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추석열,서정호,박태주,김동석,송승구 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1991 環境硏究報 Vol.9 No.-
This experiment was carried out to predict biomass concentration of attacted biofilm and to investigate fluidized-bed biofilm reactor (FBBR) performance of treating high organic loading rate. A number of experiments were conducted by increasing organic loading rate from 10kgCOD/㎥·day to 80kgCOD/㎥·day with superficial upflow velocity, 0.47cm/sec, operationg temperature, 22±1℃ and pH, 7±0.1. Glucose was used as a synthetic substrate. COD removal efficiencies were remarked as 73 to 96%, and the biomass concentration was increased up to 37,000mg/1. Under this experimental conditions, the FBBR was most efficiently operated at the F/M ratio of 1.7 and the biofilm thickness of 420㎛.
황영기,추석열 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1995 硏究論文集 Vol.13 No.-
회분식 반응기내에서 아조염료폐수의 농도(색도), pH, COD등의 전기화학적 처리에 관하여 연구하였다. 폐수의 초기 pH에는 거의 무관하게 염료농도가 전극반응시간에 따라 지수적으로 감소하였고, 용액의 교반속도는 반응속도에 커다란 영향을 나타내었으며, 용액의 온도가 증가함에 따라 반응속도가 증가는 현상을 확인하였다. 또한 산성 및 알칼리성 폐수는 반응시간이 경과함에 따라 중성으로 변하였으며, COD는 반응 초기에 다소 증가하지만 시간이 경과함에 따라 서서히 감소함을 알 수 있었다 The electrochemical treatment of the wastewater composed of azo dye was studied using an electrochemical batch reactor with Pt-electrodes. The concentration of azo dye exponentially decreased during 50 hr operations. The rate of the oxidation reaction at anode was not influenced by the initial pH value, but it increased with increasing the rotating speed and/or temperature of the electrolyte. The pH of the wastewater changed from acid or alkali to neutral. The COD of the solution increased at the beginning of the treatment, but it decreased soon.
회분식 전극반응기를 통한 Carmine-6B 아조염료폐수의 전기화학적 처리에 관한 연구
조태제,추석열 한국산업안전학회 1998 한국안전학회지 Vol.13 No.2
The treatment of the wastewater of Carmine-6B Process was studied using an electrochemical batch reactor with Pt-electrodes. The concentration of azo dye was exponentially decreased unto 6-37% residuum during 50 hr operations. The fractional conversion was not influenced by the initial pH value, but it was increased with increasing the rotating speed and/or temperature of the electrolyte. It was observed by the differential method of rate analysis that the rate of the oxidation reaction at anode was exponentially increased with increasing the cell voltage. The pH of the wastewater was changed from acid or alkali to neutral. The COD of the solution was increased at the beginning of the treatment, but it was decreased soon.
역유동층 반응기와 삼상유동층 반응기를 이용한 유기물 제거에 관한 연구
박영식,안갑환,추석열,서근학,송승구 부산대학교 1995 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.48 No.-
구형의 섬유상 플라스틱을 media로 사용하여 3상 유동층 생물막 반응기와 역유동층 생물막 반응기로 유기물 제거효율을 비교 실험하였다. 유입수의 SCOD가 1800㎎/L였을 때 역유동층 생물막 반응기와 3상 유동층 생물막 반응기의 제거효율은 각각 94%, 92.5%였다. 유기물 부하율이 2㎏COD/㎥.day였을 때 역유동층 생물막 반응기의 미생물 농도는 2810㎎/L, 3상 유동층 생물막 반응기의 경우는 2300㎎/L 였다. 반응기 부피, 공기유량, media 형태 및 폐수성상이 모두 같은 조건에서는 두 반응기 모두 유기물 제거효율과 미생물 농도 등에서 거의 비슷한 거동을 나타내었다. A number of experiments were conducted to examine the COD removal efficency and the biomass concentration of the three phase fluidized bed biofilm reactor(TFR) and inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor(IFR) using fibrous plastic ball and synthetic wastewater. When the influent SCOD was 1800㎎/L, SCOD removal efficiency of IFR and TFR were 94% and 92.5%, respectively. When organic loading rate was 2㎏COD/㎥.day, the biomass concentrations of the IFR and the TFR were 2810㎎/L and 2300㎎/L, respectively. When operated at the same conditions on reactor volume, air flow rate, media type and wastewater characteristic, two reactors showed a very similar performance.
