가축분뇨를 활용한 도시텃밭 재배용토 제조 및 효능성 평가

이종진,장기운,한기필,홍주화,이동석,김영준 유기성자원학회 2015 유기물자원화 Vol.23 No.2

In this study, manufacture of kitchen garden soil and its application on the growth of Lettuce has been performed. The optimal ratio of various raw materials for pH, total nitrogen, phosphate, cations, and salt content was found to be 49 : 35 : 10 : 5 : 1(w/w) in peatmoss, livestock manure, cocopeat, zeolite, and microbial fertilizer, respectively. In the growth experiment using Lettuce, the manufactured soil obtained 21% & 20% increase in leaf length and width, 17% increase in chlorophyll, and 22% in biomass, compared to the control. 본 연구에서는 도시농업조성을 위한 텃밭재배용 용토의 제조실험 및 이를 통한 상추의 생육실험을진행하였다. 용토의 제조를 위한 최적의 원료배합비율은 이탄, 축분, 코코피트, 제올라이트, 미생물제제를 각각 49 : 35 : 10 : 5 : 1(w/w)로 혼합한 비율에서 pH, 전질소, 가용인산, 양이온, 염분함량 등이적합한 비율로 나타났으며, 상추를 이용한 생육실험결과, 대조구와 비교하여 엽장과 엽폭은 각각 21% 와 20%, 클로로필 함량은 17%, 생체중은 22%까지 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

골프장 잔디예초물 종류에 따른 퇴비화 과정중이화학성 변화와 부숙도 평가

하승명,이종진,장기운,한기필,홍주화 유기성자원학회 2005 유기물자원화 Vol.13 No.4

The golf courses more than about 200 are operating in Korea. From the golf courses, a great amount of turfgrass clippings tend to increase, steadily. Materials used in the experiment were Creeping Bentgrass(CB), Kentucky Bluegrass(KB), Korean Lawngrass(KL), rice bran and composted chicken drop. Treatments are CB, KB, and KL. The temperature during the composting of all treatments increased rapidly and reached at the highest temperature(57.9℃, 67.8℃, 74.3℃) within 20 days, and then stabilized to the range of 35.2~41.6℃ at the 30th day. The pH values of all treatments decreased on the first day. However, they were increased rapidly after three days and decreased again on 10~20 days. The pH values of all treatments at the final day were stabilized to the low alkali levels. The contents of total carbon during the period of composting tend to decrease and total nitrogen was increased for factor of reduction of volume. CEC value of all treatments during the period of composting tends to increase. The round paper chromatogram of extracted solution of KL sample was the sharpest and clearest among all treatments. The G.I. values of CB, KB, and KL in 30th day of composting were about 95.1, 77.7, and 98.7 in germination test using chinese cabbage, respectively. Conclusively, all turfgrass clippings used in this experiment were composted well, suitable as composting products standardized by KSC. The maturity of the final compost samples is best in KL, followed by CB and KB treatments. The turfgrass compost can contribute to the plant cultivation for environment-friendly farm, and the results of this study can become the basic data of turfgrass clippings compost. Further research on the mixing ratio of each material is required to produce compost of good quality. 문화생활의 향상과 더불어 골프를 즐기는 인구는 해를 거듭할수록 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 골프장 설립도 활발하여 현재 200여개 이상의 골프장이 운영, 건설 혹은 착공을 준비하고 있어 발생되는 잔디 예초물의 양도 계속 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 골프장에서 발생되는 잔디예초물을 농업적인 유기자원으로 재활용하기 위하여 호기적정체식퇴비화장치에서 잔디의 종류에 따른 퇴비화를 약 30일간 진행하면서 시료를 채취하여 이화학성을 분석하여 부숙도를 평가하였으며 실험에 사용한 잔디예초물의 초종은 Creeping Bentgrass(CB), Kentucky Bluegrass(KB), Korean Lawngrass(KL)이며 보조재료로는 계분과 탈지강, 처리구는 잔디예초물 초종별로 CB, KB, KL의 세 처리구를 선정하였다. 퇴비화 기간 동안 온도는 급격히 상승하여 약 20일 후 CB, KB, KL 처리구가 각각 57.9℃, 67.8℃, 74.3℃의 최고온도를 보였고, 주 발효기간이 끝나고 30일차 부근에서는 35.2~41.6℃로 낮아져 안정화되었다. 처리구의 pH는 상승하여 적정 pH인 6.0~8.5 범위에 준하는 8.25, 7.84, 8.34의 값을 나타내었고, 각 처리구의 C/N 비는 감소하여 11.7~13.5 범위에서 완료하였다. 배추, 상추종자를 이용한 식물독성실험에서는 KL의 G.I.값이 98.7, 78.2로 가장 높은 결과를 보였으며 원형여지크로마토그래피에서도 KL이 가장 빨리 전개되었다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 KL, CB, KB의 순으로 퇴비의 부숙이 잘 되었으며 비료공정규격에도 모두 적합하였다. 향후에는 양질의 퇴비를 생산하기 위한 잔디예초물의 혼합비율에 따른 퇴비화연구와 작물재배 실증시험 등의 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

