제주도 혼파목초지 식생의 연차적 변화에 관한 연구

趙南棋 韓國作物學會 1979 Korean journal of crop science Vol.24 No.4

본 연구는 제주도 개량목초지에서 1971~1978 연까지의 식생의 연차적민 변화과정을 조사한 결과로서 그 개요는 다음과 같다. 1. 식생은 1~3연초지에서는 Dactylis glomerata / Trifolium repens type, 4연초지에서 Imperata cylindrica / Trifolium repens type, 5~8연초지에서는 Imperata cylindrica / Zoysia japonica type으로 변화하였다. 2. 초장의 변화과정에서 혼파목초들은 1~3연초지까지는 길어지고 있으나(37.9~45.1cm) 그 이후부터 매년 짧아지고 있는 반면 잡초류의 초장은 1연초지 이후부터 현저히 길어지고 있는(30~44.2cm) 경향이었다. 3. 피도에 있어서 혼파목초들은 1 연초지에서 72.4%이던것이 해가 지남에 따라 극히 감소되어 8연초지에서는 0.2%로 나타나는 반면 잡초들은 1연초지 이후부터 현저히 증가되었다. 4. 연수의 경과에 따르는 식생구성률의 변화는 피도와 비슷한 경향이었다. 5. 초장 및 피도, 식생구성률에 있어서 해가 경과함에 따라 현저히 증가되는 식물은 Imperata cylindrica, Zoysia japonica, Miscanthus sinensis, Pteridium aquilinum, Crisium japonicum, Artemisia japonica 등이고 Cetella asiatica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Artemisia asiatica 등은 오히려 감소되었다. 6. 혼파목초지에 침범한 잡초유는 1연초지에서 24종이었으나 해가 경과함에 따라 종수가 증가되어 6연초지에서는 60종이었으며 그중 가축의 불식초류가 매년 증가되는 경향이었다. Mixed seeds of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Trifolium repens, Lolium multiflorum on the improved pasture were sown to investigate the vegetational change during the years of 1971-1978. The dominant species were Dactylis glomerata and Trifolium repens from the first year to the third year, Imperata cylindrica and Trifolium repens in the forth year, Imperata cylindria and Zoysia japonica from the fifth year to the eighth year in the pasture.

發情同期化 處理牛의 血中 性호르몬 및 代謝物質 水準 變化에 關한 硏究

曺南基,高在文 조선대학교 농업연구소 1988 農業硏究 Vol.1988 No.1

本 試驗은 韓牛 成牝牛의 發情同期化를 위하여 PGF₂α 處理時 發情發現, 血中 性호르몬 및 代謝物質 水準變化를 究明하기 위하여 25㎎의 PGF₂α를 11日 간격으로 2回 投與한 후 매일 採血한 다음 RIA法으로 性호르몬을 分析하였고, 代謝物質은 酵素分析法으로 分析하여 얻어진 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. PGF₂α 1次 處理後 平均 發情發現은 60.0±17.0 時間이 소요됐으나 2次 處理時는 55.2±16.1 時間이었다. 2. 血中 Progesterone 水準은 1次 및 2次 PGF₂α 處理時 各各 3.21±1.26ng/㎖과 2.63±1.24ng/㎖이었으나 24時間後(D₁)에는 各各 0.30±0.56ng/㎖과 0.37±0.61ng/㎖으로 急減하였다. 3. 血中 estradiol-17β 水準도 1, 2次 PGF₂α 處理日인 D?에는 各各 21.69±4.81ng/㎖과 21.77±4.11ng/㎖었으나 發情日인 D₂에는 24.67±2.79ng/㎖와 24.55±4.00ng/㎖으로 높아졌다. 4. PGF₂α 處理後 血中 總 Cholesterol 水準은 1, 2次 處理時 共히 發情日에 가장 높은 132.57±19.05ng/100㎖와 120.84±18.26ng/100㎖이었다. 5. 血中 總 蛋白質 水準은 PGF₂α 處理後 큰 變化가 없었으나 glucose는 發情日에 다소 높은 傾向이었다. 6. PGF₂α 處理時 血中 Progesterone 水準은 estradiol-17β, Cholesterol 및 glucose 水準과 高度의 ?의 相關(r=-0.91, r=-0.75, r=-0.76)이 存在하였다. This study was carried out to investigate the interactions of steroid hormones, metabolites and estrus in Korean native cows. The experimental cows were synchronized with inject ion of 25 mg PGF_2α in 11 days apart. Blood samples were collected every day to estrus after PGF_2α treatment. Serum steroid hormones were analyzed by RIA, and total cholesterol and glucose were analyzed by enzyme assay. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The estrus was induced at 60.0±17.0 hours after the first shot of PGF_2α and 55.2±16.1 hours after the second shot. 2. Serum progesterone levels at the 1st and the 2nd shot of PGF_2α were 3.21±1.26ng/ml and 2.63±1.24ng/ml, but significantly decreased to 0.3±0.56ng/ml and 0.37±0.61ng/ml at D_1, respectively. 3. In 2nd shot of PGF_2α, serum estradiol-17β level was 21.77±4.11pg/ml. but increased to 24.55±4.00pg/ml at estrus. 4. In estrus total cholesterol levels after 1st and 2nd shot of PGF_2α were increased to 132.57±19.05 and 120.84±18.26mg/100ml, respectively. 5. The correlation coefficients of progesterone with estradiol-17β. cholesterol and glucose were found to -0.91. -0.75 and -0.76 on day of 2nd shot of PGF_2α, respectively.

