TMS320C5509 DSP를 이용한 AMR-WB 음성부호화기의 실시간 구현

최송인,지덕구,Choi Song-ln,Jee Deock-Gu 한국음향학회 2005 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.24 No.1

AMR-WB 음성부호화기는 50~7000 Hz의 확장된 대역폭을 갖는 음성신호를 압축/복원하는 광대역 음성부호화기로써 6.60 kbit/s에서 23.85 kbit/s까지 9개의 전송 비트율을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 2개의 MAC (Multimply and-Accumulate) 유닛을 가진 Tl의 16bit 고정소수점 DSP인 TMS320C5509 DSP를 이용한 AMR-WB 음성부호화기의 실시간 구현에 관하여 논한다. 실시간 구현은 intrinsic을 이용한 C수준의 구현 및 어셈블리 코딩에 의한 구현을 수행하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 어셈블리 코딩에 의하여 실시간 구현된 AMR-WB 음성부호화기는 23.85 kbit/s 모드에서 42.9 Mclock의 계산량을 가지며, 사용된 프로그램 메모리는 15.1 kword이고, 데이터 ROM 메모리는 9.2 kword이고 데이터 RAM 메모리는 13.9 kword이다. The adaptive multirate wideband (AMR-WB) speech coder has an extended audio bandwidth from 50 Hz to 7 kBz and operates on nine speech coding bit-rates from 6.6 to 23.85 kbit/s. In this Paper, we present the real-time implementation of AMR-WB speech coder using 16bit fixed-point TMS320C5509 that has dual MAC units. Firstly, We implemented AMR-WB speech coder in C 1anguage level using intrinsics, and then performed optimization in assembly language. The computational complexity of the implemented AMR-WB coder at 23.85 kbit/s is 42.9 Mclocks. And this coder needs the program memory of 15.1 kwords, data ROM of 9.2 kwords and data RAM of 13.9 kwords.

국내 PCS 표준화 추진현황

최송인,신무용 대한전자공학회 1995 전자공학회지 Vol.22 No.9

중앙-지방정부간 역할분담에 대한 추이 분석

최송이(崔송이),최병대(崔炳大) 한국지방자치학회 2012 韓國地方自治學會報 Vol.24 No.3

This study is to analyze distribution of affairs between the central-local governments form 1991 to 2011. It focused on the analysis by period, function, presidential term, direction among central, macro-level, and basic-level governments. The results are followings; Above all, the high level of decentralization performance is achieved by the Noh Moo-Hyun Administration(participatory Government) because the number of transfer completion was shown the highest in comparison with the previous governments. But Lee Myong-Bak administration has been negatively responded about distribution of affairs between the central-local government because the number of transfer completion was very low comparing with the previous governments. On the other hand, Kim Dae-Jung administration had positively promoted decentralization policy as making rule for strengthening role of local government. Nevertheless, most governments failed to attain its goal in the functional decentralization. It is suggested that presidential will played the key role to decentralize through analysis of this study.

ATM 교환 정합 기술

최송인,박홍식 대한전자공학회 1992 전자공학회지 Vol.19 No.8

유아의 자부심과 수치심이 또래놀이행동에 미치는 영향: 일상적 스트레스의 매개효과를 중심으로

최송이,신나리 한국보육지원학회 2017 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of children’s pride and shame on their interactive peer play, mediated by their daily stress. Methods: The participants of this study were 172 five-year-old children (80 boys and 92 girls) attending kindergartens or child-care centers in Chungbuk, Korea. The data were analyzed by descriptive and correlational analyses, and structural equation modeling using SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results: Children’s shame had a significant indirect effect on their interactive peer play, including play-disruption, play-disconnection and play-interactions, mediated by daily stress; children’s shame had a significant direct effect on play interaction. However, children's pride did not have a direct effect on daily stress and an indirect effect on their interactive peer play. In other words, high levels of shame among children led to high perceived daily stress. In turn, perceived daily stress increased play-disconnection and play-disruption, while it decreased play-interactions. Meanwhile children's shame led to a low level of play- interaction among young children. Conclusion/Implications: The results imply that children’s perceived shame would influence their behaviors in social contexts as well as their psychological wellbeing such as the level of daily stress.

