Does Taekwondo improve physical fitness in adults older than 50?: A systematic review and meta-analysis

하성희,전형규,김민진,박정우,이인제 국기원 2023 국기원태권도연구 Vol.14 No.3

Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to assess the effect of Taekwondo training on improving physical fitness in adults older than 50. Methods We used the electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, RISS, NDSL, and KISS, between January 1967 and March 2020 using the keywords “Taekwondo” AND “physical fitness” in Korean or English. The effect size using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals was calculated for these variables to make comparisons between studies. Results Thirty-one studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Significant positive effects of Taekwondo training were found on body fat (SMD=0.43), body mass index (SMD=0.21), body weight (SMD=0.30), static balance (SMD=-0.79), flexibility of lower body (SMD=-0.40), aerobic capacity (SMD=-0.47), agility (SMD=0.60), gait ability (SMD=-0.93), muscle endurance of lower body (SMD=-0.79), muscle endurance of upper body (SMD=-0.79), strength of lower body (SMD= -1.02), and strength of upper body (SMD=-0.39). No statistical differences were observed in fat-free mass, waist-hip ratio, dynamic balance, flexibility of the upper body, and power. Conclusion Overall, the findings of this meta-analysis support that Taekwondo can have a positive impact on the physical fitness in adults older than 50. In order to validate the current findings, future research should focus on well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and implement Taekwondo intervention studies at multiple levels taking into account the limitations discussed.

여성 축구선수의 하지정렬구조와 하지손상과의 연관성 분석

하성희,김종규,윤석훈,박상균 대한운동사협회 2014 대한운동사협회 워크숍자료집 Vol.39 No.-

가쪽 발목 염좌 병력 여부에 따른 유소년 운동선수의 동적 자세 제어 비교

하성희,김주년 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2023 체육과학연구 Vol.34 No.1

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the dynamic postural control of youth athletes with and without a history of lateral ankle sprains. METHODS Twentyeight youth athletes (14 lateral ankle sprain, 14 healthy control) participated in this study. All participants answered the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire and were subject to the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) for dynamic postural control evaluation to collect the joint angles of the lower extremity, a center of pressure (COP) path, and COP velocity. Independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test were performed to analyze the difference between the groups. RESULTS The lateral ankle sprain group (LAS) was found to have a long experience in participating in sports, and low Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores were identified when compared to the healthy control (CON; p<0.05). LAS was observed with a short reach distance, less hip flexion, and dorsiflexion angles during the anterior direction of SEBT when compared to CON (p<0.05). Furthermore, LAS showed a slower anteroposterior and mediolateral center of pressure velocities in the posteromedial aspect of SEBT and a slower anteroposterior COP velocity in the posterolateral aspect of SEBT when compared to that of CON (p<0.05). There were no differences between the groups with respect to the other variables (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, decreased anterior reach distance of SEBT may be affected by changing the dynamic posture control strategy of the lower extremity joint on the sagittal plane in LAS. [목적] 본 연구의 목적은 유소년 운동선수의 발목염좌 경험 여부에 따른 동적 자세 조절 능력 차이를 관찰하는데 있다. [방법] 28명(발목손상 집단 14명, 건강한 집단 14명)의 유소년 운동선수가 본 연구에 참여하였다. 모든 대상자는 주관적 발목 불안정성 평가 설문지를 작성하였고, 동적자세조절 능력 평가인 Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)에 참여하여 하지관절각, 압력중심점(center of pressure, COP) 범위 및 속도를 수집하였다. 통계처리는 각 변인의 집단 간차이를 분석하기 위해 정규성 검정에 따라 독립표본 t 검정 또는 Mann-Whitney U 검정을 실시하였다. [결과] 발목손상 집단(LAS)은 스포츠 참여 경력이 건강한 집단(CON)에 비해 오래되었고 주관적 발목 불안정성 평가점수가 낮게 관찰되었다(p <0.05). LAS는 CON에 비해 SEBT의 앞쪽에서 짧은 도달 거리, 적은 엉덩관절 굽힘 및 발등굽힘 각도가 관찰되었다(p <0.05). 또한, LAS는 CON보다 SEBT의 뒤안쪽에서 앞-뒤 및 가-안쪽 COP 속도가 더느렸고, SEBT의 뒤가쪽에서 앞-뒤 COP 속도가 더 느리게 나타났다(p <0.05). 그 외 다른 변인에서는 그룹 간에 차이가 없었다(p >0.05). [결론] 본 연구의 결과를 기반으로 SEBT 앞쪽 수행 시 LAS는 시상면에서 하지 관절의 동적 자세 제어 전략을 변경함으로써 도달 거리를 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다.