생쥐 및 소 受精卵의 分離方法에 關한 硏究

曺南基 조선대학교 농업연구소 1987 農業硏究 Vol.1987 No.1

本 試驗은 受精卵의 徵細分離 및 培養에 대한 基礎資料를 얻고자 생쥐의 2, 4, 8 및 桑實胚와 소의 桑實胚를 供試하여 0.5%의 Pronase 處理 및 徵細操作器를 利用한 受精卵 分離 및 分離卵 培養試驗을 한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 多排卵 誘起를 위하여 생쥐는 PMS와 HCG를 各各 5 IU, 소에서는 PMS 2,500 IU와 PGF₂α×25㎎을 처리하여 頭當 各各 19.7±6.3個 및 7.5±3.1個의 正常受精卵을 回收하였다. 2. 供試된 總 個의 생쥐 受精卵 中 2細胞期에서 完全分離率은 75.0%였고, 平均은 70.5%였으며 소의 桑實胚는 66.7%가 完全分離되었다. 3. 分離된 생쥐 受精卵을 培養하여 正常發達을 나타낸 것은 2, 4, 8 및 桑實胚에서 各各 69.1%, 71.4%, 57.9% 및 69.2%였고 소의 桑實胚는 66.7%로 全體 平均은 67.9%였다. This study was carried out to obtain the basic information Oil splitting and culture of mouse and bovine embryos. Two-, fourh-, eight- cell and morula mouse embryos were digested by pronase, splitted in vitro by micro-glass needle with hand, and bovine embryo was splitted by micromanipulator. The splitted embryos were cultured under 5% of CO_2 gas in air at 37℃ for 48~72 hours. The results obtained in this study were summerized as follows; 1. The mouse and cattle were superovulated by 5IU of PMS and HCG, and 2,500IU of PMS and 25mg of PGF_2, respectively. The average embryos superovulated were 32.5±8.2 and 7.5±3.1, respectively. 2. Out of total 122 embryo splitted, the successful splitting rate was 75.0%, 66.7%, 68.4$ and 71.4% in 2-, 4-, 8- and morula embryos in mouse, respectively. There was no different splitting rate between mouse(71.4%) and bovine embryos (66.7%) in morula. 3. The successful culture rate of splitted embryos was 6P.0% and 67.9% in mouse and bovine embryos, respectively.

