조기이유자돈 사료내 볶은 대두박의 수준이 자돈의 성장에 미치는 영향

문홍길,김지훈,조원탁,신인수,한인규 ( H . K . Moon,J . H . Kim,W . T . Cho,I . S . Shin,In K . Han ) 한국영양사료학회 1998 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.22 No.3

볏짚 가공사료의 개발을 위한 연구 2 . 면양에 대한 볏짚 가공사료의 사료섭취량 , 소화율 및 VFA 조성에 미치는 영향

한인규,최윤재,류연선,김창원,배동호,맹원재,오대균 ( I . K . Han,Y . J . Choi,Y . S . Ryu,C . W . Kim,D . H . Bae,W . J . Maeng,D . K . Ohh ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This experiment was conducted to examine feed intake, digestibility and volatile fatty acid (V FA) composition of ruminal juice of NaOH treated rice straw or NaOH treated rice straw pellet through digestibility experiment and the determination of ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid pattern for lamb. Tweleve male lambs weighing 45 ㎏ on average body weight were divided into 4 treatments i.e. control group (raw rice straw chopped in 5 ㎝), 1% NaOH treated group, 3.5% NaOH treated pellet A group (1.7-1.8 ㎝ in diameter and 4.5㎝ in length) and 3.5% NaOH treated pellet B group (2.4 ㎝-2.5 ㎝ in diameter and 3-4 ㎝ in length). Among 12 lambs, 8 lambs were used for digestion trial and 4 fistulated lambs were used for measuring the VFA pattern and changes in pH of rumen juice. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The daily rice straw feed intake of lambs fed rice straw pellet B (806 g/day) and rice straw pellet A (767 g/day) was higher than that of NaOH treated rice straw (679 g/day) or control group (396 g/day). 2. Digestibilities of dry matter, C. Protein, C. fiber and NFE in rice straw pellet B were the highest and that of untreated straw was lowest. Digestibilities of crude fiber and NFE in rice straw pellet A were higher than those of NaOH treated rice straw. However, the opposite trend were shown in those of dry matter, crude fat and crude protein. The contents of DCP and TDN of rice straw pellet B (1.42%, 51.39%) were highest and those of untreated straw (0.39%, 41.58%) were the lowest. 3. The total VFA production of rumen juice was the highest in NaOH treated rice straw pellet A group (101.93 m M/l) and was the lowest in control group (88.39 m M/l). In change of VFA. production, NaOH treated rice straw pellet A and B groups showed the peak at one hour after feeding and was half hour in NaOH treated rice straw. But control group was decreased for one hour. No significant difference was found in pH change of rumen juice collected. According to the present results, NaOH treated with or without palleting the rice straw is considered to be an improved source roughage for the ruminant animals.

당밀 - 요소 액상사료의 급여가 우유생산량 및 우유의 화학성분에 미치는 영향

한인규,하종규,이봉덕,김영길,이인형 ( I . K . Han,J . K . Ha,B . D . Lee,Y . K . Kim,I . H . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.1

To study the effects of molasses-urea liquid mixture supplementation on the milk yields, milk composition and feed utilization of lactating dairy cows, a series of two experiments was conducted during winter season of hay feeding period (Experiment I) and during summer season of green grass feeding period(Experiment II). Results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Feeding molasses urea mixture in liquid form replacing 20% of concentrates resulted no changes in the production of milk, chemical composition of milk, feed intake and feed efficiency for milk production when this was fed either in the form of mixture with concentrates or in the form of liquid. 2. Present data revealed that 5.23 won of cash during hay feeding period and 4.34 won of cash during green grass feeding period could be saved by feeding 20% molasses urea mixtures instead of the same amount of concentrates. 3. No adverse effects or ammonium toxicity were detected by feeding urea upto 170 g daily when this was fed three times a day. It may be concluded from the above results that molasses urea mixture can be used to lactating dairy cows without any harmful effect.

