민경희 한국산업미생물학회 1990 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.18 No.3

자외선 조사와 NTG를 처리하여 Brevibacterium flavum 10AHR(arg his Rif^r)과 Corynebacterium glutamicum 11TS(trp Sm^r)의 돌연변이주를 분리하였다. B. flavum 10AHR과 C. glutamicum 11TS를 300㎍/㎖의 lysozyme으로 18시간 처리하여 원형질체를 형성하고, 융합시 30%의 PEG 6,000으로 처리하였을 때 가장 높은 3.7×10 exp(-6)의 융합빈도를 나타내었다. 재조합주의 유전적 분석결과 재조합주들은 FMM(Rif^r Sm^r), FA(Rif^r Sm^r arg), FH(Rif^r Sm^r his), FT(Rif^r Sm^r trp), FAH(Rif^r Sm^r arg his), FAT(Rif^r Sm^r arg trp), FAHT(Rif^r Sm^r arg his trp)으로 분류되었다. FAH에 속하는 균주들은 대부분 모균주에 비해 glutamate와 glutamine의 생산성이 월등히 증가하였으며, FAH1의 경우 glutamate 생성에 있어 모균주인 B. flavum 10AHR에 비해 12배, glutamine은 모균주인 C. glutamicum 11TS에 비해 2.6배 정도 생성이 현저히 증가하였다. 재조합주들의 효소활성을 측정해본 결과 glutamate와 glutamine의 생성량은 GDH와 GS의 활성도와 각각 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. For interspecific portoplast fusion, Brevibacterium flavum 10AHR(Rif^r arg his) and Corynebacterium glutamicum 11TS(Sm^r trp) were induced by UV and NTG treatment. The protoplast fusion frequency between B. flavum 10AHR and C. glutamicum 11TS was 3.7×10 exp(-6) with the lysozyme treatment(300㎍/㎖) for 18 hrs. Genotypes of recombinants were analized as FMM(Rif^r Sm^r), FA (Rif^r Sm^r arg), FH(Rif^r Sm^r his), FT(Rif^r Sm^r trp), FAH(Rif^r Sm^r arg trp), FAT(Rif^r Sm^r arg trp), and FAHT(Rif^r Sm^r arg his trp). FAH 1 produced 12 fold of glutamate production compared to parental type, B. flavum 10AHR. In glutamine productivity, it produced 2.6 fold to parental type, C. glutamicum 11TS. Production of glutamate or glutamine by recombinants was involved in the specific activities of glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH) and glutamine synthetase(GS), respectively.

Hot Water Extract of Triticum aestivum L. (Common Wheat) Ameliorates Renal Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion

( Hae Sook Baek ),( Sun Ha Lim ),( Ki Sung Ahn ),( Jong Won Lee ) 대한본초학회 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

Objectives : Interruption and subsequent restoration of blood flow into the kidney result in renal injury. As an approach to preventing the renal injury, we determined the optimal conditions and the underlying mechanisms by which supernatant of hot water extract of ground Triticum aestivum L. (extract) attenuated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods : One hour after administration of the extract (400 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection, renal I/R injury was generated by clamping the left renal artery in rats after surgical removal of the right kidney, followed by reperfusion. The maximal difference between the vehicle-treated and the extract-treated group under ketamine/xylazine or enflurane anesthetization was assessed at varying periods of ischemia (30-45 min) and reperfusion (3-48 hr), based on the renal function assessed with serum creatinine levels, tissue injury with hematoxylin/eosin staining, and apoptosis with terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. Results : Enflurane anesthetization with 40 min of ischemia and 24 hr of reperfusion was identified to be the optimal condition, under which condition serum creatinine levels and tubular damage in the extract-treated group were significantly reduced compared with those in the vehicle-treated group (1.3±0.2 versus 2.7±0.3 mg/dL, P < 0.01, and average score 1.8±0.1 versus 3.5±0.3, P < 0.01, respectively). These beneficial effects were mediated by inhibition of apoptotic cascades through attenuation of renal tissue malondialdehyde levels, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 levels. Conclusions : The extract conferred renal protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by scavenging reactive oxygen species and consequently blocking apoptotic cascades, plausibly augmented by enflurane protection.