소에 있어서 雙胎生産에 관한 硏究

曺南基 조선대학교 농업연구소 1986 農業硏究 Vol.1986 No.1

본 硏究는 소에 있어서 송아지 壙大增殖을 위한 方案으로 雙胎生産을 위한 自然雙胎誘起 方法과 人爲的 雙胎生産 方法을 近來 論文 考察을 통하여 檢討하였고 雙胎誘起로 인하여 생기는 雙胎 송아지 生産이 分娩形質에 미치는 영향 등을 考察하였다. 1. 育種的인 면에서 雙胎出産은 낮은 遺傳力과 反復力 때문에 自然選拔에 의한 雙胎誘起 方法은 거의 活用할 수 없다. 2. 人爲的인 雙胎出産은 hormone 處理에 의한 方法보다 受精卵 利殖에 의한 방법이 더 좋은 結課를 얻었다. 3. 雙胎分娩시 難産, 後産 정체, 空胎期間 등이 單胎分娩시 보다 훨씬 增加하였다. This paper was reviewed on the methods of natural and artificial twinning in cattle and the calving characteristics of twins. 1. The possibility of selection for twins would not appear to be a likely candidate because of low heritability and repeatability. 2. The results obtained from embryo transfer for twin production of cattle were better than those from hormone treatment. 3. The dystocia, retained placentas and longer rebreeding intervals in twin production were increased much higher than those in single.

干拓地에서 栽培한 설탕무우 Silage가 育成豚의 成長에 미치는 效果

曺南基,金泰光 조선대학교 농업연구소 1985 農業硏究 Vol.1985 No.1

本 試驗은 育成豚에 對한 설탕무우 사일레지의 飼料價値 및 適正 給與水準을 究明하기 위하여 실시하였다. 즉 설탕무우 사일레지를 0, 15, 30, 45, 그리고 60% 까지 代置 給與하여 三元雜種(Nandrace × Chester white × Yorkshire), 30頭를 供試하고 約80日間으 飼養試驗을 實施하였던 바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 총 增體量은 설탕무우 사일렌지 給與水準이 0, 15, 30, 45, 그리고 60%로 높아짐에 따라 각각 56.9, 57.1, 57.2 그리고 59.6kg으로서 큰차이가 없었다. 2. 日당 增量은 處理區別로 705, 707, 708 및 738g으로서 설탕무우 사일렌지 水準 增加에 따라 같거나 다소 높은 경향이나 統計的인 有意差는 인정되지 않았으며 飼料要求量도 3.83, 3.81, 3.89, 3.89 및 3.76kg으로서 차이가 없었다. 3. 설탕무우 사일렌지 水準增加에 따라 등지방이 얇아지는 경향이었으며, 4. 增體kg當 飼料費는 설탕무우 사일렌지를 많아 給與하였을때가 가장 經濟的이었다. 5. 以上의 結果로 볼때 설탕무우 사일렌지를 곡류와 代置하여 60%까지 給與하여도 좋은 것으로 思料된다. Thirty erossbred pigs (Landrace x Chestwhite x Yorkshire) were used to study the effect of sugarbeet silage (0, 15, 30,45,60 %) as a replacement of grains in rations from weanling to marlcet weight on the .dry lot performance, carcass quality and feed cost per kg gain. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Body weight gain for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 % level of sugarbeet silage were 56. 9, 57, 1, 57.1, 57.2 and 59.6kg respectively. 2. Average daily gain was 705, 707, 707, 708 and 738kg respectively and tended to increase as the level of sugarbeet silage in the ration increased. However, there were on satistical differences between the levels. The amount of feed required per kg gain were 3. 83, 3. 81, 3. 89, 3. 89 and 3. 76kg respectively. 3. As the level of sugarbeet silage increased, back fat thickness tended to thin. 4. Feed cost per kg gain was the cheapest at the highest level of sugarbeet silage used. 5) Above result indicate that up to 60 % level of sugarbeet silage in the rations gave satisfactory gains, feed efficiency, carcass quality and feed cost per kg gain. The effect of sugarbeet silage in growing finishing pigs ration on performance and .carcass quality was studied. Up to 50 % level of sugarbeet silage in the ration indicated satisfactory results.

