밤벡$^{(R)}$ 정 10밀리그람(염산밤부테롤 10밀리그람)에 대한 밤부콜 정 10밀리그람의 생물학적동등성

조혜영,최지훈,류희두,이용복,Cho, Hea-Young,Choi, Ji-Hoon,Yoo, Hee-Doo,Lee, Yong-Bok 한국임상약학회 2010 한국임상약학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Bambuterol hydrochloride, dimethylcarbamic acid 5-[2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,3-phenylene ester hydrochloride, is the prodrug of active ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic metabolite terbutaline. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two bambuterol hydrochloride tablets, $Bambec^{(R)}$ tablet 10 mg (Yuhan Co., Ltd.) and Bambucol tablet 10 mg (Sam Chun Dang Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). In vitro release of bambuterol from two bambuterol hydrochloride formulations was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media. Twenty eight healthy male Korean volunteers, $23.86{\pm}1.65$ years in age and $68.98{\pm}9.58$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 10 mg as bambuterol hydrochloride were orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals, and the concentrations of bambuterol in serum were determined using column switching HPLC with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in all tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and ANOVA test with K-BE Test 2002 was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Bambec^{(R)}$, were -8.10%, -3.82% and 12.65% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (i.e., log 0.8093~log 1.0302 and log 0.8564~log 1.1280 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Bambucol tablet 10 mg was bioequivalent to $Bambec^{(R)}$ tablet 10 mg.

염산펙소페나딘 120밀리그람 정제의 생물학적동등성시험

조혜영,강현아,김세미,이용복,Cho, Hea-Young,Kang, Hyun-Ah,Kim, Se-Mi,Lee, Yong-Bok 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.3

Fexofenadine, ($\pm$)-4-1-hydroxy-4-{4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl}-butyl-a,a-dimethyl benzeneacetic acid, is a selective histamine $H_1$ receptor antagonist, and is clinically effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria as a first-line therapeutic agent. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets, $Allegra^{(R)}$ (Handok Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.) and Alecort (Samchundang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of fexofenadine from the two fexofenadine hydrochloride formulations in vitro was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media. Twenty six healthy male subjects, 25.62$\pm$3.35 years in age and 70.05$\pm$11.71 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2$\times$2 cross-over study was employed. After a single tablet containing 120 mg as fexofenadine hydrochloride was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of fexofenadine in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in all tested dissolution media. The harmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Allegra^{(R)}$, were -1.37, 5.22 and 16.50% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log 0.83$\sim$log 1.08 and log 0.81$\sim$log 1.03 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Alecort tablet was bioequivalent to $Allegra^{(R)}$ tablet.

응급구조사의 극복력 측정도구 개발

조혜영,박성희,Cho, Hye-Young,Park, Sung-Hee 한국응급구조학회 2018 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a resilience measurement scale and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: This was a methodological study. The preliminary items of the scale were derived from literature reviews and in-depth interviews. The data were collected from October 30, 2017 to January 20, 2018, and paramedics working in hospitals or fire departments were selected using convenience sampling. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 213 paramedics in Korea. Results: Through content validity, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, a total of 6 factors and 26 items were extracted, and the total variance was 67.12%. Factor 1 was "self-efficacy" (11 items), factor 2 was "internal control" (5 items), factor 3 was "empowerment" (2 items), factor 4 was "interpersonal capability", (3 items), factor 5 was "social support" (2 items), and factor 6 was "adaptation and coping" (3 items). Conclusion: This is the first scale developed in Korea to measure the resilience of paramedics. In future, this scale of this study will contribute to developing a resilience improvement program based on understanding the resilience level of paramedics.

