정상 성인에서 청성유발 피부전위

허승덕,정동근,서덕준,김광년,김기련,강명구,김리석,Heo, Seung-Deok,Jung, Dong-Keun,Suh, Duk-Joon,Kim, Gwang-Nyeon,Kim, Gi-Ryon,Kang, Myung-Koo,Kim, Lee-Suk 한국음성학회 2005 음성과학 Vol.12 No.2

Electrodermal activity(EDA) is a bio-electric signal which occurs at the skin surface during the sweating. EDA reflects the activity of the sympathetic axis of the autonomic nervous system. EDA is associated with the eccrine sweat gland at the palmar and plamar surface. This study was aimed to characterize the relationship between EDA and auditory stimulus intensities. Acoustic stimulus used in this study were 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz of narrow band noise, which were representative of speech frequencies in audible range. Stimulus intensity between 90 and 30 dB in 10 dB within dynamic range. After deriving the minimum stimulus intensity(threshold of skin potential) which elicited skin potential, and then the latency and amplitude were derived from waveform of skin potential, each latency and amplitude were compared to stimulus intensity. The waveform of skin potential were recorded stably, and the threshold of skin potential appeared nearly the hearing threshold level of the participant. The latency was decreased and the amplitude was increased according to the increase of the stimulus intensity. These results suggest that auditory evoked skin potential can be applicable to auditory assessment and audiological diagnosis tool.

편측 인공와우 이식자의 보청기 사용

허승덕,김리석,정동근,최아현,고도홍,김현기,Heo, Seung-Deok,Kim, Lee-Suk,Jung, Dong-Keun,Choi, Ah-Hyun,Ko, Do-Heung,Kim, Hyun-Gi 한국음성학회 2005 음성과학 Vol.12 No.4

The cochlear implantation(CI) as an useful tool for aural rehabilitation in bilateral severe to profound hearing impairment. However, CI prefer to usually one ear in spite of bilateral hearing impaired. because of the various characteristics of hearing loss, the hearing conservation for the future possibility, and socioeconomic condition of hearing impaired person and their families. The unilateral CI has limitations such as a directional loss, a difficult speech understanding in noise and a neural plasticity. These limitations will be overcome by hearing aid(HA) which is familiar with hearing impairer. but HA fitting for bimodal-binaural hearing are difficult because the difference output characteristic of HA and CI. This study will be confirm realities of use of HA in unilateral cochlear implantee. For this goal, 25(m:f=10:15) child participated who are used to HA for 1 to 17 months. We had telephone interviews with their mother about use of HA, change of auditory performance and own voice. As the results, hearing threshold levels of unimplanted ear, the use of a appropriate HA, implanted and aided hearing threshold level(HTL) are must be considered for successful biomodal-binaural hearing. Especially, implanted and aided HTL should be very useful parameter for a prediction of HA effect and a criterion of selection for bilateral cochlear implantation.

인공와우 이식자에서 자극 잡파를 이용한 고장 평가

허승덕,김상렬,안중기,정동근,강명구,Heo, Seung-Deok,Kim, Sang-Ryeol,Ahn, Joong-Ki,Jung, Dong-Keun,Kang, Myung-Koo 한국음성학회 2007 음성과학 Vol.14 No.2

The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between current intensity and amplitude of stimulus artifact on the cochlear implantee, and to find out basic information to check the device failure. Subjects were a prelingual child and 3 postlingual adults with more than severe hearing losses. The charge-balanced biphasic pulses were presented at stimulus rates of 11 pulses per second, each pulse width of $25{\mu}s$ with monopolar mode(MP1+2). Current intensities were delivered at 27.5, 33.7, 41.3, 50.5, 61.9, $75.8{\mu}A$. Stimulus artifacts were recorded by evoked potential system. This procedure was performed just before the initial stimulation, and then, the amplitude of stimulus artifacts were compared with each current intensity. The amplitude of stimulus artifacts was increased significantly according to the current intensity (p<0.01). The results suggest that the change of the amplitude of stimulus artifact can be used as a good cue to check the device failure in the cochlear implantee.