白色 및 有色 Babcork 産卵鷄의 血液像에 관한 비교연구

曺南基,朴悅,朴京洙 조선대학교 농업연구소 1982 農業硏究 Vol.1982 No.1

현재 국내에서 飼養되고 있는 産卵鷄의 표준 血液學値를 作成하고자 學土農場에서 집단 飼育되고 있는 白 色 Babcork 産卵鷄와 有色 Babcork 産卵鷄에서 임의로 추출한 40週齡의 암닭에 대하여 血色素, 白血球量 및 Hematocrit를 측정 하였고 그 平均赤血球容積(M. C. V) , 平均赤血球血色素量(M. C. H)와 平均赤血球濃度(M. C. H. C)를 계산하여 平均値를 求하였으며 統計的 有意性을 檢定하였던바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다 . 1. 亦血球數(R. B. C)는 白色 Babcork 産卵鷄는 2.78 ± 0.0537 × 10^6/cu· mm· 이었으며 有色 Babcork 産卵鷄에서는 2.82 ± 0.1954 × l0^6/cu·mm· 이었다. 2. 血色素量은 白色 Babcork 産卵鷄는 8.98 ± 0.3023gm/100ml이고 有色 Babcork 産卵鷄에서는 8.76 ± 0.1207 gm /100ml 이었다. 3. Hematocrit直는 白色 Babcork 産卵鷄는 28.94 ± 0.9069% 이었고 有色 Babcork 産卵鷄에서는 28.28 ± 0.3618% 이었다. 4. 平均赤血球容積(M.C.V), 平均赤血球血色素量(M.C.H)와 平均末血球血色素濃度(M.C.H.C)는 白色 Babcork 産卵鷄에서 104.04 ± 1.9695cu, 32.278 ± 0.6268μμg, 31.02 ± 0.0729% 이고 有色 Babcork 産卵鷄에서는 102.02 ± 6.3415cu, 30.80 ± 1.5465 μμg, 30.98 ± 1.5465% 이었다. 5. 總白血球數(W. B. C)는 白色 Babcork 産卵鷄에서 I7.33 ± l.9841 × 10^3/cu · mm · 이고 有色 Babcork 産卵鷄에서는 l7.55 ± 1.7997 이었다. 6. 두 種 사이의 赤血球歡, 血色素量, Hematocrit値, 平均赤血球容積(M. C. V), 平均赤血球色素量(M. C. H), 平均赤血球色素濃度 (M. C. H. C), 總白血球數에서는 統計的 有意差가 認定되지 않았다. 7. 體重은 白色 Babcork 産卵鷄 1.74 ± 0.0797kg이고 有色 Babcork 産卵鷄 2.2 ± 0.0354kg 이였으며 5% 수준의 有意差가 인정 되었다. 8. 赤血球數와 白色素의 相關係는 두 種 모두다 有意性이 인정 되지 않았다. The results of normal blood pictures of White Babcork Hens and Yellow Babcork Hens were as follows: 1. The number of the erythrocytes showed the everage value of 2.78 ± 0.0537 million per. cu. mm. in White Babcork Hens, and 2.82 ± 0.1954 million per. cu. mm. in Yellow Babcork Hens. 2. The hemoglobin value showed the everage of 8.98+0.3023 gm. per 100ml. In White Babcork Hens, and 8.76+0.1207 gm. per l00ml. in Yellow Babcork Hens. 3. The hematocrit value showed the everage of 28.94 ± 0.9069 percent in White Babcork hens, and 28.28+0.3618 percent in Yellow Babcork Hens. 4. Mean corpuscular (M. C. V.), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (M. C. H.) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (M. C. H. C.) showed 104.04 ± 1. 9659 cu, 32.80 ± 0.6288 uug, 30.98 ± 0.0729 percent in White Bbcork Hens, and 102.02 ± 6.3415 cu, 30.80 ± 1.5465 uug, 30.98 ± 1.5465 percent in Yellow Babcork Hens. 5. The total leukocyte count showed 17.55 ± 1.7997 thousand per cu mm. in Yellow Bab-cork Hens, and 17.33 ± 1.9841 thousand per cu mm. in White Babcork Hens. 6. The number of the erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrite, M. C. V., M. C. H., M. C. H. C., and total leukocyte count observed did not show significant difference between White Babcork Hens and Yellow Babcork Hens. 7. Body weight showed 1.74 ± 0.0797kg in White Babcork Hens, and 2.2 ± 0.0354kg in Yellow Babcork Hens. There appeared higher significant difference between them. 8. The correlation between number of the erythrocyte and volume of the hemogiobin was not shown significant difference between White Babcork Hens and Yellow Hens