중약 제형의 연구동향

최송이,안언주,이미영 한약정보연구회 2016 한약정보연구회지 Vol.4 No.3

The purpose of this study was to collect information regarding drug formulation based on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) by reviewing past studies on this topic. The information for this study was collected by reviewing Chinese papers focusing on drug formulation based on TCM. We identified 34 research papers on TCM that were published between 2010 and 2016 for the formulation in the recent at the web site ‘CNKI’. Then, we analyzed these papers according to the subject of the study, the formulation approach described, etc. Most papers emphasized the development and improvement of formulation techniques based on TCM. Most of the studies described a single TCM formulation while focusing mainly on the side effects and safety of TCM injection. Through research on the side effects and bioequivalence of the drugs used in TCM, China is attempting to identify a method for safe and effective formulation of these drugs. Finally, various Chinese patent medicines are used in different formulations, and in-depth research on each formulation is ongoing. Chinese research on formulation of traditional medicine encompasses various fields and perspectives. Thus, further research about TCM is necessary in order to encourage similar modernization in the formulation of traditional Korean medicine. In addition, dosage forms that match consumer preferences should be developed in order to expand the accessibility, ease of administration, and cost-effectiveness of traditional Korean medicine

PCR 법을 이용한 농산물 중 Clostridium perfringens 검출을 위한 전처리법 확립

최송이,서민경,윤재현,나겐드란 라잘링감,황인준,김세리 한국식품위생안전성학회 2021 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.36 No.1

본 연구에서는 PCR법을 이용하여 농산물 중 enterotoxin 생성 Clostridium perfringens를 신속 분석할 수 있도록 전처리법을 확립하고자 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 C. perfringens 포자를 상추, 토마토, 고추, 들깻잎에 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 spore/g 농도로 포자를 접종하였다. 포자가 접종된 농산물들은 pulsifier, stomacher, sonicator로 처리하고 boiling법 혹은 상용화 된 kit로 DNA를 추출한 후 PCR법을 수행하고 검출한계를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 3가지 전처리법에 있어서는 pulsifier가, DNA 추출에 있어서는 상용화된 DNA 추출 kit를 활용하는 것이 농산물 중 C. perfringens의 검출한계를 10-100배 낮출 수 있었다. 특히 들깻잎, 방울토마토처럼 전처리 방법에 따른 탁도의 변화가 큰 농산물은 전처리법과 DNA 추출법이 PCR 반응에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통해 볼 때 PCR법을 이용한 농산물 중 C. perfringens 를 검출하는데 있어 검출감도를 높이기 위해서는 pulsifier 를 이용하여 전처리하고 상용화된 DNA 추출 kit를 사용하는 것이 적절한 것으로 판단된다. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of different sample preparation (stomaching, pulsifying, and sonication) and DNA extraction methods (boiling and commercial kit) for detection of enterotoxinproducing Clostridium perfringens from produce by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each produce type was inoculated at concentrations of 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, and 107 spores/g. Produce inoculated with spores was treated with three sample preparation methods, and DNA was extracted by boiling method and a commercial kit, followed by PCR. The detection limit of stomached samples was lower than that of pummeled and sonicated samples by 10-100 times. Moreover, the DNA extraction efficiency of the commercial kit was found to be superior to that of boiling. In particular, the PCR efficiency of cherry tomato and perilla leaf samples was greatly affected by sample preparation and DNA extraction method. These data suggest that DNA extraction with a commercial kit after pulsification is an optimum sample preparation method for detection of C. perfringens by PCR.

