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      • KCI등재

        길경(桔梗)발효 추출물의 알레르기성 소양행동 억제효과연구

        하미애 ( Mi Ae Ha ),김진우 ( Jin Woo Kim ),이신우 ( Shin Woo Lee ),전현식 ( Hyun Sik Chun ),조영손 ( Young Son Cho ),신용욱 ( Yong Wook Shin ) 대한본초학회 2014 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

        Objectives : Platycodon Root is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases of the throat. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of the EtOH extract of fermented Platycodon grandiflorum on the ameliorative effects on the Antipruritic Effect of atopic dermatitis mouse model induced by compound 48/80 and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic responses in mice. Methods : In the present study, we examined the anti allergic effect of Platycodon grandiflorum (PR) and its fermented production (FPR) in several mouse model. We measured acute ear edema in a mouse model caused by TPA and consecutively histological change of Ear tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. and also Scratching behaviors by compound 48/80 was investigated. The levels of allergic mediators such as immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and anti-oxidant markers such as SOD and MDA in the sera of OVA induced allergic mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : FPR inhibited compoud 48/80-induced scratching behavior in mice, as well as acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. The anti-scratching behavioral effect of FPR was more potent than PR. FPR extract significantly decreased the serum levels of IgE and MDA compared with those of OVA control group. Conclusions : These results indicate that Anti allergic effect of Platycodon grandiflorum is enhanced by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisae and FPR may be useful for protection from the itching reactions, which are IgE-mediated representative skin allergic diseases.

      • KCI등재

        국우(菊芋) 증자가 혈당강하작용에 미치는 영향

        김진우,하미애,신용욱,Kim, Jin-Woo,Ha, Mi-Ae,Shin, Yong-Wook 대한본초학회 2017 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.32 No.5

        Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of Helianthus tuberosi Rhizoma extracts and its optimum Heat processing conditions Methods : We investigated the Salivary ${\alpha}$-amylase, pancreas ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of extracts from Steam Heated Helianthus tuberosi Rhizoma Ext. The inhibitory activities of a 50% EtOH extract of Steam Heated Helianthus tuberosi Rhizoma Ext against ${\alpha}$-glucosidases were evaluated in this study. Inhibiting these enzymes involved in the absorption of disaccharides significantly decreases the postprandial increase in blood glucose level after a mixed carbohydrate diet. Furthermore, the postprandial blood glucose lowering effect of Steam Heated Helianthus tuberosi Rhizoma Ext. was compared to a known type 2 diabetes drug(Acarbose(R)) in a mice model. Steam Heated Helianthus tuberosus L. Ext significantly reduced the blood glucose increase after glucose loading. Results : The results were confirmed by real-time PCR that after treated with Streptozotocin in L6 cells, induced expression of GLUT4, after the steamed Helianthus tuberosus L. Ext. treated, observed its expression was increased. Steam Heated Helianthus tuberosus L Ext treated 4 hours in L6 cells, cytotoxicity was measured in MTT assay. Its toxicity were 5.7%, 9% and 11.3% at the treatment concentration $12.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $25{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, the $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively. Conclusions : Overall, the results of this study indicate that Hypoglycemic effect of Helianthus tuberosi Rhizoma caused by the Steam heat treatment, the optimum Heat processing condition is steamming at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, and it will provide the basis for developing a useful dietary supplement for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia.

      • KCI등재

        Larkin 시에 나타난 부정의 형식과 효과

        하미애 현대영미어문학회 1998 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.1

        Larkin's poetry demonstrates a noticeable preoccupation with pattern and forces of negation. There is the Larkin poem whose semantics are made negative due to its subject. matter(physical death and the death of consciousness are prime subjects in this respect). Clausal and sub-clausal types of negation, are also unmistakable aspects of Larkin's syntax. The physical absence that is constantly creating in Larkin feelings of emptiness. dreadfulness, and darkness, is death. The first type of absence for which Larkin expresses a simple yearning always thrills him as it may relieve him of burdens of sociability and painful consciousness that comes along with knowledge. But as he comes to reflect on the second he appears frightened, shaken, and even paralysed by the thought of it. His reaction to his own' absence is demonstrated in feelings of void, fear, and even theological despair. He points out that one's end comes so forcefully and inevitably that religion, which by the way he does not show interest in, fails as an escape· route to contravene its coming. Stylistically Larkin's negative vision of life is carried through negative structures and formations. He relies upon and manipulates negative sentences and other word-formations. He uses clausal and sub-clausal negation as means of presenting the kind of vision he seeks to convey. In Larkin's negative linguistic environment they bring into light sets of different actions and states of being before they cancel them out. Larkin's favorite part of speech as far as the negative formations are concerned is the adjective. Two classes of adjectives capture Larkin's attention, the comparative and more important the participial. Both, like verbs, are preceded by the same class-preserving negative prefix 'un', Both function either as heads of phrases serving as predicate complements in clause structures or pre-head modifiers in noun phrase structures. Mostly Larkin depends upon comparative adjective to give his concepts of ordinariness, love, marriage, and life. Or they may account for the dilemma of man in modern society And it appeilrs that Larkin's swing between the positive and negative aspect of the 'un-formation' like his manipulation of sentential negation, reflects a tendency on his part to reduce things down to their true dimensions and qualities. It is an aspect of his style that is designated to bring to light the human situations and emotions reveled in his poems.

      • KCI등재

        Shadows on the Rock에 나타난 미국의 꿈

        이경아,하미애 慶南大學校 人文科學硏究所 1998 人文論叢 Vol.10 No.-

        <ABSTRACT>The protagonists in Cather's novels written between 1920 and 1926 experience crises of self and desperately seek new avenues to personal fulfillment. In such portrayals. Cather moves farther away from any notion of success that centers on material gain or that elevates the individual, and toward an understanding the American Dream that is community-oriented and fundamentally at odds with wealth and position. Thus Cather in the early 1930's, when she wrote Shadow on the Rock, was still negotiating a position for herself on the American Dream.Published in 1931, Shadow on the Rock, seems an appropriate Depression-era novel, with its poor-but-happy, Shirley Temple type of heroine, who teaches her observers that they can find personal happiness without money or fame. And in the spirit of the Depression-era intellectual, more interested in a universal human community than in a specifically American community (Peeler 7), Cather "un-Americanizes" her setting by moving it beyond the United states to Canada. Cather at the end of this period seems especially to be reverencing communal values-represented by religion and Family-and perhaps thinking of abandoning or at least tempering the bolder individualism that early heroines such as Thea Kronborg and Marian Forrester display.At one point in the novel, Cather especially emphasizes this theme of traditions. In Shadows on the Rock, Cather clearly defines the community that more and more came to hold importance for her: the tradition-bearers who transmit values from past to present and preserve those values for future humanity. In fact, Cather in this novel uses religion as a concrete example of tradition: religion is not only a vehicle for the transmission of tradition, but it provides for those who cherish, practice, and spread it a sense of community and of belonging. For Cather, religion is a means of carrying that past to the future.Like religion, family gains importance as a symbol of community in this phase of Cather's writing. As Cather validates these two avenues to a tradition-based, self-affirming community-religion and family-she reflects a cultural shift in focus as America itself moved toward an era of economic upheaval and widespread disillusionment with the American Dream. The family community is actually elevated to the level of art and religion as a symbol of what must be preserved. The beauty and sacredness of family in this work perhaps reflects Cather's own growing awareness of how much her family meant to her. And Cather's need for family reflects not only a growing personal awareness of the importance of this initial community, but a growing national reawakening to the strength and power of the family as a unit.

      • KCI등재

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