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황동환,양광모,강경식 대한안전경영과학회 2014 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.16 No.4
Fire detectors are designed to minimize loss of life from a fire alarm system as an alarm to help evacuate more quickly until the completion of the evacuation alarm should be continued. the purpose of such alarms in order to achieve the characteristic fire heat release rate reaches a certain level, or when a certain time has elapsed, when the heat detector is to be alarms to answer. Requires a quick response, it is desirable to install the sensor as much as possible, but taking into account the cost of installation problems by engineering approach to minimize the quantity and rapidity of detection capability should be increased. In order to increase the rapidity of fire detectors in a room according to the height of the sensing period is to be maintained the optimum distance of the fire detector detects characteristics should be considered. Differential spot-type heat detectors installed domestic basis, depending on the type of sensor that can detect one sensor area is limited and less than 4m ceiling height regulations and simply double the number in excess of 4m and intended to be installed
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소방응급의료서비스 향상을 위한 평가요인의 중요도에 관한 실증적 연구
황동환,권영희,강경식,김전수,강윤진 대한안전경영과학회 2014 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.16 No.4
This study is performed to determine the priorites of the evaluation factors for the improvement of fire emergency medical service by increasing it’s efficiency to protect the people’s lives effectively, and by recognizing it’s mid-long term development. Based on the output of the analysis, the critical evaluation factors of the fire emergency medical services to be improved shall be identified, and shall be intended to use strategically for increasing the efficiency of all the activity in the EMT service, and also for providing the basic date to product and manage the good quality services. To calculate the priority of the evaluation factor for each level as shown on this study, AHP(anaysis hierarchy process) with pairwise comparison method is applied. According to the priority analysis for the evaluation factors in main category (evaluation zone), ‘medical service professional aspect’ is recognized as highest one, and ‘service infrastructure aspect, ‘service management aspect’ are indicated in order. According to the priority analysis for the evaluation factors in evaluation index, ‘professional personal arrangement’ in the service infrastructure aspect, ‘appropriateness and timeliness of emergency medical care’ in the medical service professional aspect, and ‘clinical training’ in the service management aspect are respectively recognized as most important factors.
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황동환,오철,박현진,정봉조 대한교통학회 2016 대한교통학회지 Vol.34 No.3
Traffic safety in freeway work zones is of keen interest since both crash frequency and severity are much higher than those in general freeway sections. The lane closure in work zones results in greater work load of drivers due to compulsory lane changes and speed reduction. Therefore, traffic merging control is an effective countermeasure for enhancing work zone safety. This study proposed an integrated framework based on driving and traffic simulations to evaluate traffic merging control methods in terms of traffic safety. In addition to the conventional merging method using the taper, joint merge and chicane-type merge were evaluated by the proposed methodology. Chicane-type merge outperformed other methods under level of service (LOS) A and B. On the other hand, it was identified that joint merge showed the best safety performance under LOS C traffic conditions. 고속도로 공사구간은 차로의 차단 및 공사구간 내 다양한 시설물에 운전자가 노출되기 때문에 사고가 빈번하게 발생하는 구간이다. 공사구간 중 완화구간은 차로차단으로 인하여 차량의 합류가 발생하므로 사고의 위험도가 높다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주행 시뮬레이션(Driving Simulation)과 교통 시뮬레이션 (Traffic Simulation)의 연계 분석을 적용하여 세 가지 유형의 차로합류 기법에 대한 안전성을 비교 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 기존 차로차단 기법보다 사전 유도기법 또는 Joint Merge기법이 안전성 측면에서 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 서비스 수준(LOS) A, B인 경우 사전 유도기법이 적정 합류기법으로 판단되었으며, 서비스 수준 C의 경우 Joint Merge기법이 적정 합류기법으로 판단되었다. 본 연구는 현재 운영되고 있는 차로차단 기법 외에 공사구간 교통상황에 따른 다양한 합류기법의 적용 타당성을 주행 및 교통 시뮬레이션의 연계분석을 통하여 안전성 관점에서 평가하였다는 데 의의가 있다.