Salinomycin 의 육성돈에 대한 성장촉진효과

한인규,박재환,이상철,유문일,최관 ( I . K . Han,J . H . Park,S . C . Lee,M . I . Yoo,K . Kwon ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.4

The experiment was conducted to investigate the growth promoting effect of salinomycin for growing-finishing swine. In this experiment 192 hogs of Large White x Landrace x Duroc or Hampshire three way crossed weighing an average of 24 ㎏ in body weight were used in three treatments of Control Salinomycin 25 ppm and Colistin 10 ppm for a period of 14 weeks. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The average daily gain of Salinomycin fed group was considerably (p$lt;0.05) better than that of nonmedicated group (control). However, there was no statistical difference between Salinomycin and Colistin fed group. 2. It was also found that feed intake was much less (p$lt;0.05) for Salinomycin fed group than for control group. 3. Feed efficiency of Salinomycin fed group was highly significantly (p$lt;0.01) better than that of control group. However, no significant difference was found between Salinomycin and Colistin fed group. 4. It seemed that Salinomycin fed group utilized more efficiently the dry matter, crude protein. Crude fat, and total carbohydrate, although no statistical differences were found among treatments. 5. In general, carcass quality was not affected by the addition of Salinomycin.

환원유를 혼입한 생유의 검출방법에 관한 연구

한인규 ( I K Han ),김현욱 ( H U Kim ),육종융 ( C Y Yuk ),허환녕 ( H Y Huh ) 한국축산학회 1968 한국축산학회지 Vol.10 No.1

This experiment was conducted to develope a method of detection for adulteration of raw milk with spray-dried milk powder. Five ㎖. of milk to be tested was treated with 4 ㎖. of 15% ammonium moybdate solution (w/v). After being shaken, the tube was heated at 77.50℃ for 90 minutes. In order to estimate the intensity of color, the methods involved diluting the 3 ㎖. of the sample treated above to 15 ㎖. with distilled H₂O, precipitating with 10% TCA solution and filtering. The degree of blue color developed upon heating was measured by the coleman spectrophotometer at 490 mμ and hemoglobinometer. An attempt was made to explain the mechanism for which the blue color was developed. The results obtained are summarized as follows; I. Raw milk resulted a light color, whereas the milk which has been reconstituted with spray-dried milk powder gave a deep blue color. There was a highly positive correlation (r=0.94) between the amount of spray-dried milk added in raw milk and intensity of blue color developed. Results revealed that this method could be used to detect 4% of addition of reconstituted milk with spray-dried milk powder. 3. It was also found that there was a positive correlation (r=0.97) between adulteration and Hb-meter reading. Eight percentage or more of adding reconstituted milk could bed erected by Hb-meter reading. 3. It was also found a straight linear relationship (r=0.95) between intensity of blue color and reducing capacity of milk. The reducing capacity of spray-dried milk was much higher than that of raw milk. 4. The cause of developing blue color described in this method could be resulted from the occurrence of inorganic phosphate and reducing capacity of the milk and the difference in blue color was due to the difference in reducing capacity between raw and reconstituted milk.

볏짚 가공사료의 개발을 위한 연구 1 . 육성우와 착유우 ( 搾乳牛 ) 에 대한 볏짚가공사료의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구

한인규,남두석,최윤재,오대균,김창원,배동호,맹원재 ( I . K . Han,D . S . Nam,Y . J . Choi,D . K . Oh,C . W . Kim,D . H . Bae,W . J . Maeng ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of NaOH treatment with or without pelleting the rice straw for Holstein heifers and lactating cows through feeding trials for 105 days. For two feeding trials, 20 heifers weighting approximately 283 ㎏ and 20 lactating cows producing 20.5 ㎏ of milk and weighing 539 ㎏ on the average were divided 4 groups i.e., control group (raw rice straw chopped in 5 ㎝), 1% NaOH treated group, 3.5% NaOH treated pellet A group (1.7-1.8 ㎝ in diameter and 4-5 ㎝ in length) and 3.5% NaOH treated pellet B group (2.4 ㎝-2.5 ㎝ in diameter and 3.5 ㎝ in length). The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. In heifer, the average daily gain (ADG), the average daily rice straw intake (ADRSI), and the total daily feed intake (TDFI), respectively, for the various groups were as follows (1) 0.46, 0.89, 6.05 ㎏ (2) 0.49, 1.01, 6.20 ㎏, (3) 0.64, 1.84, 7.19 ㎏, (4) 0.56, 1.84, 7.10 ㎏. Significant differences were noted in ADG or TDFI (p$lt;0.05) and ADRSI (p$lt;0.01). 2. In lactating cow, for the respective treatments, milk production amounted to 14.67, 16.29, 16.52 and 17.84 ㎏; fat content in milk was 3.93, 3.72, 4.09 and 3.68%. However, no statistical differences were shown among groups. Total daily feed intake and the daily rice straw intake were the same tendency to milk production.