여성선수의 신경인지 능력과 전방십자인대 손상 위험요인과의 관계

하성희,박상균 한국융합학회 2018 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.9 No.8

본 연구의 목적은 여성선수의 신경인지능력이 양발 착지 시 비접촉성 전방십자인대 손상의 위험요인과 어떠한 관계 가 있는지 규명하는 것이다. 여성선수 32명을 대상으로 신경인지검사와 양발 착지에 대한 동작분석을 실시하였다. 전산화된 신경인지 검사의 원점수와 동작분석을 통해 산출된 3차원 관절각, 모멘트, 파워, 수직지면반력, 부하율, 지지시간의 상관관계 분석을 위해 피어슨의 정률상관분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 신경인지 점수가 높을수록 착지 시 자세유지를 위한 전략을 사용하는 것이 관찰되었다. 따라서 신경인지 검사는 잠재적인 전방십자인대 손상의 위험인자를 검출하기 위한 스크리닝 방 법으로 사용 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the neurocognitive ability and the risk factors of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries during landing in female recreational athletes. Thirty-two female athletes participated in computerized neurocognition test and motion analysis for drop vertical jump. Pearson's linear correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between the raw scores of neurocognition test and biomechanical variables including 3D joint angle, moment, power, vertical ground reaction force, loading rate, and support time. There were correlations between the scores of neurocognition test and biomechanical variables as high the neurocognition score, it also increase landing strategies were used to maintain posture of the lower extremity. Therefore, the neurocognitive test might be used as a good screening method to detect the risk factors before injury.

발목 관절 염좌 후 하퇴근 근활성도의 특성

하성희,이현옥,김선엽,김종순,Ha, Sung-Hee,Lee, Hyun-Ok,Kim, Suhn-Yeop,Kim, Jong-Soon 대한물리치료학회 2005 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.17 No.4

The purpose of this study was to measure magnitude of lower leg muscle activity during dynamic stability tests performed on an unstable board by subjects with sprained lateral ankles. Fifteen lateral ankle sprain subjects(8 male, 7 female) participated in this study. The muscle activity was measured at gastrocnemious, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus during dynamic stability tests performed on Biodex stability system as surface EMG. The EMG amplitude of each muscle was normalized to the amplitude in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) of each muscle. As results, peroneus longus evidenced significant difference at stable and unstable grade comparing injured with uninjured sides. Gastrocnemious and tibialis anterior evidenced no significant difference. Change of muscle activity with stable and unstable grade evidenced no significant difference on injured and uninjured sides. The data provided information on peroneus longus contributes to dynamic stability after lateral ankle sprains. Peroneus longus training program may have to be emphasized after an ankle sprain.

