An Experimental Study on Physiological and Psychological Effects of Pine Scent

조현주,후지이 에이지로,조태동,Jo, Hyun-Ju,Fujii, Eijiro,Cho, Tae-Dong Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 2010 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

녹지식물과 접함으로써 얻어지는 생리 심리적 효과를 과학적으로 실증하는 것은 녹지의 심리효과에 대한 객관적인 지식의 제공과 더불어 인간의 감성을 고려한 녹지공간을 창출에 있어 유용한 근거가 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 15명의 한국인 남성을 대상으로 자연 발산하는 소나무 잎의 향기를 맡는 동안 대뇌활동(뇌혈액동태)과 자율신경계활동(혈압, 맥박, 아밀라제)을 측정하고, SD법(Semantic Differential method)과 POMS(Profile Of Mood States)를 이용하여 소나무 향기에 대한 인상 및 감정상태의 변화를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 소나무 향기는 대뇌활동에 있어 전두야의 감정, 판단, 운동을 담당하는 부위와 측두야의 기억을 담당하는 부위의 활성화를 초래하였다. SD법과 POMS에 의한 언어적 평가에서는 소나무 향기는 자연적이지만, 자극적이고 활발한 인상을 가지며, 활기를 주고 혼란한 정서를 안정시키는 향기로서 평가되었다. 한편, 자율신경계활동에서는 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 실증된 결과를 통해, 소나무 향기가 우리의 생리 심리적인 측면에 활력을 주는 사실이 과학적으로 검증되었으며, 금후 감성을 고려한 녹지환경 디자인을 위한 기초적인 자료로 활용될 것을 기대한다. The scientific verification of the physiological and psychological effects that result from interaction with green plants would not only provide objective knowledge on the psychological effect of green but would also establish useful grounds for the creation of green spaces that consider human emotions. The present study measured the cerebral activity(cerebral blood flow) and the autonomic nervous system activity (blood pressure, pulse rate, amylase) of fifteen Korean male subjects as they inhaled the natural scent diffused by pine needles. Impression and mood state evaluations of the reactions to the pine scent were carried out using the SD method and POMS. Cerebral activity was observed to be significantly activated in the feeling, judgment, and motor areas of the frontal lobe, as well as the memory area in the temporal lobe. Verbal evaluations by the SD method and POMS indicated a pine scent left natural but stimulated and active impressions, provided vigor, and also reduced confusion. The autonomic nervous system activities, however, showed no significant differences. These findings verified scientifically that a pine scent vitalizes humans both physiologically and psychologically. These results could be useful as fundamental data for the design of green spaces that consider human emotional aspects.

단삼(丹蔘) 수침액에 의한 복강대식세포로부터 산화질소의 발생

조현주,문석재,Jo, Hyun-Ju,Moon, Seok-Jae 대한한방내과학회 1999 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Dansam, the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, (Labiatae), has a bitter taste and a slightly 'cold' property, and is nontoxic. In the present study, effect of Dansam on nitric oxide (NO) generation from peritoneal macrophags was examined. Dansam had no effect on NO generation by itself, whereas recombinant interferon-${\gamma}\;(rIFN-{\gamma})$ alone had modest activity. When Dansam was used in combination with $rIFN-{\gamma}$, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO generation in a dose-dependent manner, The optimal effect of Dansam on NO generation was shown at 6 hr after treatment with $rIFN-{\gamma}$. Furthermore, the effect of Dansam was mainly dependent on Dansam-induced tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ secretion. These results suggest that Dansam induces NO generation from macrophages by the result of Dansam-induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion.