순수 외이도 공명

허승덕(Seung Deok Heo) 한국언어치료학회 2012 言語治療硏究 Vol.21 No.3

External auditory canal (EAC) resonance occurs in the closed-end of a tube near the ear drum. However, the gain of EAC resonance cannot be measured because it occurs inside the human body. Real ear unaided responses (REURs) include both the acoustic reflection of the pinna, skull, torso and the resonance gain of the external ear. The concha cavity resonance (CC resonance) can be measured if EAC is obstructed. Therefore, EAC resonance can be calculated by subtracting the CC resonance from REURs. The aim of this study is to find the gain of the EAC resonance in normal Korean adults and provide the basic information for hearing aid fitting and further research in the field of audiological rehabilitation. Twenty-none normal adults (58-ears) participated in this study. The frequency range of EAC resonance was observed from 80㎐ to 4,000㎐ at 0° and from 600㎐ to 3,700㎐ at 45°. The maximum resonance frequency was recorded at 2,619(±288.7)㎐ at azimuth 0° and 2,613.8(±381.8)㎐ at azimuth 45°. The mean of maximum resonance gain was recorded at 13.2(±3.5)㏈ and 12.3(±3.4)㏈, respectively.

Influence of Real Ear Resonance on Male Voice Formant Frequency

허승덕(Seung Deok Heo),강희라(Hui Ra Kang),고도흥(Do Heung Ko) 한국언어청각임상학회 2017 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.22 No.3

배경 및 목적: 소리는 음장을 지나 외이도, 중이, 내이 등으로 상행한다. 외이도는 음향에너지 특성이 유지되는 곳으로 공명에 의해 말소리의 음향학적 특성이 달라질 것으로 예상된다. 이 연구는 실이에서 음성의 포먼트 주파수를 분석하여, 외이 공명이 음성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 모음은 사용 빈도가 높은 /ㅏ/, /ㅣ/, /ㅜ/, /ㅔ/, /ㅗ/를 사용하였다. 음성은 남자가 발성하여 여자 12명의 외이도 내부와 이개 상부에서 각각 녹음하였다. 이들 음성은 포먼트 주파수를 분석한(Praat ver. 6.0.19) 후 기술통계 하였고, 대응표본 t-test (SPSS ver. 22.0)와 Wilcoxon test로 검증하였다. 결과: 음장과 실이 음성 사이에서는 /ㅏ/의 F3, F4, /ㅣ/의 F2, F3, F4, /ㅜ/의 모든 포먼트 주파수, /ㅔ/의 F2, F4, /ㅗ/의 F1, F3, F4 등에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다(p<.05). 논의 및 결론: 실이 음성의 포먼트 주파수는 공명, 음원으로부터 거리 등의 영향을 받아 주파수가 모아진다. 이러한 변화는 음색 및 개인 목소리의 특성을 해석하고 어음을 이해하는데 긍정적인 영향을 줄 것으로 기대된다. Objectives: Voice in the external auditory canal (EAC) is expected to change while being affected by the resonance of the concha cavity and the EAC. Acoustical analysis should include the frequency range of EAC resonance. This study aims to determine the influence of the resonance of the EAC by analyzing formant. Methods: Male voiced monophthongs were used in this study; the most frequently used vowels were /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/. Experimental voice in the real ear and sound field was recorded by 12 healthy young female subjects. Voice characteristics were analyzed by Praat (ver. 6.0.19). The formant frequency of the sample and experimental voice were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The relationship between the sample voice and experimental voice was analyzed by a paired t-test. Results: The voices between the sound field and real ear demonstrated significant differences at F3 and F4 of /a/, F2, F3, and F4 of /i/, all formant frequencies of /u/, F2 and F4 of /e/, and F1, F3, and F4 of /o/ (p<.05). Conclusion: Voice in the real ear is collected under the influence of resonances, distance from the sound source, and rounding. Understanding these changes is expected to improve the analysis of timbre and individual voices and speech understanding.