우분과 피마자박을 이용한 퇴비화 과정 중 부숙도 평가

장기운,홍주화,이종진,한기필,김남천 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2008 농업과학연구 Vol.35 No.1

This study was conducted to find an optimal combination rate of castor meal for the good qualitative compost and to estimate the humification grade by physico-chemical characterization and phyto-toxicity test during composting of the mixture with cow manure and castor meal. The material ratios of the compost which was mixed with cow manure(C), castor meal(C), and saw dust(S) were 5 : 1 : 4(CCS-1), 5 : 2.5 : 2.5(CCS-2) and 5 : 4 : 1(CCS-3) by volume to volume, and they were decomposed for 60 days. In the result, the changes of temperature in all treatments during composting radically increased more than 63.6℃ at the incipient stage, and gradually decreased around 42℃. At the 60 days after the treatment, pH was slowly increased from 7.0 to 8.0, and the C/N ratio was 12.3∼13.8 at the final composting stage. The low C/N ratio value was caused by the castor meal with high nitrogen level(T-N 5.7%). G.I.(germination index) showed in the range of 77.5 to 82.6 in all treatments. Among all treatments CCS-1 was appeared to be the best condition for composting. Therefore, the combination rate of castor meal which was used for compost humification improvement could be recommended 10% to manufacture the good qualitative cow manure compost.

미 발효된 청국장 콩의 시비가 토양의 이화학적 성질 변화와 상추의 생육에 미치는 영향

홍주화,장기운,이종진,강영모,조천휘,한기필 유기성자원학회 2006 유기물자원화 Vol.14 No.4

This investigation into unfermented soybeans, which were left from the soybeans used to make cheongguk-jang, was conducted to find out its availability of the application to the environmental-friendly fertilizers. The test of cultivating lettuce, using 1/5000a Wagner pot, was carried out inside the affiliated farm glasshouse, belonged to University of Chung-Nam National. The results showed that in the category of leaf length, the control and cheongguk-jang soybeans treatment plot had similar outcomes and in the category of the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybeans, it increased by about 26~33%. And in the categories of width and number of leaves it showed that the extract treatment increased by about 9~20%, in compared to the control. Finally, in the category of fresh weight, the results showed that cheongguk-jang soybean and the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean effectively increased by about 9~27%, and that pig manure compost treatment plot with the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean also significantly increased by about 26%, compared to the control. Accordingly, the unfermented soybean left in the production of cheongguk-jang and the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean are considerably appeared to be valuable environmental-friendly fertilizers. 본 연구는 청국장을 만들기 위해 사용되는 콩 중에서 발효가 되지 않아 버려지는 콩을 이용하여 친환경농업에 맞는 유기질비료와 액비로서의 활용 가능여부를 알아보기 위해 충남대학교 부속농장 유리온실에서 1/5000a Wagner pot을 이용해 상추 재배시험을 수행하였다. 생육조사 결과 엽장의 경우 대조구와 청국장 콩을 첨가한 CS 처리구는 비슷한 결과를 보였으며, 청국장 콩 추출액(액비)을 엽면시비 한 CSE 처리구의 경우 26~33% 증가율을 보였다. 그리고 엽폭과 엽수에서도 CSE 처리구가 대조구보다 9~20%정도 높은 결과를 나타냈다. 생체중은 청국장 콩과 추출액(액비)을 엽면시비 한 CSE 처리구가 대조구에 비해 9~27% 정도 수량증가 효과를 보였고, 퇴비와 청국장 콩 추출액(액비)를 추비형식으로 시비한 CE 처리구에서도 대조구보다 최대 26% 정도 수량증대 효과를 나타냈다. 따라서 청국장 제조시 버려지는 미 발효된 청국장 콩과 추출액(액비)이 친환경농업에 맞는 유기질비료와 액비로서의 가치가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