아마란스 꽃 추출물의 항산화에 관한 연구

조현주,김정원,윤진아,김경임,정강현,송병춘,안정희,Jo, Hyeon-Ju,Kim, Jeong Won,Yoon, Jin-A,Kim, Kyoung Im,Chung, Kang-Hyun,Song, Byeong Chun,An, Jeung Hee 한국식품영양학회 2014 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 아마란스의 붉은 색과 보라색 꽃 열수 추출물과 메탄올 추출물의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량 측정과 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성, SOD 유사 활성을 측정하였으며, 세포내에서 생성된 superoxide 라디칼 제거 활성과 산화질소 생성 억제 활성을 분석하여 새로운 식물 유래 라디칼 소거 활성 물질을 개발하기 위하여 시행하였다. 총 폴리페놀의 함량은 아마란스 추출물 중 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물이 606.95 mg GAE/100 g으로 가장 높았으며, 플라보노이드 함량도 254.69 mg CE/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 또한 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성에서도 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물의 $RC_{50}$ 값이 $155.06{\mu}g/m{\ell}$로 나타났다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능 측정에서는 $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 농도에서 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물의 활성이 53.16%로 가장 좋았으며, 보라색 꽃 열수 추출물(41.55%), 붉은 꽃 열수 추출물(30.52%), 붉은 꽃 메탄올 추출물(30.34%)의 순으로 활성을 나타내었다. 이와 반대로 SOD 유사 활성은 보라색 꽃 열수 추출물에서 메탄올 추출물의 활성보다 3배나 높은 결과를 보여주었다. 세포내 superoxide 라디칼 제거 활성은 $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 농도에서 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물(72.34%)이 붉은 색 꽃 열수 추출물(40.40%)보다 1.79배 높은 활성을 보였다. 세포내 NO 생성 억제 활성을 조사한 결과에서는 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물이 $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$의 농도에서 46.90%의 가장 높은 저해 활성을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 결과, 플라보노이드 함량이 높은 보라색 꽃 메탄올 추출물에서 라디컬 소거능이 높았으며 강력한 항산화제 활성을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 아마란스 꽃의 새로운 항산화 소재로서 개발 가능성을 보여주었다. This study investigates the free radical-scavenging activities of Amaranth (Amaranthus spp. L.) red and purple flower extracts. The methanol and hot water extracts of flower are being evaluated for its total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, scavenging activities by the DPPH and ABTS analysis, SOD-like activity, and inhibition activities of superoxide radical on the HL-60 cells and nitric oxide of the RAW 264.7 cells. The PFM (purple flower extracted with MeOH) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content, 606.95 mg GAE/100 g and 254.69 mg CE/100 g, respectively. Amongst the scavenging activities of the DPPH radicals, PFM($RC_{50}=155.06{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) is the highest of all the samples. The ABTS radical-scavenging activity is also highest for PFM (53.16%) at the $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. But, the SOD-like activity of the PFW (purple flower extracted with hot water) increases more than 3 folds of the PFM. In the leukemia HL-60 cell, the PFM shows strongly inhibited superoxide radical generations at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at 72.34%, which increases with 1.79 folds more than the RFW (red flower extracted with hot water). The inhibition activity of nitric oxide in Raw 264.7 cells is the highest for PMF (46.90%) at a $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. In conclusion, PMF show the highest flavonoid contents and the most powerful free radical-scavenging activity. Our results suggest that the increase of antioxidant activities depend on flavonoid contents. Thus, Amaranth flower can be useful for natural antioxidant compounds.

봄꽃의 개화가 대학생들에게 미치는 시각·심리적 영향

조현주 ( Hyun-ju Jo ),홍계숙 ( Gye-sook Hong ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.8

The present study was performed to investigate the psychological effects of spring flowers blossoms, which is one of the elements influencing to human psychology, in order to provide scientific evidence on the psychological benefits of green plants. A self-reporting survey was conducted by using self reporting questionnaires on the impression (semantic differential method: SD method) and mood states (profile of mood states: POMS) of eighty university students in their twenties. Korean forsythia, Korean rosebay, Japanese apricot, Cherry blossom, and Magnolia were chosen as spring flowers. The results of impression evaluation and mood states changes showed that spring flower blossom had beautiful, soft, warm, moist, familiar and full impressions, and changed our mood positively by reducing depression and anger, or by increasing vigor. In addition, different psychological effects can be differently observed depending on the species; for example, Cherry blossom had a greater effect in changing the impression and feeling than others. The findings would provide support toward the active usage in green space as well as its design maximizing the psychological effects of nature.