증폭장치 사용 난청 청년의 삶의 질

허승덕(Seung-Deok Heo) 한국언어청각임상학회 2018 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.23 No.3

배경 및 목적: 청력손실은 증폭장치로 보상할 수 있으며, 청력손실을 효과적으로 보상하면 난청자(person with hearing impaired, HI) 의 삶의 질(quality of life, QOL)도 개선할 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 증폭기를 사용하고 있는 난청자(HI)들의 QOL을 분석할 필요가 있다. 이 연구는 난청 청년(HI_youth)의 QOL을 알아보는 데 있다. 방법: 참가자는 SNS 서비스를 통해 무작위로 선정된 20세부터 29세 사이의 성인으로 하였다. 이들은 청력손실이 없는 46명과 보청기나 인공와우를 사용하고 있는 19명의 두 군으로 구분하였다. 설문은 World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF)을 사용하였다. 응답은 신뢰도를 분석하였고(Cronbach’s α=.923), 두 군 사이 관계는 일원분산 분석하였다. 결과: 두 군 사이에는 신체적 범주에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다(p < .05). 하위 항목에서 ‘청력손실이 일을 방해 한다’ (p =.000), ‘보청기가 필요하다’ (p =.000) (이상 신체적 범주), ‘삶이 충분히 의미 있다’ (p =.013) (이상 심리적 범주), ‘안전한 삶’ (p =.012), ‘정보 접근성’ (p =.010), ‘지역 의료서비스 만족도’ (p =.017) (이상 환경 조건) 등이 유의하였 다. 논의 및 결론: 난청 청년들은 증폭장치 사용, 안전한 삶, 정보 및 의료서비스 접근, 삶의 의미 부분에서 다소 만족스럽지 못한 평가를 내렸다. Objectives: It is possible to compensate for hearing loss with an amplification system. When the hearing loss is compensated for effectively, the quality of life (QOL) of a person with a hearing impairment can be improved. In the interest of this improvement, it is necessary to analyze the QOL of hearing impaired (HI) individuals who are using an amplifier. This study aims to examine the QOL of HI-youth. Methods: The participants were adult males and females, aged 20- to 29-year-old who were randomly selected through a social network service (SNS). They were classified into two groups: 19 participants who were using a hearing aid and/or cochlear implant, and 46 participants who had no hearing loss. The questionnaire that was used was the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Response reliability was analyzed with Cronbach’s α (= .923), response scores were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and a one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the relationship between two groups. Results: When the two groups were compared, there was a significant difference in the average response scores regarding physical health according to category of the participants (p < .05). Significant differences were also observed in the sub-domains, including ‘hearing loss disturbs mywork’ (p = .000), ‘the hearing aid is needed’ (p = .000) (physical domain), ‘life is sufficiently meaningful’ (p = .013) (psychological domain), ‘life security’ (p = .012), ‘information accessibility’ (p = .010), ‘satisfaction with local health care service’ (p = .017) (environment domain), etc. Conclusion: The responses of HI-youth indicated dissatisfaction in respect to using the amplifier, safety of life, accessibility to information and health care service, and the meaningfulness of life.

디지털트윈 시티 구축을 위한 3D 데이터 구축기술 및 서비스 현황

남상관 한국경영정보학회 2021 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.6

비대면 문장 선별용 음원 녹음에 관한 사전 연구

허승덕 ( Heo Seung-deok ),정다영 ( Jung Da-young ),안지민 ( Ahn Ji-min ),이은지 ( Lee Eun-ji ) 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2021 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.60 No.4