댐부유물톱밥과하수슬러지를이용한퇴비화연구

류지훈,이종진,홍주화,이규승,박관수,장기운,한기필 유기성자원학회 2010 유기물자원화 Vol.18 No.1

This study was carried out on the composting of the most part of the plant waste materialsinflowed-drifting into the dam during the localized heavy rain and the rainy season, due to theabnormal climate change, and for the sewage sludge banned to dispose legally into the oceanfrom the year of 2012. It was analysed the distinctive physicochemical qualities of the compostwith treatment S-1(dam suspended particle sawdust : oak tree bark : sewage sludge : chickenmanure = 30 : 20 : 40 : 10) and treatment S-2(dam suspended particle sawdust : oak tree bark :sewage sludge : chicken manure = 30 : 30 : 30 : 10). Both S-1 and S-2 maintained for 10 daysat above 65℃of the compost pile temperature, and the most of its pathogen were destroyed. Incase of pH, until the 90th day into composting, S-1 with the pH value of 7.78 was slightly higherthan S-2. The C/N value of S-1 was 15.3 and that of S-2 was 16.9. The quality of its finalproduct was satisfied to the manufacture-standards. The GI value of S-1 was 91 higher thanthat of S-2, which was 84. In conclusion, it is highly recommendable to manufacture S-1 for itsfrequent usage of dam suspended particle sawdust and sewage sludge, and for its excellentquality and safety. 기후변화에따른집중호우와장마로댐내에가장많이유입되는초목류와2012년부터해양투기가전면금지되는하수슬러지의자원재활용방안으로퇴비화연구를수행하였다. 처리구는댐부유물톱밥, 참나무수피, 하수슬러지, 계분을30 : 20 : 40 : 10 (S-1)과, 댐부유물톱밥, 참나무수피, 하수슬러지, 계분을30 : 30 : 30 : 10(S-2)로설정하여퇴비화과정중이화학적특성등을분석하였다. S-1과S-2 처리구모두퇴적더미내부온도가65℃이상에서10일정도유지되어대부분의병원균이사멸되었고, 최종90일째pH는S-1 처리구가7.78로S-2 처리구보다약간더높았다. C/N율은S-1 처리구가15.3, S-2 처리구는16.9 였다. 최종제품의품질은부산물비료퇴비공정규격에적합하였다. 부숙도평가에서발아지수는S-1이91, S-2가84로S-1이더높은부숙도를보였다. 따라서우수한품질과안전성, 그리고댐부유물톱밥과하수슬러지의이용량이가장많은배합비율인S-1(댐부유물톱밥: 참나무수피: 하수슬러지: 계분= 30 : 20 : 40 : 10)으로제품을생산하는것이바람직하다.

축분 퇴비의 이화학적 특성과 발아지수를 이용한 부숙도 평가

장기운(Ki-Woon Chang),홍주화(Joo-Hwa Hong),이종진(Jong-Jin Lee),한기필(Ki-Pil Han),김남천(Nam-Cheon Kim) 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.41 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the humification grade of compost, based on physico-chemical property and phyto-toxicity during the composting with three kinds of livestock manures and saw dust. The ratios of the compost, which was mixed with pig manure(P) and sawdust(S) were 4 : 6(PS-1), 5 : 5(PS- 2) and 6 : 4(PS-3); poultry manure(PO) and sawdust(S) were 4 : 6(POS-1), 5 : 5(POS-2) and 6 : 4(POS-3); cow manure(C) and sawdust(S) were 4 : 6(CS-1), 5 : 5(CS-2) and 6 : 4(CS-3) by volume to volume, and they were decomposed for 60 days. In the result, the temperature in all treatments during composting rapidly increased above 65.4℃, and then gradually decreased to around 40℃. At 60 day, after the treatment, pH 5.9~8.0 at the incipient stage increased to 7.6 ~ 8.5, and the C/N ratio was 13.8~21.1 at the final composting stage. Germination Index(G.I.) showed in the range of 75.1~94.6 in all treatments at day 60. Therefore, it is likely recommended to take the best humification grade when the temperature maintains above 65℃ longer than a day at minimum, in the range of pH 6.5~8.5 for the final compost, under 20 of C/N ratio, and G.I. above 80. The level of G.I. above 80 should be the mature compost which could be used in the field without gas demage to crops.

느타리 버섯배지 부산물비료 퇴비의 상추 생육에 미치는 효과

홍주화 ( Joo Hwa Hong ),장기운 ( Ki Woon Chang ),윤기준 ( Ki Jun Yune ),이종진 ( Jong Jin Lee ),한기필 ( Ki Pil Han ) 한국토양비료학회 2007 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.2007 No.1

느타리 버섯배지 부산물비료 퇴비의 상추 생육에 미치는 효과

홍주화(Joo-Hwa Hong),장기운(Ki-Woon Chang),윤기준(Ki-Jun Yune),이종진(Jong-Jin Lee),한기필(Ki-Pil Han) 한국토양비료학회 2007 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2007 No.10