폐지활용율은 이렇게 해야만 높아진다 ( Measures to Increase the Recovery Rates of the Waste Paper )

최송만 한국펄프·종이공학회 1994 펄프.종이기술 Vol.26 No.1

중학교 「기술・가정」의 ‘건강한 식생활과 식사 구성’ 단원에 적용한 스마트 교수・학습 과정안과 교재 개발

최송은,채정현 한국가정과교육학회 2014 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구는 21세기 학습 환경과 학습자가 변화되고 있는 교육 패러다임의 변화에 맞추어 중학교 기술・가정 ‘건강한 식생활과 식사 구성’을 중심으로 스마트교육을 기반으로 한 가정과 식생활 교수・학습 과정안과 스마트교재를 개발하고, 이를 수업에 적용하여 스마트교재를 평가하고 수업의 효과를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위한 연구내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스마트교육을 기반으로 한 ‘건강한 식생활과 식사 구성’을 중심으로 가정과 식생활 교수・학습 과정안을 개발한다. 둘째, 개발한 식생활 교수・학습 과정안을 기본으로 하여 스마트컨텐츠 저작도구를 이용하여 식생활 스마트교재를 제작한다. 셋째, 개발한 스마트교육을 기반으로 한 식생활 수업을 실행한 후에 이 수업을 평가한다. 연구 과정은 ADDIE 모형에 따라 분석, 설계, 개발, 실행, 평가의 5단계로 진행하였다. 분석 단계에서는 2009 개정 중학교 기술・가정 교육과정과 해설서, 성취기준・성취수준 분석 및 ‘건강한 식생활과 식사 구성’ 관련 교과서를 분석하였다. 설계 단계에서는 교수・학습 과정안을 구상하고 학습 목표 및 수업 과정을 설계하였다. 이를 위해 2009 개정 기술・가정 교육과정의 ‘청소년의 생활’ 단원의 건강한 식생활과 식사 구성을 중심으로 하여 교과서의 내용 요소를 추출하여 내용을 재구성하고, 재구성한 내용을 토대로 학습 목표 및 수업 과정을 설계하였다. 개발 단계에서는 ‘청소년의 생활’ 에 속한 ‘건강한 식생활과 식사 구성’ 중 2개의 소단원인 ‘청소년의 식생활 문제’와 ‘균형 잡힌 건강 식생활의 실천’으로 각 2차시씩 총 4차시 분량의 교수・학습 과정안과 학습 활동지 및 학습 자료 등의 교수・학습 자료를 제작하였으며, 이를 토대로 스마트컨텐츠 저작도구인 DocZoom을 이용하여 스마트교재를 개발하였다. 그리고 스마트교육을 기반으로 한 식생활교육 프로그램 적용의 효과성 및 스마트교재 활용 수업에 대한 태도를 알아보고자 사전・사후 설문지를 제작하였다. 실행 단계에서는 교수・학습 과정안을 적용하여 개발된 식생활교육 관련 스마트교재를 수업에 적용하였다. 개발된 교수・학습 과정안을 토대로 제작한 소단원 2개 분량의 식생활교육 스마트교재를 이용하여 2014년 6월 2일부터 6월 13일까지 경기도 광명에 있는 남녀공학의 S 중학교 1학년 각각 3학급을 대상으로 실험집단과 비교집단으로 나누어 1주일에 2시간씩 기술・가정 수업에 직접 활용하였다. 총 2주간의 수업을 실행한 후, 사전・사후 설문을 실시하고, 평가 단계에서는 실험집단과 비교집단의 사전・사후 설문 점수의 평균 및 표준편차를 산출하고, 쌍표본 t-test를 실시하여 개발된 식생활교육 스마트교재의 수업 적용 효과를 알아보았다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 스마트교육을 기반으로 한 스마트교재를 활용한 수업에서 가정과 수업에 대한 흥미(t=-3.99, p<.001), 학습에 대한 애정과 열정(t=-2.61, p<.05), 학습에의 주도성 및 독립성(t=-4.77, p<.001), 학생들의 식생활 수업에 대한 관심도(t=-3.83, p<.001)를 높이는데 효과적이었다. 스마트교재를 활용한 수업을 받은 학생들을 대상으로 이 수업에 대한 평가를 한 결과, 학생들은 스마트교재를 활용한 수업이 기존의 서책형 교과서를 이용한 수업보다 수업 자료를 찾는데 시간을 절약할 수 있었으며, 동영상과 도표 등의 관련 자료를 바로 볼 수 있어... The main purpose of this study was to develop teaching and learning plans and a smart textbook for food and nutrition education in Home Economics focusing on ‘healthy diet and meal plans’ unit in 「Technology・Home Economics」 textbooks for 7th graders to evaluate the effectiveness of the instruction conducted with the smart textbook. The content of the study to achieve the purpose is as follows: First, design a smart education-based teaching and learning curriculum for food and nutrition education in Home Economics, focusing on ‘healthy diet and meal plans’ unit. Second, develop a smart textbook for food and nutrition education based on the teaching and learning curriculum, using a smart content authoring tool. Third, evaluate the effectiveness of the instruction after applying the curriculum in real classroom situations. The results of this study were as follows:First, teaching and learning plans and materials were developed for two units, ‘issues regarding teenagers' diet’ and ‘implementation of a healthy and balanced diet’, under ‘teenagers' life’. The first unit, ‘issues regarding teenagers' diet’, dealt with topics such as teenagers' dietary behaviors, nutrition, and health. Learning objectives for this unit were to help students identify and evaluate their own dietary behaviors. The second unit, ‘implementation of a healthy and balanced diet’, encouraged students to diagnose problems with their diet and plan