배경 및 목적: 비대면, 실시간 상황은 바이러스 감염증 예방을 위한 새로운 표준이 되었다. 비대면 청각·언어병리학적 평가는 문장을 음원으로 모듈화하여 사용하면 접근하기 쉽고, 수혜자도 보살핌을 받고 있다는 안도감을 느낄 수 있다. 이 연구 목적은 녹음한 성인 선별검사용 생활 문장의 신뢰도와 음향학적 특성 및 문장 친숙도를 알아보는 데 있다. 대상 및 방법: 연구에는 청력손실이 없고 건강한 20∼25(21.7±1.64)세 사이 10명(m:f=2:8)이 참여하였다. 문장은 ○○대학교병원 성인 선별검사용 생활 문장 7개 목록 중 4개를 이용하였다. 음원은 경상 방언을 사용하는 여자 청각언어재활전문가의 음성으로 녹음하였다. 음향학적 특징은 음절 및 낱말 지속시간, 쉼 간격, 문장 폭을 millisecond 단위로, 문장 친숙도는 속도, 명료도, 억양의 자연스러움을 5점 척도로 각각 조사하였다. 각 목록의 음향학적 특성과 문장 친숙도의 차이는 일원분산분석으로, 이들 사이 관계는 상관분석으로 검증하였다. 결과: 문장 목록별 친숙도의 응답 신뢰도(Cronbach’s α)는 차례대로 0.924, 0.949, 0.957, 0.957로 각각 관찰되었다. 음향학적 특성에서 음절 지속시간(p=.952), 낱말 지속시간(p=.822), 쉼 간격(p=.473)은 목록간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 문장 친숙도에서 속도는 목록 2와 4에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되었고(p=.004), 명료도(p=.381)와 억양의 자연스러운 정도(p=.325)는 목록간 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 음절 지속시간은 속도(r=-.031, p=.849), 명료도(r=-.016, p=.924), 억양의 자연스러운 정도(r=.024, p=.881)와, 낱말 지속시간은 속도(r=-.224, p=.165), 명료도(r=.045, p=.782), 억양의 자연스러운 정도(r=.032, p=.845)와, 쉼 간격은 속도(r=-.224, p=.164), 명료도(r=-.148, p=.364), 억양의 자연스러운 정도(r=-.095, p=.558)와 유의한 상관관계가 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: ○○UH-sentence 녹음 음원은 비대면 평가에서도 신뢰도와 타당도가 양호할 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 따라서 녹음 음원은 비대면 기준치 마련 등의 후속 연구에 적용할 수 있을 것이다. Background & Objective: Untact real-time situation has become a new norm to prevent viral infections. Untact audiology·speech pathological evaluation renders easy access once sentences are modularized in the soundtrack, and recipients can feel supported and comfortable. This study aims to investigate the reliability, acoustic characteristics, and sentence familiarity of the modularized soundtrack of everyday sentence for adults screening. Participants & Methods: 10 healthy people (m:f=2:8) who have no hearing loss and are aged 20~25 (21.7±1.64) participated in this study. For sentences, 4 out of 7 lists from the ○○ university hospital’s everyday sentence for adult screening (○○UH-sentence) were used. The soundtrack was recorded with the voice of a female audiologist/speech-language pathologist who speaks a Gyeongsang dialect. Acoustic characteristics were analyzed into syllable and word duration, pause interval, sentence width in millisecond (㎳) units, and sentence familiarity was analyzed on a 5-point scale for speed, discrimination, and naturalness of intonation. One-way ANOVA was performed to test the difference in acoustic characteristics and sentence familiarity of each list, correlation analysis was conducted to test the interrelationships between them. Results: The response reliability (Cronbach's α) of sentence familiarity was 0.924, 0.949, 0.957, and 0.957, respectively. In the acoustic characteristics, no statistically significant differences were observed between the lists in syllable duration (p=.952), word duration (p=.822), and pause interval (p=.473). In the sentence familiarity, a significant difference was observed between List 2 and 4 (p=.004) in speed, but no significant differences were observed in discrimination (p=.381) and naturalness (p=.325). Syllable duration was not significantly correlated with speed (r=-.031, p=.849), discrimination (r=-.016, p=.924), naturalness (r=.024, p=.881); word duration was not significantly correlated with speed (r=-.224, p=.165), discrimination (r=.045, p=.782), naturalness (r=.032, p=.845); and pause intervals were not significantly correlated with speed(r=-.224, p=.164), discrimination (r=-.148, p=.364), and naturalness (r=-.095, p=.558). Conclusion: ○○UH-sentence soundtrack can be estimated to have good reliability and validity even in non-face-to-face evaluation. Therefore, it can be applied to follow-up studies such as preparing untact standards.

