직장 결장암의 간전이 환자에서 VEGF-A, C, D 발현의 비교연구

전광식(Kwang-Sik Chun),이경하(Kyung-Ha Lee),송인상(In-Sang Song),김지연(Ji-Yeon Kim),김제룡(Je-Ryong Kim),안문상(Moon-Sang Ahn),이상일(Sang-Il Lee),박종현(Jong-Hyun Park),최송이(Song-E Choi),강대영(Dae-Young Kang),송규상(Kyu-Sang Son 대한외과학회 2009 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.76 No.5

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the correlations between expressions of angiogenic cytokines VEGF-A, C, D of primary colorectal cancer and liver metastasis. Methods: We examined paraffin-embedded primary colorectal cancer tissue from 45 patients who had liver resection due to colorectal liver metastasis (metastasis group) and 37 patients who had surgical resection due to colorectal cancer only (control group). In the control group, local recurrence and distant metastasis had not occurred. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF-A, C and D was performed. We analysed the correlations between expression of VEGF-A, C and D in primary colorectal cancer tissues and clinicopathologic parameters. Results: VEGF-A expressions of primary colorectal carcinoma were not different between the two groups. VEGF-C was more frequently expressed in the metastasis group (P=0.008) but VEGF-D was more expressed in the control group (P=0.003). Patients with VEGF-C negative and VEGF-D positive expression were predominant in the control group (P=0.020). Tumor location, T stage, lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation were not related with the expressions of VEGF-A, C, D but only preoperative CEA was positively correlated with VEGF-A and C expression. Conclusion: Expressions of VEGF-C in primary tumor were more frequent in metastatic colorectal cancer and expressions of VEGF-D were more frequent in nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. More large-scale prospective studies for VEGF-C and D expression in colorectal cancer are necessary.

에폭시 - 페라이트 복합재료의 전자기적 , 기계적 성질에 미치는 결합제 효과

최형도(Hyung Do Choi),문경식(Kyung Sic Moon),최송인(Song In Choi),문탁진(Tak Jin Moon) 한국고분자학회 1995 폴리머 Vol.19 No.6

H.264/AVC를 위한 선택적 시간축 에러 은닉 방법

정봉수,최웅일,전병우,김명돈,최송인,Jung Bongsoo,Choi Woongil,Jeon Byeungwoo,Kim Myung-Don,Choi Song-In 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.42 No.2

본 논문은 H.264/AVC 비디오 비트스트림의 전송 에러 복원에 알맞는 선택적 시간축 에러 은닉 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘은 손실 매크로블록이 전경인지 배경인지 판단한 결과에 따른 해당 에러 은닉방법을 수행한다. 손실 블록이 배경으로 판단된 경우에는 단순 대체 기법으로 은닉하며, 손실 블록이 전경으로 선택되었을 경우에는 다중 참조영상에서 추정된 블록들의 유사성을 판단하여 추정블록들을 선택적으로 평균하여 은닉을 한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 CDMA2000 (UMTS)망의 무선(air) 인터페이스에서 발생하는 에러 모의실험을 통하여 H.264/AVC의 FMO 부호화에서 H.264/AVC의 테스트 모델상의 에러 은닉 알고리즘보다 평균 1.18dB 성능 향상이 있으며, N-Slice 부호화에서는 평균 0.33dB의 성능 향상을 나타내었다 또한 주관적 화질면에서도 제안된 방법이 다른 에러 은닉 알고리즘보다 우수함을 보인다. In this paper, we propose a new selective temporal error concealment algerian best suited for H.264/AVC. The proposed algorithm performs selective temporal error concealment depending on whether the lost block is at background or foreground. It the corrupted macroblock is decided as at background, then the simple temporal replacement is performed. Also we propose replacing a lost block at foreground with the selective average of respectively estimated blocks from the multiple reference frames. This paper supposes error-corrupted H.264/AVC video bitstreams over CDMA2000 (or UMTS) air interface. It is shown that under Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO) coding of H.264/AVC, the proposed algorithm provides PSNR gain up to 1.18dB compared to built-in algorithm in the K264/AVC test model. In addition, the proposed error concealment method has average PSNR improvement of 0.33dB compared with that under N-slice coding mode. The proposed algorithm also provides better subjective video quality than other conventional error concealment algorithms.

펄스위치 재검색 방법을 이용한 AMR-WB 여기 코드북 검색

허석,이인성,지덕구,윤병식,최송인,Hur, Seok,Lee, In-Sung,Jee, Deock-Gu,Yoon, Byung-Sik,Choi, Song-In 대한전자공학회 2003 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.40 No.4

3GPP에서 광대역 음성부호화 알고리즘으로 채택한 AMR-WB 부호화기는 8개의 모드로 동작되고 전송률을 23.85 kbps 까지 높임에 따라 음성부호화기 프로그램 및 데이터 메모리 크기가 매우 크게 증가되었으며, 합성필터의 입력신호인 고정 코드북의 펄스 수가 기존의 협대역 AMR 부호화기 보다 5배 이상 증가함으로써 코드북 검색에 많은 계산량을 요구하고 있다. AMR-WB는 적당한 계산량에서 비교적 좋은 음질을 유지하기 위한 방법으로 depth-first 트리 검색 방법을 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 여기코드북 검색시 레퍼런스 벡터를 중심으로 적당한 계산량을 갖는 검색 방법으로 검색시 기준이 되는 레퍼런스 벡터를 좀더 정확하게 예측하여 성능 향상을 하였으며, 펄스위치 재검색 알고리즘을 적용하여 depth-first 트리 검색방법의 문제점을 개선시켜 1/2 이상의 계산량을 줄이면서 같은 성능을 유지하는 AMR-WB 여기코드북 검색기를 설계하였다. We propose a new method to reduce the complexity of excitation codebook search. The preselected excitation pulses by the coarse search method can be updated to pulses with higher quality performance measure. The excitation pulses can arbitrarily be deleted and inserted among the searched pulses until the overall performance achieves. If we use this excitation pulse search method in AMR-WB, the complexity required for excitation codebook search can be reduced to half the original method while the output speech maintains equal speech quality to a conventional method.

