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성인의 소집단경험에서의 활동과정변화와 자아실현검사 점수변화에 대한 연구
황화성 건국대학교 1991 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.34 No.-
The purposes of this study, a trial to relate the group process of the small gorup experiences (intensive and structured or unstructured encounter groups) to the effects of the experiences, were to investigate the followings: (1)How does the group process, working out in Korea for adults change? (2)Do the experiences effect the POI score of adults? (3)If so, the more one experiences the groups, does he/she get the POI score the more? To achieve the purposes the following were hypothesized: As for adults. (1)the small gorup process will be changed more positively at the second and third sections rather than at the first section within each group. (2)the level of the group dynamics at the first section will be different from each other, but at the last section will be all alike with high level. (3)the variation of the POI scores of the once-or-more experienced experimental groups will be changed higher than that of the non-experienced controlled group. (4)the more experienced group will get higher POI scores than the less experienced group. To verify the hypotheses, six groups(77 subjects of adult) were sampled;four experimentel groups (50 subjects of adults) who participated in 24-hour intensive small group experiences and two controlled groups(27 subjects of adults) who didn't have any experience (Table Ⅲ-1).The subjects were all imposed to take the POI test, and the experimental groups were additionally imposed to check the group process check list(Appendix2) three times at the end of daily work)first section was checked after nine hours of the 24-hour small group experiences, second after 20 hours, and the last after 23 hours).The measurements were treated by SPSS/PC+ for ANOVA and t-test. The results are as follows: (1)The group process proved to be changed positively between section 1-2 and 1-3(ANOVA, oneway, p<.05).The changed areas of the group process check list, which covers nine cognitive and four emotional areas, were ten in experimental Group 1 and 4, six in Group 2 and 3(Table Ⅳ-1).
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採蔬의 生長 및 收量에 影響을 미치는 施設內 溫度 및 炭酸가스 環境에 關한 硏究
朴華性 圓光大學校大學院 1978 學位論叢 Vol.1 No.-
Rapid extension of the plastic house area has made it possible to improve the yields and quality of vegetable crops by controlling its environmental factors, In order to measure the air temperatures in and out of the houses, the soil surface temperatures and growth responses of cucumber plants in the plastic houses, the East-West and North-South oriented plastic houses which have opening and closing windows were constructed. Carbon-dioxide has been known as an important raw material for photochemical reactions of the plant growth, little attention, however has been paid to the concentration of carbon-dioxide of inside air as a meteorological factor in the growin of vegetable crops. This experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of CO₂concentration on the growth response of vegetable crops. Then the following results were obtained. 1) The temperature inside the E-W oriented house was generally 2~3℃ higher than that in the N-S oriented house. Soil temperature in the E-W oriented house was also generally higher than that in the N-S oriented house. It was possible to maintain the difference of 10℃ between outside and inside of the house when vent area was 5~10 percentage of the total plastic covering area. The relation between the temperatures in and outside the plastic house and the soil surface temperature in the house has been analysed by equivalent electric circuit. As the impedance has only the resistance, the simple relation has been found. The equation to get the ventilation frequency was obtained by thermodynamic method. By use of this equation to give the air temperature in the house from the air-temperature out the house and the soil surface temperature in the house was obtained. The values calculated by this equation were near the measured ones. 2) Crop Growth Rates(CGR) in the E-W and N-S houses were almost the same for the entire growth period of the cucumber. Net Assimilation Rate(NAR) was increased in the early stage of growth regardless of the direction, but decreased gradually. In the E-W oriented house, Optimum Leaf Area Index(LAI opt.) was lowest in the south row while highest in the north row of the N-S oriented house, But in the N-S oriented house the LAIopt. was almost the same as an index of 1.68 in the east row and 1.50 in the west row respectively. 