니세털 정(아세틸-엘-카르니틴 500 mg)에 대한 엘카틴 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,윤지훈,오인준,문재동,이용복,Cho, Hea-Young,Yun, Ji-Hun,Oh, Injoon,Moon, Jai-Dong,Lee, Yong-Bok 한국임상약학회 2001 한국임상약학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is a naturally existing molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioefuivalence of two ALC tablets, $Nicetile^{TM} (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co.) and $L-Cartin^{TM}$ (Kuhn Il Pharmaceutical Co.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The ALC release from the two ALC tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method in various dissolution media (pH 1.2, 6.0 and 6.8). Twenty six normal male volunteers, $24.46\pm3.67$ years in age and $64.45\pm5.54$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2\times2$cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500 mg of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. The dissolution profiles of the two ALC tablets were similar in all the dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two tablets were $0.35\%,\;0.93\%\;and\;2.34\%$ respectively, when calculated against the $Nicetile^{TM} tablet. The powers $(1-\beta)\;for\;AUC_t$ , and Cmax were $98.72\%\;and\;85.48\%$, respectively. Minimum detectable differences $(\Delta)\;at\;\alpha=0.05\;and\;1-\beta=0.8$ were less than $20\%,\;(e.g.,\;13.21\%\;and\;18.42\%\;for\;AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$ respectively). The $90\%$ confidence intervals were within $\pm20\%\;(e.g.,\;-7.38\sim8.09\;and\;-9.86\sim11.72\;for\;AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$, respectively). These two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that $L-Cartin^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Nicetile^{TM} tablet.

테놀민 정에 대한 삼천당아테놀올 정의 생물학적동등성

조혜영,강현아,이석,백승희,이용복,Cho, Hea-Young,Kang, Hyun-Ah,Lee, Suk,Baek, Seung-Hee,Lee, Yong-Bok 대한약학회 2003 약학회지 Vol.47 No.5

Atenolol is a water soluble, ${\beta}_1$ selective adrenoceptor antagonist used in the treatment of angina and hypertension. It is primarily eliminated renally with minimal hepatic metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of Samchundang Atenolol (Samchundang Pharmaceutical Co., Korea.) to Tenolmin(Hyundai Pharmaceutical Ind. Co., Korea). The atenolol release from the two atenolol tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty four normal male volunteers, 22.83$\pm$1.99 years in age and 65.82$\pm$7.15 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 50 mg of atenolol was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of atenolol in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two atenolol tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_{t}$ and $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_{t}$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two tablets based on the Tenolmin were 3.74%, 4.38% and 17.77%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two tablets in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(0.98)∼log(1.l1) and log(0.95)∼log(1.l5) for $AUC_{t}$ and $C_{max}$ respectively), indicating that Samchundang Atenolol tablet is bioequivalent to Tenolmin tablet.

王小波論 : 경험이성주의와 反유토피아주의 고찰

조혜영(Cho Haeyoung) 중국문화연구학회 2011 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.19

Wang-Xiaobo, through his prose works, put a highest value on epistemology which can be proved based on rationalism, and pursuit of human wisdom including knowledge of natural science. Compared to this, he criticized thinking based on totalitarianism which oppresses individual and annihilates freedom by alluding to Utopianism - totalitarianism introduces ideological thoughts as ruling philosophy. And he pointed out that king as a philosopher who is eager to build Utopia is, in fact, intellect who are puppets for power. Especially, he discovered that main means of ruling they produce and use are concentrated on standards and requirements of ethic and moral fields. Furthermore, he laughed at the desire for devotion and sacrifice of intellect by alluding to delight of masochist who needs persecution and punishment. Such a view became artistic imagery through his novels. Among them are works which bring sexual love into relief. These novels require enlightenment about omnipresence of power which spreads into individual's secret space. There are his works which describe complete control over individual composing of high-tech society uniformly based on norms and system. These works represent this writer's assertion for anti-Utopianism. The way to go in pursuit of true value and wonderful wisdom expressed through allegory in his some works is very rough.

