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호기발효시스템에 있어서 고질소 함유 가축폐기물의 부하율이 질소제거효율에 미치는 영향
정상현(S . H . Chong),이상락(S . R . Lee),조남기(N . K . Cho),맹원재(W . J . Maeng) 한국축산학회 1996 한국축산학회지 Vol.38 No.3
This study was conducted to develop a treating technique to get rid of nitrogen from the animal waste containing high nitrogen by aerobic fermentation. The effect of loading rate on the removal efficiency of nitrogen was examined by using both a lab- and a pilot-scale aerobic fermentation system. Anaerobic fermentation residue of swine waste achieved from a pilot-scale anaerobic fermentation system was used as substrate in these studies. The loading rates applied to the lab-scale study were 54.24, 162.72, and 271.20 g N/㎥/day, respectively, and to the pilot-scale study were 43.4, 56.8, 126.4, and 142.8 g N/㎥/day, respectively. A 5-day hydraulic retention time (HRT) was provided to the lab-scale system and to a 1-day HRT for the pilot-scale system. Results obtained in both lab- and pilot-scale studies were similar. The removal rate of kjeldahl nitrogen significantly increased as the loading rate increased (P$lt;0.01). The removal rate of ammonia-N tended to increase as the loading rate increased. The removal rate of biological oxygen demand increased as the loading rate increased (P$lt;0.01), while no statistical differences were observed in the removal rate of the suspended solids (SS). The removal rate of phosphorus increased as the loading rate decreased (P$lt;0.05), which showed an adverse trend of the removal rate of organic mattes such as nitrogen and SS. The results obtained from this study suggest that the loading rate should be considered as crucial factors to remove nitrogen from the animal waste containing high nitrogen by aerobic fermentation.
제주도에 있어서 Alfalfa 의 수량 및 초장의 품종간 차이에 관한 연구
조남기,김형균,김한림 ( N . K . Cho,H . K . Kim,H . R . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.2
This study was to select superior varieties of alfalfa adapted to Jeju environment. Seventeen alfalfa varieties were used in this study. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Weevlcheck, W.L. 303, 153, and Saranaco produced more fresh weight than other varieties and there was no significant difference among them. But Lahontan, Stride, W.L. 525 were light producers in fresh yield. (2) W.L. 303, 530, Saranaco and Narraganset were long but Lahontan, and W.L. 525 are short in plant length and the range were from 4.9 to 53.8㎝. (3) These tendencies on plant length and on fresh weight were similar to those in 1971, and 1972. (4) There were close correlation between plant length and fresh weight(r=0.763 Y=21.06x+539.602). In other word, long varieties in plant length were heavy producers.
암모니아 처리가 면양에 의한 볏짚의 소화율과 섭취량 그리고 반추위내 암모니아 농도 및 혈액중 요소농도변화에 미치는 영향
맹원재,정태영,박호성,조남기,김원,이민재 ( W . J . Maeng,T . Y . Chung,H . S . Park,N . K . Cho,W . Kim,M . J . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.7
Air dry rice straw was treated with 3%o anhydrous ammonia in wire mesh silo and stack and 3% aqueous ammonia in stack for 89 days from October 21 to January 18 and metabolism trial was conducted with 4 fistulated sheep in 4 × 4 Latin square design. Rice straw was sole feed with vitamin and minerals and water offered ad libitum. Crude protein was 4.2% in untreated rice straw and increased 2.2-2.4 times after ammonia treatment (p$lt;0.01), and cell wall constituents and acid detergent fiber of ammonia treated rice straw were decreased 5.96.5% and 5.8-6.3%, respectively, compared with untreated rice straw (p$lt;0.01). Dry matter digestibility was 44.0% in untreated rice straw and 53.5-54.8% in ammonia treated rice straw (p$lt;0.05), which were increased 22-25% as compared with untreated rice straw. Dry matter intake and digestible dry mattc;r intake of ammonia treated rice straw were increased 22-36% and 48-70%, respectively over untreated rice straw (p$lt;0.05). Ammonia-N in rumen was ranged 0.8-2.8 ㎎ per 100㎖ rumen fluid in untreated rice straw and 4.0-18.1㎎ in ammonia treated rice straw. The highest value of blood urea-N per 100m1 of blood was 15㎎ in untreated rice straw and 21-26㎎ in ammonia treated rice straw.