여성 축구선수의 하지정렬구조와 하지손상 유형 분석-2013년 시즌 중 손상특성중심으로

하성희,김종규,윤석훈,박상균 대한운동학회 2014 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.16 No.3

[PURPOSE] The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between anatomical characteristics of lower extremity and incidence and type of injury. [METHOD] Ninety-seven female soccer players participated in the study. Quadriceps angle, rearfoot angle and leg length of both leg were measured before the season started. Two way repeated measures, multiple response analysis, and odd's ratio were applied to find the differences at an alpha level of .05. [RESULT] Q-angle and rearfoot angle were significantly different between dominant and non dominant leg. The ankle was the most injured site followed by the knee, the upper leg, the foot, the lower leg, the hip, and the groin. Also, the ligament and muscle were the most injured structure of the lower extremity. The mechanisms of injury were overuse, non contact, and contact injuries. Types of movement related to injury were running, shooting, landing, passing, tackling, changing direction, defending and dribbling. The types of injury were sprain, tear, tendinitis, strain, contusion, and fracture. Q-angle of non dominant leg was significantly different between ACL injured group and non ACL injured group. [CONCLUSION] Based on the results, the asymmetry of Q-angle and rear foot angle would be the predictors of ACL injury in female soccer players. Thus, measurements of lower extremity alignments which can be easily measured in the field would be included for the development of effective injury prevention interventions for female soccer players. [목적] 본 연구의 목적은 하지정렬구조 측정을 통해서 하지정렬구조를 손상예측지표로 제시하고 실제 하지정렬구조와 발생한 손상과의 연관성을 밝히는데 있다. [방법] 97명 여성축구선수를 대상으로 Q-angle, 후족각, 다리길이를 측정한 후 1년 동안 선수들의 하지손상을 관찰하였다. 통계방법은 이원배치 반복측정 분산분석, 다중응답 빈도분석, Odd's ratio를 사용하였고 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. [결과] Q-angle과 후족각에서 주측발이 비주측발보다 크게 나타났다. 2013년 시즌동안 발생한 손상 중 부위는 발목, 손상조직은 인대, 손상원인은 과사용, 동작은 런닝, 형태는 염좌가 가장 빈번한 것으로 나타났다. Q-angle과 후족각, 다리길이에 따른 하지 전체 손상발생과 관련성은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 비주측발의 Q-angle에서는 전방십자인대 손상 집단이 비손상 집단보다 작게 나타났다. 전방십자인대손상 유무와 주측발에 따른 상호작용효과는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(F(1,95)=3.823, p=.05). 후족각은 전방십자인대 비손상 집단의 주측발에 비해 비주측발이 작게 나타났다. [결론] 주측발과 비주측발 사이의 Q-angle 차이는 무릎 손상 위험요인으로 제시할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 특히 전방십자인대 손상을 예측하는 위험요인으로 제시할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 후족각이 7도 이상 나타나거나 주측발과 비주측발의 각도 차이 발생은 발목 손상을 예측하는 위험요인으로 제시할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

여성 축구선수의 연령별 손상예방 인식과 손상유형의 특성

하성희,김종규,박상균 대한운동학회 2013 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.15 No.3