Methanol Extract of Goat’s-beard (Aruncus dioicus) Reduces Renal Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion

Hae Sook Baek,Sun Ha Lim,Ki Sung Ahn,Jongwon Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.17 No.2

Interruption or prolonged reduction and subsequent restoration of blood flow into the kidney triggers the generation of a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to injury in the tubular epithelial cells. In this study, we determined whether methanol extract of goat’s-beard (Aruncus dioicus) (extract) could prevent this ischemia/reperfusion injury. When in vitro radical scavenging activity of the extract was measured using a DPPH radical quenching assay, the extract displayed slightly lower activity than ascorbic acid. One hour after administration of the extract (400 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection in rats, renal ischemia/reperfusion injury was generated by clamping the left renal artery for forty minutes, followed by 24 hr restoration of blood circulation. Prior to clamping the left renal artery, the right renal artery was removed. Compared with the vehicle-treated group, pretreatment with the extract significantly reduced the tubular epithelial cell injury by 37% in the outer medulla region, and consequently reduced serum creatinine concentration by 39%. Reduction in the cell injury was mediated by attenuation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, inhibition of caspase-3 activation from procaspase-3, and subsequent reduction in the number of apoptotic cells. Thus, goat’s-beard (Aruncus dioicus) might be developed as a prophylactic agent to prevent acute kidney injury.

Clinical, Histopathological, and Molecular Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

Lim, Dong-Jun,Baek, Ki-Hyun,Lee, Youn-Soo,Park, Woo-Chan,Kim, Mee-Kyoung,Kang, Moo-Il,Jeon, Hae-Myung,Lee, Jong-Min,Yun-Cha, Bong,Lee, Kwang-Woo,Son, Ho-Young,Kang, Sung-Koo Mary Ann Liebert 2007 Thyroid Vol.17 No.9

Ultrasound-Guided Infraorbital Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment for Intractable Postherpetic Neuralgia - A Case Report -

Lim, Seung Mo,Park, Hae Lang,Moon, Hyong Yong,Kang, Kyung Ho,Kang, Hyun,Baek, Chong Hwa,Jung, Yong Hun,Kim, Jin Yun,Koo, Gill Hoi,Shin, Hwa Yong The Korean Pain Society 2013 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.26 No.1

A 60-year-old man presented with pain on the left cheek and lateral nose. The patient had been diagnosed with facial herpes zoster in the left V2 area 6 months previously. Medical treatment was prescribed for 6 months but it had little effect. We blocked the left infraorbital nerve under ultrasound guidance, but pain relief was short term. Therefore, we performed pulsed radiofrequency treatment on the left infraorbital nerve under ultrasound guidance. Six months after the procedure, the reduction of pain was still maintained, and there was no need for further management.

Effect of Methanol Extract from Cassia mimosoides var. nomame on Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Renal Injury in Rats

Baek, Hae Sook,Lim, Sun Ha,Ahn, Ki Sung,Lee, Jong Won The Korea Association of Herbology 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.6

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine whether the methanol extract of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino, a naturally growing plant in Korea, could prevent the renal-ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model or not. Methods : The radical scavenging activities of the extracts, and ascorbic acid as a positive control, were measured in vitro. At one hour after an intraperitoneal injection of the extract (400 mg/kg), renal ischemia/reperfusion injury was generated by 40 min clamping of the left renal artery in rats. After renal ischemia/reperfusion and 24 hr restoration of blood circulation, the serum creatinine concentration was measured. And the extent of epithelial cell injury and apoptosis was assessed by various staining technologies. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activated caspase-3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results : The extract showed a slightly lower level of radical scavenging activity than that of ascorbic acid. Compared to those of the vehicle-treated group, the extract-treated group displayed a significantly smaller tubular epithelial cell injury of 54% reduction in the outer medulla region and a lower serum creatinine concentration of 50% reduction. It seems that the reduction in cellular injury is due to the attenuation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the inhibition of caspase-3 activation by the extract of Cassia mimosoides. Conclusions : Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino could be a good candidate for a prophylactic agent against the ischemia/reperfusion/induced kidney injury.

Methanol Extract of Goat's-beard (Aruncus dioicus) Reduces Renal Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion

Baek, Hae-Sook,Lim, Sun-Ha,Ahn, Ki-Sung,Lee, Jong-Won The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2012 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.17 No.2

Interruption or prolonged reduction and subsequent restoration of blood flow into the kidney triggers the generation of a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to injury in the tubular epithelial cells. In this study, we determined whether methanol extract of goat's-beard (Aruncus dioicus) (extract) could prevent this ischemia/reperfusion injury. When in vitro radical scavenging activity of the extract was measured using a DPPH radical quenching assay, the extract displayed slightly lower activity than ascorbic acid. One hour after administration of the extract (400 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection in rats, renal ischemia/reperfusion injury was generated by clamping the left renal artery for forty minutes, followed by 24 hr restoration of blood circulation. Prior to clamping the left renal artery, the right renal artery was removed. Compared with the vehicle-treated group, pretreatment with the extract significantly reduced the tubular epithelial cell injury by 37% in the outer medulla region, and consequently reduced serum creatinine concentration by 39%. Reduction in the cell injury was mediated by attenuation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, inhibition of caspase-3 activation from procaspase-3, and subsequent reduction in the number of apoptotic cells. Thus, goat's-beard (Aruncus dioicus) might be developed as a prophylactic agent to prevent acute kidney injury.