濟州道 混播收草地의 雜草遷移에 관한 硏究 : Ⅰ. 엉겅퀴(Cirsium japonicum)의 李節 및 年次的 變化

趙南棋 제주대학교 1984 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

本 硏究는 濟州道 漢拏山 中山間地域의 自然草地(Imperata cylindrica / Zoysia japonica type)를 開墾한 後 Dactylis glomerata 17kg, Festuca arundinacea 7kg, Lolium multiflorum 2kg, Trifolium repens 2kg의 導入牧草를 混播하여 (28kg/1 ha) 家畜放牧에 利用되고 있는(1977∼1982年) 改良牧草地를 對象으로 하여 엉겅퀴(Cirsium japonicum)의 季節 및 年次的 生育變化過程을 調査한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. Cirsium japonicum의 季節에 따르는 密度ㆍ被度ㆍ草長ㆍ收量 등 植生의 季節的 變化는 各年度마다 秋期에 가장 優勢하였고, 春期에는 가장 低調하였다. 2. 草長의 年次的 變化는 1年草地에서 39.89cm였으나 年數가 經過함에 따라 점차적으로 增加되어 6年草地에서는 50.42cm로 나타나고 있는데, 이 變化狀態의 回歸方程式은 y=0.03x²+2.28x+35.62였다. 3. 草地造成 以後 年次別 密度의 變化는 1年草地에서 0.08%였던것이 6年草地에서는 0.29%로 增加(y=0.01x²-0.02x+0.15)되었다. 4. 被度의 年次的 變化는 1年草地에서 0.54% 였던 것이 年數가 經過함에 따라 점차 增加되어 6年째 되는 草地에서는 3.01%로 나타나고 있는데, 이 變化狀態는 y=0.16x²+0.02x+0.38이었다. 5. 年數의 經過에 따르는 生草收量의 變化는 10a當 1年草地에서 2.40kg이었으나, 6年草地에서는 11.37kg으로 每年 增加되는 傾向(y=0.08x²+1.25x+1.07)이었다. This study was conducted to examine the yearly and seasonal changes of Cirsium japonicum in the improved pasture of the mountain districts around Mt. Halla in Cheju Island. For this study, the researcher and investigated for six years from 1977 to 1982 the improved pasture which had been used for grazing from 1977 to 1982. The pasture was reclaimed from native grassland. The mixed seeds of 17kgs' Dactylis glomerata, 7kgs' festuca arundinacea, 2kgs' Lolium multiflorum and 2kgs' Trifolium repens were showed per 1 ha. The results of this study are the following: 1. The seasonal changes of Cirsium japanicum : its length, weight, density and coverage are heighest in autumm, and are lowest in spring every year. 2. The yearly change in the length of Cirsium japonicum : its length is gradually increased from 39.89cm in the first year after the reclaimation to 50.42cm in the sixth year. This change can be represented by the regression equation, y=0.03x²+2.28x+35.62. 3. The yearly change in its density : its density is rapidly increased from 0.08% in the first year to 0.29% in the sixth year. The results of this change can be obtained with the regression equation, y=0.01X²-0.02X+0.15. 4. The yearly change in the coverage : its coverage is increased year by year from 0.54% in the first year to 3.01% in the sixth year. This change can be calculated with regression equation, y=0.16X²+0.02X+0.38. 5. The yearly change in its weight : the weight is also increased year after year from 2.40kg in the first year after reclaimation to 11.37kg in the sixth year. This change can be calculated with the regression equation of y=0.08X²+1.25X+1.07.