GaAs 기반 1300 ㎚ 파장대역 InAs 양자점 레이저 다이오드의 발진 특성
김광웅(K. W. Kim),조남기(N. K. Cho),송진동(J. D. Song),이정일(J. I. Lee),박정호,이유종(Y. J. Lee),최원준(W. J. Choi) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2009 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.18 No.4
Migration Enhanced Molecular Beam Epitaxy를 통해 성장한 GaAs 기반 1300 ㎚ 파장대역 InAs 양자점 레이저 다이오드의 발진 특성을 연구하였다. 펄스 및 상온 연속 동작에서 전류 주입 및 동작 온도 변화에 따른 L-I 특성과 발진 스펙트럼 측정을 통해 바닥준위(1302 ㎚)에서 여기준위(1206 nm)로의 발진 파장의 전환을 관찰하였으며 이는 양자점 바닥준위 이득의 포화로 이해된다. 상온 펄스 동작시 문턱전류 밀도는 92 A/㎠, 발진 파장은 1311 ㎚이며, 상온 연속 동작시 문턱전류 밀도는 247 A/㎠, 발진 파장은 1320 ㎚이다. We have investigated the lasing characteristics of GaAs-based 1300 nm wavelength region InAs Quantum Dot Laser Diode grown by Migration Enhanced Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Under a pulsed and CW operation, we observed the state switching of lasing wavelength from ground state (1302 ㎚) to excited state (1206 ㎚) due to the gain saturation of ground state. Under a pulsed operation, Jth=92 A/㎠, λL=1311 ㎚ and under a CW operation, Jth=247 A/㎠, λL=1320 ㎚.
AlAs 습식산화와 열처리로 인한 InGaAs 양자점 레이저 구조의 Intermixing효과에 관한 공간 분해 광학적 특성
황준석,권봉준,곽호상,최재원,조용훈,조남기,전헌수,조운조,송진동,최원준,이정일,Hwang J.S.,Kwon B.J.,Kwack H.S.,Choi J.W.,Choi Y.H.,Cho N.K.,Cheon H.S.,Cho W.C.,Song J.D.,Choi W.J.,Lee J.I. 한국진공학회 2006 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.15 No.2
전류 차단층으로서 AlAs 자연산화층 ($AlO_x$) 을 갖는 InGaAs 양자점 (quantum dot) 구조를 분자선 박막 성장법 (molecular-beam epitaxy)과 습식 산화법 (wet oxidation)을 이용하여 제작하였고, 이들 구조의 열처리에 따른 광학적인 특성 변화를 photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation, 그리고 공간 분해능을 갖는 micro-PL을 이용하여 분석하였다. 습식 산화와 열처리 과정을 통해 intermixing된 InGaAs 양자점 영역에서 PL 특성을 조사한 결과, intermixing 되지 않은 영역보다 높은 에너지에서 완만한 PL peak이 추가적으로 관측되었다. 산화되지 않은 (non-oxided) AlAs 아래에 있는 InGaAs 양자점 영역에서는 약 1.1 eV에서 PL emission이 주로 관측되었으나, $AlO_x$와 $SiN_x$에 의해 intermixing 된 InGaAs 양자점 영역에서는 각각 약 1.16 eV와 $1.18{\sim}1.20$ eV 에서의 PL emission도 함께 관측되었다. 실험 결과, $AlO_x$층이 있는 InGaAs 양자점 영역이 산화 되지 않은 AlAs층이 있는 영역에 비해서 intermixing 효과가 크게 작용함을 알 수 있었다. Optical characteristics of InGaAs quantum dot (QD) laser structures with an Al native oxide (AlOx) layer as a current-blocking layer were studied by means of photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation, and spatially-resolved micro-PL techniques. The InGaAs QD samples were first grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), and then prepared by wet oxidation and thermal annealing techniques. For the InGaAs QD structures treated by the wet oxidation and thermal annealing processes, a broad PL emission due to the intermixing effect of the AlOx layer was observed at PL emission energy higher than that of the non-intermixed region. We observed a dominant InGaAs QD emission at about 1.1 eV in the non-oxide AlAs region, while InGaAs QD-related emissions at about 1.16 eV and $1.18{\sim}1.20eV$ were observed for the AlOx and the SiNx regions, respectively. We conclude that the intermixing effect of the InGaAs QD region under an AlOx layer is stronger than that of the InGaAs QD region under a non-oxided AlAs layer.