3) The elongation of the node was apparently influenced by the light intensity and the temperature in the plastic house. It was shown that the early yield of the cucumber was greater in the E-W oriented house compared to the N-S oriented house. Accordingly the E-W oriented house was more profitable for semi-forcing cultivation. 4) Three varieties of lettuce, Tuk-sum, Ja-juk saik, and Great lakes 366 sowed on November 24, 1973 and setted on January 8, 1974, were grown to study the effect of CO₂concentration on plant growth. They were treated with 4 different concentrations of C0₂300(control), 1000, 2000, 3000ppm for 60 days from January 20 to March 20. Fresh and dry weight of shoots, leaf area and length and width of the largest leaf, total number of leaves, and weight of roots were measured at 20 days intervals after treatment. Total leaf area was also measured at the end of the treatment. Tuk-sum and Ja-juk saik saik Lettuce began to show visible effect in 10 days of treatment. Great Lake 366 Lettuce which is head type, began to show visible effect on growth in 20 days and to form readily in 35 days of treatment. The favorable effect of CO₂treatmemt on the growth of head type lettuce was expressed as the increased weight of head leaves with less outer leaves. 5) In order to know the effect of CO₂concentration on the radish, Juk Hwan radish was sowed on May 13, 1975 and treated with 4 different CO₂concentrations, 300(control), 1000, 2000, 3000ppm from 8 A.M. to 10 A.M. for 45 days. Jui-Kori radidish was sown on October 9, 1975, and was treated with 3 different CO₂concentrations, 300(control),1000, 3000ppm from 8 A.M.to 10 A.M. for 35 days. Juk Hwan radish showed a little of CO₂concentration after 30 days treatment, but showed visible effect after 45 days treatment with 2000ppm. In 3,000ppm, radish yield was decreased below the yield of 1000ppm. Jui-Kori radish began to show visible effect after 25 days treatment, and there was a marked increase of yield according to the CO₂ conentration. The difference of growth variation according to the CO₂concentration was considered as owing to the initiation of treating time rather than the length of treat time. Reducing sugar in radish leaf was increaded from sunrise to noon, but decreased gradually until sunset. There was no difference of contents according to the CO₂concentration. The variation of starch contents in the day was similar to that of sugar, but higher the CO₂concentration, the higher the starch contents. In order to investigate the effect of CO₂concentration on the growth and early yields of Kim Jang pepper plant during the raising period in the green house. Kim Jang pepper was sowed on February 29 and setted On March 20, 1975. They were treated with 4 different concentrations of CO₂, 300(control), 1000, 2000, 3000ppm for 35 days. In stem length of the pepper plants, there was an apparant difference between treatment plot and control after about 10 days treatment. The 1000ppm plot was 1. 1 times higher than that of control, while 3000ppm plot was 1.12 times. The number of leaves showed a difference after about 20 days treatment. In the leaf area, there was a significant difference in the various concentrations of CO₂but no difference between control and 1000ppm plot. The higher the concentration, the leaf area was increased. There was no significant difference of leaf dry weight between control and 1000 ppm plots. The yield of early harvesting was increased according to the CO₂concentrations. The harvestings on July 20 were significantly different between 1000ppm plot and 2000 ppm plot compared with the yield of early harvesting, while on August 12 there was no difference between 2000 ppm plot and 3000ppm plot.
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뇌지주막낭종의 수술적 치료에 대한 임상적 분석 : 직접적 제거술을 중심으로
박화성,이동열,김상용,박상남,김대능,여만수 대한신경외과학회 1991 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.20 No.10-11
Arachnoid cysts are benign developmental cysts that occur between arachnoid layers, which represent approximately 1 percent of all intracranial space-occupying lesions, their most common location being the middle cranial fossa. Current surgical treatment options for intracranial arachnoid cyst are either craniotomy and excision of cyst or shunting of cyst contents extracranially. We treated 10 cases of intracranial arachnoid cyst by excision during last two years. For the best surgical curability, we have, not only removed the cyst wall and adhesive gliotic tissue as possible, but also made the opening to basal cistern for communication. During average 8.4 months follow up, we observed, not specific morbidity and morthality, but good clinical improvement and brain expansion. As above result, if haven't specific problem, the direct surgical removal may be the primary choice for intracranial arachchnoid cyst, especially in children with noncommunicating type in sylvian.
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