수분조절제로서 피트모스 및 코코피트를 이용한 계분 발효 특성 및 시비효과

김영선(Young Sun Kim),이태순(Tae Soon Lee),조성현(Sung Hyun Cho),정제용(Je Yong Jeong),안지예(Ji Ye An),이종진(Jong Jin Lee),한기필(Ki Pil Han),홍주화(Joo Hwa Hong) 유기성자원학회 2017 유기물자원화 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 계분 발효에서 수분조절제로 톱밥을 대신하여 피트모스와 코코피트를 사용하였을 때, 계분발효에 미치는 영향과 이들의 시비효과를 조사하였다. 처리구는 계분 단독처리구(OP), 톱밥+계분처리구(SP), 피트모스+계분처리구(PP) 및 코코피트+계분처리구(CP)로 설정하였다. OP나 SP 처리구와 비교할 때, 계분 발효시 50℃이상을 나타내는 기간이 PP와 CP 처리구에서 35일로 약 10일 정도 길었고, 퇴비화 후 45일 경 PP와 CP 처리구의 수분 함량은 약 50% 정도로 10% 정도 높은 경향을 보였다. 계분 발효과정에서 PP와 CP 처리구의 EC는 SP 처리구보다 증가하였고, pH와 유기물대 질소비는 처리구별 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 발효 종료 후 가공계분의 질소, 인산 및 칼리함량은 가공계분의 공정규격에 적합하였다. 상추, 케일 및 갓에 대한 재배시험 결과, PP와 CP 처리구는 OP나 SP 처리구보다 생육이 우수하였고 수량이 증가하였다. This study was conducted to evaluate plant growth responses and characteristics of composting poultry manure with peatmoss and cocopeat as bulking agent. Treatments were designed as follows; only poultry manure (OP), sawdust+poultry manure (SP), peatmoss+poultry manure (PP), and cocopeat+poultry manure (CP). Period maintained 50℃ over in compost pile of PP and CP was 35 days that longer about 10 days than that of OP or SP, and water content of PP and CP after composting 45 days 50% that was higher about 10%. While poultry manure composted, EC values of PP and CP were higher than that of SP, and pH and OM/N ratio not significant. After finished composting poultry, physicochemical properties of dried all composts were matched on Korean fertilizer guideline. As compared with OP or SP, applications of PP and CP were improved growth and productivity of lettuce, kale and mustard leaf.

가공계분 함유 혼합유기질비료의 시비효과

김영선(Young Sun Kim),이태순(Tae Soon Lee),조성현(Sung Hyun Cho),정제용(Je Yong Jeong),안지예(Ji Ye An),이종진(Jong Jin Lee),한기필(Ki Pil Han),홍주화(Joo Hwa Hong) 유기성자원학회 2017 유기물자원화 Vol.25 No.3

유기질비료 원료로서 가공계분은 질소, 인산, 칼리함량이 높고 본 연구는 수분조절제의 종류에 따라 다른 특성을 나타낸다. 본 연구는 수분조절제로서 톱밥과 피트모스를 혼합하여 발효한 두 종류의 가공계분을 혼합유기질비료의 원료로 이용하였을 때, 배합비율별 유기질비료의 이화학적 특성 및 작물생육 특성을 조사하였다. 톱밥이나 피트모스를 수분조절제로 첨가하여 발효시킨 가공계분이 함유된 혼합유기질비료는 가공계분이 10∼30 % 함유된 혼합유기질비료에서 비료공정규격에 적합하였다. 톱밥 가공계분(PMCS)이나 피트모스 가공계분(PMCP)을 10∼30 %정도 함유한 혼합유기질비료 처리구는 작물의 생육(건물중)이 증가하였다. 가공계분별배합비율과 작물생육지수와 상관관계를 조사한 결과, PMCS 함유 혼합유기질비료와 작물의 생육 지수에서 영향을 미치지 않았고, PMCP 함유 혼합유기질비료의 시비는 작물의 생육 및 생산량이 증가하였다(P<0.05). 이들 결과를 종합할 때, 가공계분은 혼합유기질비료의 원료로 사용이 가능하였고, 혼합유기질비료 중 가공계분의 적정함유량은 10∼30 %였으며, 시비에 의해 작물 생육이 증가하였다. Poultry manure compost (PMC) as the organic fertilizer sources has a high nutrient content such as nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, and its properties been affected by bulking agent. This study was conducted to evaluate properties of mixed organic fertilizer (MOF) containing PMC composting with sawdust and peat moss as bulking agent, and to measure a characteristics of plant growth by their application. The MOF containing 10∼30 % PMC had a coincidency with its guideline in Korea. As applied with MOF containing PMC composting with sawdust (PMCS) or MOF containing PMC composting with peat moss (PMCP), dry weight of plant was increased in MOF treatments blending with 10∼30 % PMCS or 10∼30 % PMCP. In correlation coefficient between blending ratio of PMC in MOFs and plant growth indexes, PMCS was not significantly different, but its PMCP a positive effect (P<0.05). These results indicated that PMC was able to blend about 10∼30 % as mixed organic fertilizer source, and its application increased in plant growth.