실이에서 고빈도 모음의 포먼트 주파수

허승덕(Seung Deok Heo),강희라(Hui Ra Kang),고도흥(Do Heung Ko) 한국언어치료학회 2016 한국언어치료학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.12

Purpose: The aim of the study is to check Formant Frequency F1, F2, F3, and F4 that belong to frequently used Korean vowel’s acoustic qualification on real ear. Methods: For sample voice, the vowel /ᅵ/, /ᅮ/, /ᅦ/, /ᅩ/, and /ᅡ/ are recorded as male voice. These vowels are frequently used and distinguishable vowels with no characteristic of diphthong. Experimental voice is recorded in upper pinna and external auditory canal of 12 women by playing the sample voice. The formant frequency of experimental voice is analyzed with Praat and compared by Paired t-test. Results: There was observed significant change at every Formant Frequency between two voices recorded at sound field and real ear, except F1 of /ᅡ/, F2, /ᅦ/ of F1, /ᅵ/ of F1, /ᅩ/ of F2. (p <.05). Conclusions: F1 and F2 did not relay on source-filter theory on external auditory canal, and it is assumed that the resonance in external auditory canal shifts F3 and F4 near center frequency and helps understanding speech sound.

객관적 평가를 이용한 과대 난청 평가

허승덕(Seung-Deok Heo),이재명(Jae-Myeong Lee),박지상(Ji-Sang Park),최아현(Ah-Hyun Choi),강명구(Myung-Koo Kang) 한국언어청각임상학회 2008 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.13 No.3

배경 및 목적: 이 연구는 사회경제적 이득을 목적으로 방문한 피 검자의 순음청력검사(pure tone audiometry: PTA, 이하 PTA) 반응 양상, 어음청력검사(speech audiometry: SA, 이하 SA) 그리고 청성뇌간유발반응(auditory brainstem response: ABR, 이하 ABR) 결과들을 이용하여 사청 비율과 과대 난청 정도를 예측하고자 수행되었다. 방법: 2006년 6월 부터 2007년 9월까지 청각학적 진단을 위해 방문하였던 18.4세부터 86.9세 사이의 54(남 48, 여 6)명 의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 이들의 반응 양상을 기준으로 사청군과 대조군으로 분류하 고 두 군간 차이를 통계학적으로 검증하였다. 결과: 하강법과 상승법 반응 역치의 차이는 1㎑에서 사청군이 24.77㏈, 대조군이 -1.11㏈의 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < .001). 검사간 차이로 반응 역치 평균 (pure tone averages: PTAs, 이하 PTAs)인 2 PTAs 와 어음청취역치(speech reception threshold: SRT, 이하 SRT; p < .001), ABR 역치와 high 3 PTAs (p = .002), ABR 역치와 SRT (p < .001)는 모 두 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 논의 및 결론: 이 연구에서 확인한 사청비율은 84.48%였으며, 이들의 과대 난청 정도는 상승법 반응 역치를 기준으로 34.48(±22.79)㏈이었다. Background & Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the rate of malingering deafness and to predict the degree of exaggerated-hearing loss using pattern of response of pure tone audiometry(PTA), speech audiometry(SA) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) in subjects with a purpose of socioeconomic benefit. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 54 subjects. The subjects were divided into the malingering group and the control group in accordance with pattern of response. These results were analyzed statistically. Results: The responded-thresholds of ascending and descending methods in 1 kHz between the malingering group and the control group were significantly different. The differences between 2 PTAs(pure tone averages between 0.5 and 1kHz) and SRT(speech reception threshold) (P < .001), ABR threshold and high 3 PTAs(pure tone averages between 0.5, 1 and 2kHz) (P = .002), ABR threshold and SRT (P < .001) were statistically significant. Discussion & Conclusion: It was concluded that the rate of malingering deafness was 84.48%, and the degree of exaggerated-hearing loss was 34.48dB respondedthreshold of ascending method.