클라우드 환경에서 HPC 클러스터를 위한 가상 머신 프로비저닝

조혜영(Hyeyoung Cho),정기문(Gi-Mun Jeong),홍태영(TaeYoung Hong),오광진(Kwang-Jin Oh) 한국정보과학회 2022 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.06

게임 활동이 학령기 아동의 사회성 발달과 또래관계에 미치는 효과

조혜영 ( Hye Yung Cho ) 대한아동복지학회 2007 아동복지연구 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구는 사회성 증진을 목적으로 학령기 아동을 대상으로 실시된 연구이다. 학령기 아동은 적응행동과 사회적 상호작용능력에 있어 중요한 시기에 있다. 특히 또래와의 관계는 아동의 정서조절 능력, 위기극복능력, 학교생활 적응에 영향을 미치며 청소년 초기에 겪을 수 있는 학교 부적응, 비행 등의 문제로 발전할 여지가 있다. 게임 활동은 아동들이 자연스럽게 상호작용할 수 있도록 도와준다. 특히 게임의 선정과 적절한 개입은 아동의 긍정적인 상호작용을 유도할 수 있는 적절한 방법으로 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울 D동에 위치한 초등학교 아동 12명으로 구성되어졌다(남녀 각각 3, 9명). 연구대상자는 방과후 활동에 참여하는 아동 중 본 활동을 원하는 아동으로 선착순으로 선정되어졌으며, 사회성발달을 측정하기 위해 친구관계, 정서지능, 학교생활적응과 아동용 정서표현척도를 사용하여 사전, 사후 검사를 실시했으며 각각의 회기를 비디오로 촬영하고 레코딩을 한 후 학급일지 기록과 교사와의 면담을 통해 활동을 기록하였다. 연구결과로 아동의 정서조절 능력이 증가되고 수용적인 또래관계를 형성하였으며 타인에 대한 감정이입 능력이 발달하였다. 또한 집단소속감이 증가하고 게임에 대한 집중력과 이에 대한 성취감이 증가했음이 나타났다. 게임활동은 승패에 따른 감정조절과 게임에 지더라도 그 결과를 수용하여야 하므로 아동들이 또래관계에서나 사회적 관계에서 야기되는 불안을 자연스럽게 조절할 수 있도록 해줄 수 있다. 이와 같은 결과로서 사회성 증진을 위한 게임 활동이 아동의 사회성 발달에 영향을 끼쳤음을 알 수 있다. 특히 게임의 선정과 교사의 개입이 중요한 요소로 작용했음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the effects of games to improve children``s social skills. School age is the crucial stage for children to improve adaptability and sociality to an interaction. In fact, peer relationships have influence on children``s abilities of emotional control and crisis management, and their adaptation to their environment of schools. Furthermore, the problem of maladjusted behaviors and delinquency of adolescences is related to the sociability and personality of childhood. Therefore, pertinent interventions with game activities could naturally help them to enhance positive interaction with peers. Twelve students (3 boys, 9 girls), from the elementary school were located in D-dong, Seoul, participated in the study. They are choiced in this programs on a first-come-first-served. At pre-test and post-test, the following measures were taken: Peer relationship, emotional intelligence, adaptability to the school life, and the scale of emotional expression for children. Game Activities control emotional control for victory or defeat, received an effect for game defeat. So, They control their anxiety from peer relationships or social relations. The students were filmed during each lesson, and their activities were recorded and listed by interviews with the teachers. The findings of this study show that game activities help that children have improve their emotional control abilities, reformed acceptable and positive relationships with peers. Moreover, children have enhanced a feeling of connection to their groups and increased their sense of achievement. This confirms the importance of game activities in children``s social skills to foster their social well-being. This research also especially shows that the primary factors are selection of appropriate games and intervention by teachers.