역 유동층 생물막 반응기를 이용한 유분함유폐수 처리에 관한 연구
최윤찬,나영수,추석열,김규식,송승구 한국환경과학회 1996 한국환경과학회지 Vol.5 No.3
An inverse fluidized-bed biofilm reactor (IFBBR) was used for the treatment of highly-emulsified oily wastewater. When the concentration of biomass which was cultivated in the synthetic wastewater reached to 6000㎎/L, the oily wastewater was employed to the reactor with a input COD concentration range of 50㎎/L to 1900㎎/L. Virtually the IFBBR showed a high stability during the long operation period although some fluctuation was observed. The COD removal efficiency was maintained over 90% under the condition that organic loading rate should be controlled under the value of 1.5 ㎏COD/㎥/day, and F/M ratio is 1.0㎏COD/㎏VSS/day at 22℃ and HRT of 12 hrs. As increasing organic loading rates, the biomass concentration was decreased steadily with decreasing of biofilm dry density rather than biofilm thickness. Based on the experimental results, It was suggested that the decrease in biofilm dry density was caused by a loss of biomass inside the biofilm.
박영식,안갑환,최윤찬,윤종원,추석열,송승구 한국환경과학회 1996 한국환경과학회지 Vol.5 No.1
Hydrodynamic characteristics such as gas holdup, liquid circulation velocity and bed expansion in a hexagonal inverse fluidized bed were investigated using air-water system by changing the ratio (A_d/A_r) of cross-sectional area between the riser and the downcomer, the liquid level(H_l/H), and the superficial gas velocity(U_g). The gas holdup and the liquid circulation velocity were steadily increased with the superficial gas velocity increasing, but at high superficial gas velocity, some of gas bubbles were carried over to a downcomer and circulated through the column. When the superficial gas velocity was high, the A_d/A_r ratio in the range of 1 to 2.4 did not affect the liquid circulation velocity, but the maximum bed expansion was obtained at A_d/A_r ratio of 1.25. The liquid circulation velocity was expressed as a model equation below with variables of the cross-sectional area ratio(A_d/A_r) between riser to downcomer, the liquid level(H_1/H), the superficial gas velocity(U_g), the sparger height[(H-H_s)/H], and the draft plate level(H_b/H). U_ld=11.62_g^0.75(H_l/H)^10.30(A_d/A_r)^-0.52(H-H_s/H)^0.91(H_b/H)^0.13
송승구,박영식,서정호,최윤찬,추석열 한국화학공학회 1996 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.34 No.4
내부 순환 반응기에서 반응관과 포기관의 직경비, 공탑 기체 속도 및 액체 순환 속도를 변화시키면서 유세의 혼합 현상을 규명하기 위하여 추적자 분산 실험을 행하였다. 반응관내 흐름을 이상적 관형 흐름으로 가정하고 무차원 변수, Bodenstein number(Bo)를 구한 결과, Bodenstein number(Bo)값은 전 실험 범위에서 16-85였고, 실험치와의 편차는 최저 16% 에서 최고 35%의 범위였다. 유입 기체 속도의 증가에 따라 Bodenstein number(Bo)의 값은 증가하는 경향을 보였다가 일정한 값을 나타내며, 기체 속도가 더 증가하면 다시 증가하는 현상을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 현상은 기체 속도에 따라 혼합과 유선(streamlines)의 혼합 효과로 사료되었다. 더욱이 반응관에 대한 포기관의 직경비가 혼합현상에 큰 영향을 미치지는 않으나 직경비의 증가에 따라 또한 반경방향의 확산 증가로 혼합이 용이함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 기포의 재순환 및 역 혼합의 증대가 혼합에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되었다. This paper discusses the dispersion effect during the circulation of a tracer pulse injected into an internal loop reactor by changing ratio of draft tube to reactor diameter, superficial gas velocity, and liquid circulation velocity. According to Blenke's model, the Bodenstein number(Bo) which is the dimensionless group characterizing the effect of dispersion during liquid circulation was estimated. Bo numbers estimated for the reactor lie in the range of 16-85 and the standard deviations are 16-35% compared with the experimental results. As the input gas flow rate increased, Bodenstein number was increased and reached a constant value by the results of backmixing and gas disengagement during tracer circulation.