위장관 기질종양의 10년 수술 성적

이경하(Kyung-Ha Lee),송인상(In-Sang Song),설지영(Ji-Young Sul),김지연(Ji-Yeon Kim),전광식(Kwang-Sik Chun),이상일(Sang-Il Lee),강대영(Dae-Young Kang),최송이(Song-I Choi),노승무(Seung-Moo Noh) 대한외과학회 2010 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.78 No.6

Purpose: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) possess highly variable clinical behaviors and the study thereof is insufficient. There are no standard guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of GISTs, so it is difficult to predict recurrences and conduct appropriate treatments. Throughout the last 10 years of experiences with GIST patients, we have identified the variables predicting recurrences and classified the risk groups by NIH classification, Fletcher risk stratification and UICC TNM stage. Methods: From January 1998 to December 2007, 88 patients with pathologic confirm and surgical resection were diagnosed with GISTs. GISTs were diagnosed when the tumor had characteristic histologic features and confirmed positive by KIT, CD34, or PDGFRA. Results: The size, mitotic index, existence of symptoms, and origins of tumor correlate statistically with recurrence (0.002, <0.001, 0.027, 0.011). The NIH classification, Fletcher risk stratification and UICC TNM stage are correlated with recurrence (0.001, <0.001, <0.001) and 5 year disease free survival, statistically (0.009, <0.001, <0.001). Fifteen patients experienced recurrences. 14 patients were treated with imatinib, and 6 of them showed a response to the treatment. All 4 patients who had R1 resection did not survived due to the progression of the disease. Conclusion: The patients with large, high mitotic index, symptomatic, or extra-gastric tumor require strict surveillance. Also, patients with low risk must be under surveillance due to the possibility of recurrence. It is important to perform R0, en bloc resection. Although the imatinib is the treatment of choice with recurred or metastatic GISTs, the disease is likely to develop resistance, further studies on newly targeted therapy is in need.

IMS/SIP 기반의 감청을 위한 아키텍처 연구

엄태훈 ( Tae-hoon Um ),김도훈 ( Do-hoon Kim ),이정빈 ( Jung-been Lee ),최송인 ( Song-in Choi ),이명락 ( Myoung-rak Lee ),인호 ( Hoh Peter In ) 한국정보처리학회 2010 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.17 No.2

전화와 같은 음성통신이 네트워크 트래픽의 주류를 이루었던 과거와는 달리 최근 다양한 멀티미디어 콘텐츠의 사용 증가와 함께 이를 효율적으로 제공할 수 있는 IP기반의 IMS(IP Multimedia Subsystem)기술이 도입되었다. 이러한 통신기술의 발달과 함께 다양한 수법을 이용한 범죄가 증가하고 있으며 이에 따른 감청의 필요성이 점점 커지고 있다. 감청에 관한 법률은 각 국가별로 시행되고 있으며 특히 미국과 유럽의 감청표준은 국제 감청표준의 근간이 되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 감청 아키텍처는 IMS 환경에 적절하지 않은 몇몇 한계점을 지니고 있기 때문에 새로운 환경에 적합한 아키텍처가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 현재까지의 감청기술 및 동향을 다루고 IMS 환경에서의 개선된 감청 방안을 제시한다.

원위 경골 골단판 및 골단손상에 대한 분석

김성일,이춘기,김용훈,최인호,태석기,석세일,이덕용,최송 대한골절학회 1989 대한골절학회지 Vol.2 No.2

We have reviewed 21 cases of physeal and epiphyseal fracture of the distal tibia including one case of juvenile Tillaux fracture and four cases of triplane fracture, The patterns of fracture were correlated with the mechanism of injury using the modified Lauge-Hansen method and systemic dassification of the triplane fracture was proposed. Treatment included closed reduction and cast(9 cases), closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation(4 cases), and open reduction(S cases), Two of the nine patients treated by means of dosed reduction and cast had ankle joint incongruity or progressive varus deformity requiring corrective ost- eotomy. These two patients had either Salter-Harris Type III or Type IV fracture after supination-inversion injury. In one patient, who had 100 per cent displacement of the distal tibial epiphysis and degloving injury of the ankle, premature physeal arrest developed after open reduction and internal fixation for Salter-Harris Type Tyre I fracture. If there are triangular metaphyseal ledge along with the juvenile Tillaux fracture-like vertical epiphyseal fracture line on the antero-posterior view and Salter-Harris Type II or Type IV fracture on the lateral view, a certain type of triplane fracture is strangly suggested. Plain radiographs, however, could not accurately demontrate the detailed configuration of the triplane fracture, instead computerized axial tomography was very helpful us to analyse the true dimensions of the triplane fracture, We agree that displaced Salter-Harris Type III or Type IV and transitional fractures with a fracture gap of more than two millimeters in the weight-bearing portion of the epiphysis reguire open reduction.