페미니즘 시각에서 본 한국 부엌의 변천사

조혜영(Cho Hae-Young),조현신(Jo Hyun-shin) 한국디자인학회 2009 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.5

진도들노래 中 길군악의 음악적 특성 연구

조혜영(Cho Hai-young) 한국전통음악학회 2008 한국전통음악학 Vol.- No.9

본고에서는 진도 서부지역과 동부지역 길군악의 음악적 특성을 비교 고찰한 바, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 형식에 있어서는 동일한 형식을 가지고 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 두 지역의 길군악은 독창으로 후렴구를 선창하면 제창으로 후렴구를 받고 이어서 1절-후렴구-2절-후렴구 하는 메기고 받는 형식으로 되어 있다. 둘째, 선율과 구성음에서 보면 두 지역의 차이가 조금 보인다. 구성음이 인지리의 길군악은 정악이나 경기민요에 나타나는 전형적인 계면조 음계에 반해 돈지리의 길군악은 순수한 3음 음계의 육자백이 토리로 이루어져 있다. 선율에 있어서 인지리의 길군악은 모두 4절되어 있는데 비해 돈지리의 길군악은 8절로 되어있다. 하지만 인지리의 길군악은 한 절이 8장단이지만 돈지리의 길군악은 2장단으로 이루어져서 실제인지리의 길군악보다 곡의 길이가 짧으며 단조롭다고 할 수 있겠다. 음역에 있어서 낮은 음역에서 중간 음역으로 올라갔다가 다시 낮은 음역으로 이어지는 자유로운 선율 진행을 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 장단과 빠르기에 있어서도 차이를 보이고 있다. 인지리의 길군악은 3분박 3박자의 변형된 중중모리장단의 독특한 장단으로 이루어져 있으며 빠르기는 55박/1분 정도의 보통 빠르기로 불린다. 돈지리의 길군악은 느린 중중모리 장단으로 되어 있다. 본고에서는 음악적 특성을 통해 이러한 경향성을 파악했지만 향후에는 문학적 측면에 대해서도 고찰이 필요하리라 생각된다. 또한 길군악 뿐만 아니라 들노래 전반에 대한 논의를 펼치는 것도 추후의 과제로 삼고자 한다. In this paper, musical characteristics of “GIL-Gun Music” between in the eastern and western area of Jindo were comparatively examined. The examined results are as follows; The first, the same mode is observed in “GIL-Gun Music” of the both areas. “GIL-Gun Music” of the both areas shows that burden leads in singing a sole and it is followed by singing in unison; Subsequently, a mode of leading and receiving section 1 → burden → section 2 → burden in order is observed. The Second, A slightly differences in melody and composition sound(tone) are found from “GILGun Music” between in the eastern and western area. The composition sound of “GIL-Gun Music” of Ingi-ri in the western area shows a typical musical scale of Gyemyeon style which is shown up in Jeongag or Gyonggi folk song. Whereas, that of “GIL-Gun Music” of Dongi-ri in the eastern area is composed of Eugjabaegi tone of purely three sound musical scale. In melody, “GIL-Gun Music” of Ingi-ri is made up of four sections, but that of Dongi-ri eight sections. However, “GIL-Gun Music” of Dongi-ri shows that one section is made up of two rhythm, compared with that of Ingi-ri one section eight rhythm. Therefore, It is observed that “GIL-Gun Music” of Dongi-ri exhibits the shorter music length and the more monotonous than that of Ingi-ri. In compass, “GIL-Gun Music” of Dongi -ri flows freely showing the increase to the middle compass and back to lower compass by in rotation. The third, rhythm and speed also bring out differences in “GIL-Gun Music” between in the eastern and western area. “GIL-Gun Music” of Ingi-ri is made up of three-three rhythm of the unique rhythm modified from Chungchungmori, and moderate speed of fifty-five beat per one minute. On the other hand, that of Dongi-ri is done of slow Chungchungmori rhythm. In this paper, musical characteristics of “GIL-Gun Music” between in the eastern and western area of Jindo were studied. Hereafter, it is considered that literary aspects should be investigated. In addition with the “GIL-Gun Music”, field song also would be widely examined and discussed in future.