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광중합 기전에 따른 복합레진 중합 시 치수강 내 온도변화
황동환,이주현,박호원,Hwang, Dong-Hwan,Lee, Ju-Hyun,Park, Ho-Won 대한소아치과학회 2003 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.30 No.3
수복 치료과정에서 발생하는 온도증가가 치수조직에 미칠 수 있는 위해효과는 치의학의 오랜 관심사였다. 일반적으로, $5.5^{\circ}C$를 초과하는 치수 내 온도변화는 치수조직 에 비가역적인 손상을 야기할 수 있다. 기존의 할로겐 램프 광중합기와 더불어 최근 시판되고 있는 플라즈마 아크 중합기, LED 중합기를 사용하여 복합레진 중합시 치수강 내 온도증가량을 조사하였다. 한 개의 우식이 없는 치아를 대상으로 V급 와동을 형성하였다. 와동 내에 복합레진(Z250, Shade A2)을 충전한 후, 광중합조건을 달리하여 5군(I군: VIP, 20초 (mode 3), II군: VIP, 20초 (mode 6), III군: Flipo, 3초, IV군: Flipo, 5초 (2-step), V군: Lux-O-Max, 40초)으로 분류하고, 각 조건에 맞게 복합레진을 중합시키면서 치수강 내의 온도측정 단자를 통하여 $37.0^{\circ}C$로부터 증가되는 치수강 내 최대 온도증가량을 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻게 되었다. 1. 모든 군에서 치수강 내 최대 온도 증가량은 치수의 변성을 일으키기 시작하는 경계온도인 $5.5^{\circ}C$ 보다 낮았으며, II군에서 치수강 내 최대 온도증가량이 통계적으로 유의하게 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 Lux-O-Max를 조사한 V군은 다른 군보다 낮은 치수강 내 최대 온도증가량을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 2. VIP로 조사한 두 군을 비교할 경우, 조사강도가 높은 II군이 I군보다 치수강 내 최대 온도증가량이 더 높게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), Flipo로 조사한 III군과 IV군 사이에서는 2-step 조사모드로 5초간 조사한 IV군이 3초간 조사한 III군보다 치수강 내 최대 온도증가량이 더 높게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 3. VIP와 Flipo를 비교할 경우, II군이 III, IV군보다 더 높게 증가하였고, IV군이 I군보다 더 높게 증가하였으나(p<0.05), I군과 III군 사이에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. This study investigates pulp chamber temperature rise during composite resin polymerization by plasma arc(Group III : Flipo 3 sec, Group IV : Flipo 5 sec) and LED curing units(Group V : Lux-O-Max, 40 sec) as well as conventional halogen lamp curing units(Group I : VIP mode3, 20 sec, Group II : VIP mode6, 20 sec). The results are as follows : 1. All of the investigated pulp chamber temperature rises are lower than the boundary temperature could result in irreversible damage to the pulpal tissue ($5.5^{\circ}C$). 2. In the group II, it is found the significantly higher pulp chamber temperature rise than any other groups(p<0.05). 3. In the group of composite resin light-cured with VIP, it is found the significantly higher pulp chamber temperature rise in the group II than group I(p<0.05). 4. In the group of composite resin light-cured with Flipo, it is found the significantly higher pulp chamber temperature rise in the group IV than group III (p<0.05). 5. In the case of comparing VIP and Flipo, group II is significantly higher pulp chamber temperature rise than group III, IV(p<0.05), and group IV is significantly higher pulp chamber temperature rise than group I(p<0.05), and it does not significantly differ between group I and III. 6. In the group of composite resin light-cured with Lux-O-Max, it is found the significantly lower pulp chamber temperature rise than any other groups (p<0.05).
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황동환,최형준,손흥규,최병재,Hwang, Dong-Hwan,Choi, Hyung-Jun,Sohn, Heung-Kyu,Choi, Byung-Jai 대한소아치과학회 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.3
Surgical removal of impacted mesiodens can be performed easily when exact position of mesiodens is identified. This case report is argued about methodological approach of exact antero-posterior postioning of mesiodens using conventional cross-sectional occlusal film and periapical film. The author concludes, 1. Among various methods of positioning mesiodens, exact position of mesiodens can be determined with occlusal film and periapical film. 2. On operation, exact antero-posterior position of mesiodens can be determined with comparing occlusal images of adjacent teeth and anatomic structure to real ones. 3. It is important that exact removal course of mesiodens has to be determined in addition to exact determination of one's position, and that it has to be determined in regard to position, morphological basis, direction of impacted pattern of mesiodens and adjacent anatomic structure. 4. In 2 cases presented, both are mesiodens of inverted conical type, and impacted direction are class I and III respectively according to classification author suggested, and surgery can be perfomed with ease by different approach directions.
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