CANNULA 설치 돼지에서 원료 사료의 아미노산 소화율 측정 연구

김인배(I . B . Kim),한인규(I . K . Han),최윤재(Y . J . Choi) 한국영양사료학회 1993 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

저질 조사료의 사료가치 개선방안에 관한 연구

한인규,W . N . 가렛트 ( I . K . Han,W . N . Garrett ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Approximately 450 scientific articles including over 20 review papers (mostly published in the last 2 decades) have been reviewed to evaluate and compare the nutritional characteristics of treated and untreated low quality roughages (mostly crop residues). Attempts have also been made to explain the possible mechanisms for the improvement in nutritive value of treated lignocellulosic materials and to expose some problems associated with various treatments. (1) Over 2,000 million metric tons of crop residues are produced every year in the world. Wheat straw (25.3%), rice straw (22.8%), corn stover (15.8%), sugar cane residues (14.4%) and barley straw (8.3%) are the major crop residues. Of total production of crop residues, Asia, North America, and Europe are producing 46%, 19% and 13%, respectively. Forty types of low quality roughage have been examined with regard to improving their nutritive value by various treatments. These can be listed as follows. A. Crap residues and agricultural by-products: Rice straw, oat straw, wheat straw, barley straw, corn stover, corn cobs, sunflower stover, sugar cane top, cassava wastes, cassava leaves, sorghum stover, millet stover, peanut hull, soybean residues, cotton by-product, cotton straw, pea straw, rice hull, sugar cane bagasse, cotton hull, and alfalfa stem. B. Wood and wood by-products: aspen, poplar, spruce, black ash, American basswood, yellow birch, eastern cottonwood, American elm, silver maple, sugar maple, red oak, white oak, quaking aspen, white birch, soft maple, and ponderosa pine. C. Native herbages: wild (native or range) grasses. D. Animal wastes: cow manure, poultry manure. (2) Most crop residues and low quality rough ages are nutritionally known to be low in energy, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, some trace minerals and carotene and quite high in crude fiber, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and silica. Their digestibilities of cellulose and bioavailability of energy are low and voluntary feed intake is also low. Thus, most untreated lignocellulosic materials could not be classified as maintenance feeds of animals. (3) Since the Beckman method of sodium hydroxide treatment was developed in 1921, more than 30 treatment procedures were found to be effective in improving the nutritive value of low quality roughages. A. Physical treatments: soaking, grinding, steam pressure, explosion, irradiation, pelleting, and supplementation. 8. Chemical treatments: Beckman NaOH, wet chamber NaOH, Dip NaOH, spray NaOH, urine, urea, anhydrous ammonia stack, aqueous ammonia, calcium oxide (lime), calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sulphur dioxide, sodium chlorite, ozone, chelating metal caustic swelling, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid. C. Physico-chemical treatment: sodium hydroxide and pelleting. D. Biological treatments: fermentation, enzyme, silage, manure·silage. (4) Present review data reveal that chemical (36.2%), biological (36.2%), physical (31.1%) and physico-chemical treatments (30.3%) could all significantly improve the dry matter digestibility of low quality roughage. It was found that percent improvement in feed intake for the physico-chemical treatment (51.20 was much higher than biological (40.8%), physical (32.5%) or chemical (31.0%) treatments. Physical (84.4%), chemical (84.9%), physico-chemical (51.5%) and biological (148.4%) treatments of crop residues had a more striking effect on the percent improvement in performances of ruminant animals than on the percent improvement in DM digestibility or feed intake. Supplementation (physical), sodium hydroxide, ammonia, urea/urine (chemical), silage and/or manure·silage (biological) treatments were the most practical and beneficial ways to improve the nutritive value of crop residues. Effects of various treatments on the chemical composition, digestibilities, characteristics of cell walls, feed intake, VFA production, ruminal pH, performance of animals and feed cost are summariz