질소분시가 청예피의 생육특성 , 수량 및 조성분 함량에 미치는 영향

조남기,강영길,부창훈 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.2

This study was conducted at a volcanic ash soil of Jeju island in 1999 to determine the optimum frequency of split N application for forage production of Japanese millet [Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) W. F. Wight]. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied with 200 ㎏ N/㏊, and frequencies of the split applications were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 times. A Jeju native cultivar of Japanese millet was planted at a rate of 30 ㎏ seed/㏊ on 31 May, and harvested on 6 September. Days to heading increased from 84 to 88 days as N was split-applied from one to five applications. Plant height increased from 152 to 188 cm as N was split-applied from one to three applications and then decreased to 156 cm in five applications. This pattern held for leaf length, leaf width, and stem diameter which were greatest in three applications with 42.4, 2.6, and 0.67 ㎝, respectively. Green leaf number was 10 regardless of the treatments. Dry matter (DM) yield increased from 6.96 to 11.99 MT/㏊, crude protein (CP) yield from 0.47 to 0.89 MT/ha, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield from 3.80 to 6.81 MT/㏊ as N was split-applied from one to three applications, and then decreased to 7.51, 0.63 and 4.43 MT/ha, respectively, in five split applications. Nitrogen uptake increased from 75.1 to 142.9 ㎏/㏊ as N was split-applied from one to three applications and then decreased to 101.3 ㎏/㏊ in five split applications. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 92.8 to 74.1 ㎏ DM/㎏ N with increasing split N application. Crude protein content increased from 6.7 to 8.4%, ether extract content from 5.7 to 6.1%, nitrogen free extract content from 30.7 to 34.7%, and TDN content from 48.0 to 53.0%, but crude ash content decreased from 10.2 to 8.0% and crude fiber from 38.9 to 35.5% as N was split-applied from one to five applications. These results indicate that the optimum frequency of split N applications is three times for forage production of Japanese millet in volcanic ash soils of Jeju island.

제주도에서 차풀의 파종기 이동에 따른 생육반응 수량 및 사료가치 변화

조남기,조영일,송창길,오은경,고지병 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.5

This study was conducted to determine the influence of seeding date on growth, characteristic yield and chemical composition of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame from March 11, 1998 to December 1998 in Cheju Province. Days to flowering were lessened as seeding date was delayed. The plant height of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was the longest when seeded on 31 March(99㎝) than at the other seeding date. When seeded before 31 March, stem diameter, number of leaves increased as seeding date was late, while number of branches remained constant. And numbers of withering leaves were increased as seeding date was earlier. Fresh forage yield per ha, for Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was the greatest (46.60MT) at 31 March seeding, the second was 43.97 MT at 10 April seeding and the reduced the 34.73MT at 11 March seeding. Also dry matter yield, crude protein yield and total digestible nutrient(TDN) yield per ha was nearly the same tendency. Crude protein, crude fat percent were the greatest at 31 March seeding and than decreased with further increased at seeding date. Crude ash and crude fiber percent tended to decrease as seeding date was delayed. Nitrogen free extract (NFE) and TDN percent tended to increase as seeding date was delayed.

黃龍江産 魚類의 目錄과 分布

曺南基,崔榮福,金永坤 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1979 自然科學硏究 Vol.2 No.1

The list of freshwater fishes and their distribution from the Hwangryong river was studied from March 1977 to August 1978. The results abtained are: 1. Total species of fishes from the Hwangryong river have not been in any other previous papeir and collected species are 42 species, 32 genera, 14 families, 7 orders by the authors. 2. Distributed species in the Hwangryong river are about 28% of the species of freshwater fishes in Korea. 3. Reported species in the questionaire are 39 species. 4. Endemic species of Korea in the Hwangryong river are 8 species, and they are able to be exploited as enjoyable fishes or fish farming. Endemic species are as fallows; Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Acheilognathus yamatsutae, Acanthorhodeus gracilis, Pseudo-perilampus uyekii, Microphysogobioyyalusesis, Microphysogobio longidorsalis, Pseudobagrus sp., Liobagrus mediadiposalis. 5. The dominant species in the Hwangryongriver were known as Zacco platypus and rare species were Gobius similis and Hypothalmitchys molitrix. 6. Entosphenus japonicus habitates in the rivers flowing towards the southwest as well as towards the southeast. 7. The adaptability of the habitat of Hypopthalmicthys molitrix in the Hwangryong river will be surbeyed and protected. 8. Besides, the protective water areas for the endemic species and rare species is required.