[INTRODUCTION] Injury history has been speculated as a strong risk factor of a major injury in sports. Especially, high injury incidences in young female soccer players would increase the level of injury risk in the later stages of their career. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate an awareness of the importance about injury prevention and types of injuries in different age female soccer players. [METHOD] One hundred and fifty female soccer players in high school, college and semi-professional team participated in the survey in order to get information about awareness of injury prevention, types of exercise, physiological condition and injury history over the last one year. The differences between age groups were analyzed using χ² and repeated ANOVA with the Bonferroni adjustment. [RESULT] Based on the results, there were significant differences in awareness of injury prevention, the duration of practice and physiological conditions between three groups. In the survey regarding injury type over the last one year, the ankle region is the most injured site followed by the thigh, the knee region, the low back pain, the hip and the pelvic. [CONCLUSION] In conclusion, there was a tendency to show an increase in an awareness of injury prevention with age but the level of injury incidences was increased in college and semi-professional soccer players compared to high school players. It is speculated that high level of injury incidences in semi-professional players would be related with their overuse of the joint and injury history even though the level of awareness about injury prevention was high. Therefore, a proper education about injury prevention to the athletes and coaches and an application of effective injury intervention program for adolescent players would be recommended. [서론] 선행연구에 의하면 과거에 발생된 손상 경험은 손상발생을 증가시키는 위험요인으로 작용할 것으로 알려졌다. 특히 여성선수의 경우 아동기에서 청소년기 사이에 발생한 손상은 성인기 손상발생 위험을 증가시킨다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 여성 축구선수의 연령별 손상예방 인식수준과 손상유형의 특성을 파악하여 선수와 지도자들에게 손상에 관한 인식을 높이고 차후에 손상예방과 관리 방안을 찾는데 목적이 있다. [방법] 고등학교, 대학교, 실업의 여성축구선수 150명을 대상으로 훈련, 경기 중 손상인식, 운동형태, 생리상태, 최근 1년간 손상특성조사를 위해 설문을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 집단 간 일반적 특성과 손상예방인식 차이경향을 알아보기 위해 χ2검정과 일원변량분석을 이용하였으며, 내적차이검증은 본페로니 방법을 이용하였다. [결과] 선수들의 손상예방 인식정도는 고등학교에 비해 대학교, 실업으로 전향되면서 인식이 유의하게 변화되는 경향을 나타내었다. 훈련정도와 생리 상태는 고등학교, 대학교, 실업사이에 유의하게 변화되는 경향을 나타내었다. 1년간 발생된 손상부위는 발목, 무릎, 대퇴부, 허리, 엉덩이와 골반 순으로 빈도가 높았다. [결론] 여성 축구선수의 손상예방 인식수준은 연령이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 손상발생 또한 고등학교와 대학교에 비해 실업팀이 높았다. 실업팀 선수의 손상예방인식 수준은 높지만 과거의 손상경험과 과사용으로 인한 만성손상 등이 손상발생을 높인 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 아동기 때부터 손상예방인식의 향상을 위한 교육과 손상예방 방법을 선수와 지도자에게 권고할 필요성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

국내 생활체육인과 전문체육인의 중증 발목 염좌 관리 실태조사

하성희,이세용,이인제 한국스포츠학회 2021 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 국내 스포츠 참여인구의 연령별 발목 염좌 후 관리에 관한 현 실태를 이해하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 2019 스포츠 안전사고 실태조사에 응한 11,745명(생활체육인 7,725명, 전문체육인 4,020명)의 스포츠 참여 인구 중 본 연구 목적에 부합하는 대상자 564명(생활체육인 238명, 전문체육인 326명)을 분석하였다. 통계처리는 교차분석과 Mann-Whiteny U-test를 실시하였다. 발목염좌를 보고한 생활체육인은 나이에 따라 경력, 종목, 치료기간, 후유증, 스포츠 참여빈도에서 통계적 차이가 나타났다(p < 0.05). 발목 염좌를 보고한 전문체육인의 경우 경력, 기술수준, 운동량, 종목에서 차이가 나타났다(p < 0.05). 그 외 문항에서는 생활체육인과 전문체육인 모두 통계적 차이가 관찰되지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 연구결과를 종합하면 13~29세의 생활체육인과 전문체육인의 중증 발목 염좌 관리 실태에 대한 기초자료로 서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study was to understand the current situation in Korea regarding the management of sports participants after ankle sprain. This study was conducted on 564 subjects (238 recreational athletes, 326 elite athletes) who met the purpose of this study among the sports participation population of 11,745 people (7,725 recreational athletes, 4,020 elite athletes) who responded to the 2019 sports safety accident survey. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square analysis and Mann-Whiteny U-test. There were statistical differences in career, sports, treatment period, sequelae, and frequency of sports participation according to age in the recreational athletes with ankle sprains (p < 0.05). In the case of elite athletes who reported ankle sprains, there were differences in career, skill level, exercise volume, and sports (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was observed for other items in both athletes (p > 0.05). Based on the findings, it is expected that it may be used as basic data on the management of severe ankle sprains of 13-29-year-old recreational and elite athletes.