육성돈에 대한 Mecadox 의 단백질절약 및 성장촉진효과

한인규,유문일,권관 ( In K . Han,Moon I . Yoo,K . Kwon ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.6

In order to study the protein sparing and growth promoting effect of mecadox for growing pigs, a total of 160 three way crossbred pigs (Landrace x Duroc x Large White) weighing approximately 11 ㎏ initially were used for a period of 12 weeks of feeding trial and metabolism trial. Experimental diets of two different level of dietary protein (high-19% or low-17% for weaned pig and high -17% or low-15% for growers) were fed with (50 ppm) or without (0 ppm) mecadox (carbodox : methyl- 3 - (2 -quinoxalinylmethylene carbazate-N¹, N⁴-dioxide)). (1) Although there was no statistically difference, pigs fed diets with 50 ppm of mecadox gained faster and more efficient than pigs fed unsupplemented diets regardless of protein level in the diet. Pigs fed the high protein level supplemented with mecadox resulted in best effects of gain and feed efficiency. (2) Rate of gain and feed efficiency of pigs fed the high dietary protein level of 19 % in weaning diet. and 17% in grower ration unsupplemented with mecadox were similar to pigs fed the low dietary protein level of 17% in weaning ration and 15% in grower ration supplemented with mecadox. The growth promoting effect of mecadox was remarkable for younger pigs than growers. (3) Digestibility of crude protein and crude fat was slightly improved and that of crude fiber was decreased when mecadox was added to growing diets. It was apparent that nitrogen retention rate of pigs receiving mecadox was slightly higher than unsupplemenred pigs. Based on the above results, it may be concluded that the addition of mecadox at 50 ppm level could improve the growth rate and feed efficiency from weanling pig to growing pig and that mecadox might have protein sparing effect up to 2% of total dietary protein for growing pigs.

목질자원의 사료화 가치시험

한인규,박홍석 ( I . K . Han,H . S . Park ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.1

In order to investigate the feasibility of using hard wood residue as an animal feed, poplar wood sawdust was treated with solutions of NaOH ranging from 3 to 12% of the sawdust. Untreated and the treated sawdust were then subjected to chemical analysis, in vitro rumen digestibility experiment and a feeding trial with eight wether lambs weighing average about 20㎏. Sawdust either untreated or NaOH-treated at a 9% level was substituted the basal concentrate mixture by 20% for the feeding trial. As the NaOH level increased NDF (neutral detergent fiber), ADF (acid detergent fiber) and lignin content were markedly decreased until NaOH level reached 9% of the sawdust. NDF, ADF and lignin content of the 9% NaOH-treated sawdust were 73.77, 64.38 and 16.09% while those of the untreated were 90.99, 71.56 and 22.22%, respectively. Cellulose content, on the other hand, was not changed up to the 6% NaOH level but slightly decreased at higher levels. The digestibilities of DM (dry matter) and fiber were increased rapidly up to the NaOH 6% level, and then gradually levelled off. Digestibility of IBM, ADF, and cellulose for untreated and the 9% NaOH-treated sawdust were 7.85, 8.57 and 10.15% and 37.03, 40.60, and 52.50%, respectively. Wether lambs fed rations containing 20% of 9% NaOH-treated sawdust for 28 days showed significant (P$lt;0.01) improvement in feed consumption, weight gain and feed efficiency. The results of this study showed that treating poplar wood sawdust with NaOH was very effective in improving poplar wood fiber digestion by the lumen microorganisms and the feeding value to the ruminants. However, further detailed studies are necessary to verify the economical advantage of treating hard wood with alkali.