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조아연,김영주 연세대학교 언어정보연구원 2023 언어사실과 관점 Vol.60 No.-
본 연구는 과제의 인지적 복잡성이 학습자의 구어 산출에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 Robinson(2011)에서 제시한 과제의 세 가지 구성 요소 영영 체계 중 과제 복잡성(인지적 요소)의 하위 요소인 ‘+/- 적은 과제 구성 요소의 수’(인지자원집중변인)와 ‘+/- 사전 계획 시간(인지자원분산변인)’을 조작하여 과제의 유형을 설계하였다. 연구 결과, 과제가 복잡해질수록 학습자 발화에서 복잡성과 유창성은 증가했지만 정확성은 감소하였으며 기술 통계상 유의미하지 않았다. 그리고 사전 계획 시간을 제공한 집단에서 학습자 언어의 유창성이 증가하였음에도 불구하고 기술 통계상 유의미하지 않았으며 정확성이 감소하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국어를 목표어로 학습자들의 언어 산출을 관찰한 Lee(2000, 2002)와 일부 유사한 연구 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 반면에 Robinson의 인지 가설과 기존의 연구들(Robinson, 1995; 2001a)과는 일부 다른 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 과제의 인지적 복잡성이 학습자의 구어에서 정확성에는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 학습자의 구어 산출의 복잡성과 유창성을 발달시키는 데에는 긍정적인 역할을 한다는 것을 확인하였다. The purpose of this study is to The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the cognitive complexity of the task on the calculation of learners' spoken. This study designed the type of task by manipulating the sub-factors of the complexity of the task presented by Robinson (2011): '+/- fewer task components' and '+/- pre-prep time'. A total of 32 learners participated in this study performed two types of tasks, and they performed tasks with the same researcher. Through this, we would like to examine learner language calculation as a whole according to the degree of complexity of the task, as well as the factors used to control the complexity of the task in detail. By examining learners' language output in three aspects: accuracy, complexity, and fluency, we would like to find out how learners' language performance varies in each aspect. Through this, this study will be able to provide a basis for how much task complexity should be produced and executed in the field of Korean language education. In particular, this study can be helpful in selecting an appropriate task depending on which aspect of Korean speech is emphasized among accuracy, complexity, and fluency.
EST-SSR 마커를 이용한 인삼 품종과 육성계통의 유전적 다형성 및 유연관계 분석
방경환,서아연,정종욱,김영창,조익현,김장욱,김동휘,차선우,조용구,김홍식 韓國藥用作物學會 2012 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.20 No.4
In this study, Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat (EST-SSR) analyses were used to clarify the genetic polymorphisms among Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines and to classify them into distinct genetic groups. Polymorphic and reproducible bands were produced by 14 primers out of total 30 primers used in this study. Fourteen EST-SSR loci generated a total of 123 bands. Amplified PCR products showed the highly reproducible banding patterns at 110~920 bp. The number of amplified bands for each EST-SSR primers ranged from 2 to 19 with a mean of 8.8 bands. P26 and P35 primers showed 13 and 12 banding patterns, respectively. The number of alleles for each EST-SSR locus ranged from 1.67 to 2.00 with a mean of 1.878 alleles. P34 and P60 primers showed the highest and the lowest genetic polymorphism, respectively. Cluster analysis based on genetic similarity estimated by EST-SSR markers classified Korean cultivars and breeding lines into 4 groups. Group included Gopoong and Chunpoong and 9 breeding lines (55%), group included 2 breeding lines (10%), group included 3 breeding lines (15%), group included Gumpoong and 3 breeding lines (20%). Consequently, the EST-SSR marker developed in this study may prove useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and differentiation of Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines.
방경환,서아연,김영창,조익현,김장욱,김동휘,차선우,조용구,김홍식 한국약용작물학회 2012 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.20 No.4
These studies were conducted to provide basic information on Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) and to identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. The agronomic characteristics was used to clarify the genetic relationships among Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines and to classify them into distinct genetic groups. Angle of petiole and number of fibrous root showed a wide variation from 15.0~67.8˚ and 0~5, respectively. The average plant length was 54.2cm with a range of 37.9~64.8cm and the average stem diameter was 5.6mm with a range of 4.0~7.5mm. The average stem length was 31.9cm with a range of 21.8~37.9cm and the average root weight was 38.1 g with a range of 23.0~52.0 g. The 24 Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines were classified into 4 groups based on agronomic characteristics using the complete linkage cluster analysis. The I, II, III and IV groups included the 60.8%, 7.4%, 13.1% and 8.7% of the cultivars and breeding lines, respectively. The breeding lines in group I could be characterized as the group with the highest growth characters and yield components, such as plant length, stem diameter and root weight. The root weight, the yield component, had highly significant positive correlations with stem diameter, plant length and stem length.