이중과제 걷기 시 과제 난이도가 만성 발목 불안정성의 시공간 보행 변인에 미치는 영향

하성희,이인제 한국스포츠학회 2023 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 만성 발목 불안정성(chronic ankle instability, CAI) 집단과 건강한 대조군의 이중과제 걷기 시 과제 난이도가 시공간 보행 변인에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구대상자는 CAI를 가진 남성 9명과 건강한 남성 대조군 9명을 모집하였다. 모든 연구대상자는 선호 속도 걷기, 두 가지 이중과제 걷기를 수행하였다. 모든 걷기는 Optogait를 통해 분석되었으며 시공간 보행 변인을 산출하였다. 과제 난이도별 인지비용은 걷기속력을 통해 산출하였으며 Wilcoxon Rank 검정을 통해 비교하였다. 그룹 간 비교를 위해 Mann-Whitney U 검정과 과제 난이도에 따른 차이 비교를 위해 Friedman 검정을 수행하였다. 집단 간 인지비용 차이는 유의하지 않았고 과제 난이도 간 인지비용은 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p=.012). 100-7 이중과제 걷기 시 한다리지지기에서 집단 간 유의한 차이가 관찰되었으며(p=.015), 과제 난이도에 따라서 모든 시공간 보행 변인은 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 본 연구 결과, 과제 난이도가 증가할 때 두다리지지기를 증가시키고 걷기속력을 늦추면서 안정적으로 걷고자 하였으며 CAI 집단에서도 높은 과제 난이도를 수행할 때 한다리지지기를 감소시키며 안정적인 걷기를 위한 전략을 수행하였다. 이러한 전략은 에너지 효율에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 관절 압박력을 증가시킬 수 있으므로 이를 완화할 수 있는 중재 전략이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to identify differences in spatiotemporal gait parameters between those with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) during dual-task walking. Nine participants were recruited for the CAI and control groups respectively. All participants performed normal walking and 2 dual-tasks walking. All tasks were analyzed and spatiotemporal gait parameters were exported using Optogait. Cognitive costs were calculated using walking speed. The Wilcoxon Rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test were performed for statistical analyses. For cognitive costs, there were significantly different between task difficulties (p=.012). The CAI group showed decreased single limb support compared to the control group during 100-7 (p=.015). In addition, all spatiotemporal gait parameters were significant between task difficulties (p<.05). Our findings revealed that all participants walked using safer gait strategies including increased double limb support and slower walking speed with task difficulties increased. Moreover, the CAI group decreased single limb support to walk more stably. Aforementioned walking strategies may have a negative effect on energy efficiency and increase the peak compression to the talocrural joint. Therefore, intervention programs for those with CAI should be included to alleviate negative effects of slower walking observed in this study.

유아교육기관의 원격부모교육에 대한 운영 실태와 원장의 인식 및 요구

하성희,전유영 한국어린이문학교육학회 2023 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.24 No.3

This study analyzed the operation status, the director's perception, and the demand of the early childhood education institution's remote parent education. The subjects of the study were 317 directors of early childhood education institutions located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and frequency analysis and cross-analysis were conducted on the collected data. The results are as follows. First, as a result of examining the operation status of remote parent education, it was found that 53.6% of institutions conducted remote parent education after COVID-19. As for the method of remote parent education, most institutions conducted it in a “group interactive” manner. Second, as a result of examining the perception of remote parent education, the majority of directors responded that remote parent education was necessary. The most common reason that remote parent education was necessary was “because it can be taken anytime, anywhere.” The most common advantage of remote parent education was that “there are few restrictions on time and space,” and the disadvantage of remote parent education was that “there is a limit to relationship formation due to a lack of close interaction with parents.” In addition, a majority of the directors responded that even after COVID-19, remote parent education and face-to-face parent education will be conducted at a similar rate. Third, as a result of the director's demand for remote parent education, the external support needed to conduct remote parent education was to “develop and provide content suitable for remote education.” In remote parent education, “education on the role and parenting attitude of parents” was the highest, and “composition of attractive lecture contents that increase parents’ concentration” was the part that needed their own efforts. The results of this study are expected to provide guidance to new directions for parent education required in modern society.