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이종만 안양대학교 1997 논문집 Vol.17 No.-
Almost all of the characters in Thomas Hardy's(1840 - 1928) works die tragically or meet tragical fates, and it has been said Hardy is a pessimist. But in his biography he insists that he be a distinctly meliorist. He says that what his books are but one plea against man's inhumanity to man-to woman-and to the lower animals. In this essay I have studied what kinds of tragedies the characters meet and how they meet them. Here I have studied how the words 'Immanent Will' which the author calls show themselves in his works. Once in explaining 'Immanent Will' the author said the human race to be shown as one great network or tissue which quivers in every part when one point is shaken, like a spider's web, if touched. Here I tried to show how the characters' destinies fall to tragedies and what the causes of tragedies are in concrete. First, Nature is an organic living whole, and its constituent parts, even the inanimate parts, have a life and personalitiy for their own. It is unified on a great scale through both time and space. Second, Heredity. What Tess commits is the hereditary quality, to which Hardy more than once alludes, working out in this improverished descendant of a once noble family. Third, Chance. Destiny is a inscrutable force: we do not understand its nature or intentions. And we cannot therefore predict what it will do. Forth, Character. In Hardy's tragedy we find the tragic protagonist, defined for his role by a tragic greatness in character alone that intensifies the sense of life, and flawed by a tragic vulnerability that unfits him for the particular tragic situation he has to force. Fifth, Social Institutions. Tragedy may be created by an opposing environment either of things inherent in the universe, or of human institutions.
이종만,곽현준,김영근,백기현,조철현 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2001 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.3 No.3
It is very important to survey in construction for acquiring in formations about geological structure which influencethe tunnel construction. Usually, TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction) one of the seismic survey method in tunnels inKorea has been used for prediction of geological condition ahe ad of tunnel face, but in this study HSP(HorizontalSeismic Profiling) was used. As a result of field applicatio n, we predicted that there exist rock discontinuity such asfault, joints and bedding planes. In addition, RMR value from r ock mass evaluation coincided with that from seismicsurvey for rock condition. We compared with rock classifications and evaluation results fo r proving.