상품미학에 내재된 시선에 관한 고찰

조현주(Hyun-ju Jo) 한국디자인학회 1998 디자인학연구 Vol.- No.27

젊은 여성과 중년 여성의 차와 음료 소비 비교에 관한 연구

조현주(Hyun-Ju Jo),정소형(So-Hyoung Jung),정윤정(Yun-Jung Jung) 한국차학회 2023 한국차학회지 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구는 젊은 여성(20대와 30대)과 중년 여성(40대와 50대)의 세대 차이가 차와 음료 소비에 미치는 차이를 알아보고자 만 20세 이상 59세 미만의 대구⋅경북지역 성인 여성 147명을 대상으로 차가 포함된 음료류와발효도가 따른 4가지 차(녹차, 홍차, 우롱차, 보이차)에 대한 평소 섭취 실태를 조사하였고, 차를 섭취하는 이유와 마시지 않는 이유 및 녹차와 홍차에 대한 효능 인식도의 차이를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 젊은 여성군의 평균연령은 24.97세, 중년 여성군은 49.49세였다(p<0.001). 젊은 여성군은 커피를 평소 가장 즐겨 마시고, 두 번째로는 탄산음료를 가장 많이 마신 반면, 중년 여성군에서는 커피를 평소 가장 즐겨 마셨으나 두 번째로는 우유 및유제품을 즐겨 마셔 유의미한 세대 간 차이가 나타났다(p<0.001, p<0.01). 최근 1년간 섭취한 음료 섭취빈도에서탄산음료(p<0.001)는 젊은 여성군에서 섭취하는 비율이 현저히 높았고, 커피(p<0.001), 우유 및 유제품(p<0.05) 과 전통차(p<0.001) 섭취는 중년 여성군에서 섭취 빈도가 유의적으로 높았다. 젊은 여성군은 녹차 다음으로 홍차를, 중년 여성군은 녹차 다음으로 보이차를 선호하는 비율이 높은 경향이었고, 중년 여성군의 녹차 섭취 비율이 젊은 여성군 보다 높았다(p<0.05). 홍차, 우롱차, 보이차의 섭취빈도는 세대간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 젊은여성 군은 차를 마시는 이유와 마시지 않는 이유에서 모두 ‘맛’과 ‘향’이 중요하였고, 중년 여성군에서는 ‘건강관리’, ‘다이어트’, ‘카페인’ 같은 건강과 관련된 이유들에 대한 비율이 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 녹차의 효능 인식도는 ‘건강증진’, ‘성인병 예방’, ‘체중조절’, ‘피부미용’에 대한 효능 항목에서 젊은 여성군이 중년 여성군 보다 유의미하게 높았다. 결론적으로 두 군 모두 평소 커피 보다 차의 선택비율이 현저히 낮았고, 젊은 여성군에서는 중년 여성 군 보다 녹차의 효능 인식도가 높았음에도 불구하고 녹차의 섭취 빈도는 더욱 낮아 연령에 의한 차이가 나타났으며, 차를 마시는 이유와 기피 이유에서도 기호성을 중요시하는 젊은 여성과 건강을 중요시하는중년 여성 간의 차이가 나타났다. This study compared the differences in tea and beverage intakes of young and middle-aged women. This study investigated the preference and frequency of consumption of beverages and four teas (green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and Pu'er tea), the reasons for consumption and avoidance, and the recognition of the efficacy of green tea and black tea. The young women enjoyed coffee the most, followed by carbonated beverages. The middle-aged women enjoyed coffee the most, but milk and dairy ranked second, resulting in significant differences (p<0.001, p<0.01). In the frequency of beverage intake over the past year, the percentage of carbonated beverages (p<0.001) was significantly higher in young women, while coffee (p<0.001), milk and dairy products (p<0.05), and traditional tea (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the middle-aged women. The young women preferred black tea over green tea, and the middle-aged women preferred Pu’er tea over green tea. The middle-aged women's green tea intake rate was higher than that of the young women (p<0.05). In the young women, ‘taste’ and ‘scent’ were important in both the reasons for tea consumption and avoidance, and the proportion of health-related reasons, such as ‘health care,’ ‘diet,’ and ‘caffeine,’ was high in the middle-aged women (p<0.001). Recognition of the efficacy of green tea was significantly higher in young women than in middle-aged women in the areas of ‘health promotion,’ ‘adult disease prevention,’ ‘weight control,’ and ‘skin beauty.’ In conclusion, the tea intake rate was significantly lower than coffee in both groups. Although the young women group had a higher awareness of the efficacy of green tea than the middle-aged women group, the frequency of green tea consumption was lower, showing a difference due to age. In addition, differences appeared in the reasons for drinking tea and avoiding it between young women who value preference and middle-aged women who value health.