nutrient rich meals. The objectives for this unit were to help students implement a healthy and balanced diet by providing them with nutrition and dietary guidelines for Koreans, sample meal plans, and guidelines for developing healthy eating habits for teenagers. In order to develop a teaching and learning plans to achieve these objectives, teaching and learning materials including inquiry tasks, materials for group activities, multimedia, applications and various pop-up learning materials were developed. Second, a smart textbook using DocZoom, which was a smart content authoring tool was developed. The textbook dealt with issues regarding teenagers' diet and implementation of a healthy and balanced diet. Multimedia material used in the textbook come from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety's food and nutrition education web sites and other sources. To develop student-oriented material, relevant video clips were added to the smart textbook to motivate students and enhance their interest in the course. Third, the outcome of this study indicated that the instruction using teaching and learning plans and learning materials with the smart textbook was effective for enhancing students' interest in Home Economics classes (t-value=-3.99, p<.001), creating enthusiasm for learning(t-value = -2.61, p<.05), encouraging self-directed and independent learning(t-value = -4.77, p<.001), and improving students' interest in food and nutrition courses(t-value = -3.83, p<.001). The students' evaluation of the instruction were as follows: the instruction using teaching and learning plans and learning materials with smart textbooks, instead of paper textbooks, helped them save time looking for learning materials; students evaluated that it was easier for them to see and understand video clips and charts. In addition, most students answered that instruction with smart textbooks were more fun and convenient, and they agreed that the courses enhanced their learning experience.

신증후출혈열 환자에서 interferon의 치료효과

최송,이호왕,최병휘 고려대학교 의과대학 1991 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.28 No.1

The therapeutic effect of y-interferon A in the patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is as following. 1.Oliguric phase of 5 patients witil hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome treated with interferon (IFN group) was not observed and least urine amounts were 1000-2200 cc perday but least urine amounts of 6 patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome treated without interferon (control group) were 100-900 cc per day and oliguric phase occurred in 3 patients (50%). 2. The degree of proteinuria and hematuria in IFN group were less than those in control group. 3. IFN group showed much lower levels of peak serum BUN /creatinine than control group and control group were abnormal for many more days of illness than IFN group. 4. IFN group showed much higher levels of peak serum GOT /GPT than control group,but both groups returned to normal in similar days of illness. 5. Febrile phase was longer in IFN group than in control group because fever was persistant in IFN group during administration of interferon. The results indicate that interferon administration to patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome might decreased length of oliguric phase and deterioration of renal function, but it was suggested that fever and liver cell demage were side effects.