가정교과에서의 창의성 교수,학습 방법의 적용

조현주 ( Hyun Ju Jo ),권갑순 ( Gab Soon Kwon ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2003 중등교육연구 Vol.51 No.2

This study has investigated in the effect of creative teaching-learning method on classroom activities, which is considered to contribute to the characteristics of home economics education. The subjects consisted of 80 students selected among the 1st-year middle school students in Daegu. standardized questionnaires were distributed to the interviewees before and after class in order to examine the effect of teaching method, with SPSS PC+ used for data analysis. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The teaching method was applied to the class of home economics, and then the t-test explored the difference between the control group and the testing group with creative characteristic test. As a result, a significant difference was revealed at the creative characteristic index, the authority acceptance index which shows inverse correlation to the creative index, and the trained imagination index which shows a strong correlation to the creative index. It can, therefore, be said that the creative teaching-learning method (CTM) in home economics education influenced the learners positively to alter their creative characteristics. 2. The CTM in home economics education presented a statistically significant difference and also an improved average of the fluency or flexibility index in the testing group at the post test result. However, there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group while the average of post -investigation scored highly at both the experimental and the control group. originality may be considered to take some more time than fluency or flexibility. It is needed to apply the effective CTM by searching for an alternative to improve the originality. (Kyungpook National Univ./Bummul Middle School)

여대생의 식습관과 영양소 섭취상태가 피부상태에 미치는 영향

조현주(Jo Hyun-Ju),최미자(Choi Mi-Ja) 韓國營養學會 2010 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.43 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary habits and nutrient intakes on skin condition of female university students. The subjects were 95 female university students in Daegu. This study examined anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, food intake habits and skin condition (moisture, elasticity, sebum (U-zone, Tzone), pores, evenness and melanin pigmentation. The subjects in this study had an average age of 21.4, an average height and weight of 161.2 ㎝ and 52.9 ㎏, respectively, and the average body mass index (BMI) was 20.3 ㎏/㎡. The means of skin elasticity, pores, evenness, and melanin pigmentation were within the normal range of women in their 20s and the skin moisture state was slightly lower than the normal range, which showed a dry tendency. The sebum in the U-zone and the T-zone was lower than the standard values, which showed less secretion in both areas. The subjects with high nut intake showed a better skin pore state (p < 0.05). Those with a high intake of instant foods showed a sig-nificantly low skin moisture and a significantly higher sebum rate (p < 0.05). The group with high skin elasticity and the group with less melanin pigmentation showed a significantly low animal protein intake (p < 0.05). The group with high skin elasticity also showed a significantly higher vitamin A and niacin intakes as well (p < 0.05). The group with high skin evenness showed a significantly lower animal lipid intake and a significantly higher vitamin E intake (p < 0.05). In addition, those with high skin elasticity and evenness as well as low melanin pigmentation showed a tendency of high intake of antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C or vitamin E. In summary, a moderate intake of plant-based products and also the antioxidant vitamins within such products seems to have a beneficial effect on maintaining a healthy and good skin condition.

일본에 있어서 허브의 이용 현황과 전망

조현주 ( Hyun Ju Jo ),이향림 ( Hyang Rim Lee ),조태동 ( Tae Dong Jo(Cho) ),김유영 ( Yu Yeong Kim ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2007 녹지환경학회지 Vol.3 No.1

In developed countries, herbs were designated as environmentally friendly plants. Thus they have been used variously as materials for interior, herb garden, aroma therapy, and alternative medicine. In this study, we investigated and then discussed the prospect of the herb utilization in Japan. For this study, we investigated the related literatures and surveyed whom concerning herbs. Lavender has been cultivated in Hokkaido since 1940, then it was spreaded mainly in Tokyo area. Thereafter development of goods related with herbs, herb garden, special school, tour in and beyond Japan, and magazines and books were introduced and extended to people. However reevaluation of Japanese indigenous herb plants and participation of distribution and marketing specialists were required especially for herb garden.

丹蔘에 의한 NO 생성 및 NOS 유전자의 발현 유도 효과에 관한 연구

조현주(Hyun-ju Jo),원진희(Jin-hee Won),문구(Gu Moon),문석재(Seok-jae Moon),유기원(Gi-won Ryu),유봉하(Bong-ha Ryu) 대한한의학회 2000 대한한의학회지 Vol.21 No.3