소의 다두분만에 관한 연구 1 . 소의 조기임신진단 방법에 관한 연구

정영채,김창근 ( Yung Chai Chung,Chang Keun Kim ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Objectives of this study were to (1) determine the progesterone and oestradiol levels in peripheral plasma daring the estrous cycle in dairy and Korean native cows by radio-immunoassay and (2) apply it to early diagnosis of pregnancy and to hormonal infertility control. Jugular venous blood plasma of 21 dairy and 8 Korean native cows were sampled 11 times each cow at intervals of 2∼4 days from day 11 proestrus to day 25 postestrus and stored at -20℃ until prepared for assay. 1. The levels of progesterone during the estrous cycle in non-pregnant cows began to decline rapidly 5 days before estrus, remained below 1.2ng/㎖ for 1∼2 days before and after estrus, and increased thereafter from day 5 after estrus to a peak of 5∼6ng/㎖ on day 11 to 15. The levels during the luteal phase(day 2 to 15) in dairy cows were 19% higher than those of Korean native cows. 2. The changes in progesterone level of the pregnant cows were similar patterns to those of non-pregnant cows up to 12 days after estrus, but high levels were maintained until day 25 of pregnancy without differences of levels in two breeds. The progesterone levels from day 17 to 25 of pregnancy were about 4∼5 times higher than those of non-pregnant. 3. In changes of oestradiol, non-pregnant cows showed a sharp peak of 12.3∼13.5pg/㎖ at 1∼3 days before estrus and a small ranges of 3.0∼4.5pg/㎖ during the luteal phase of the cycle. The oestradiol levels in pregnant cows approximated that during the luteal phase of non-pregnant, although a little higher than those of non-pregnant cows after day 14 of pregnancy. 4. The progesterone levels on day 24 to 25 of pregnancy averaged 5.93±2.01ng/㎖ ($gt; 5ng/㎖ in 72.7% of cows) in 11 pregnant cows and 1.23±1.21ng/㎖ ($lt;2.5ng/㎖ in 77.8% of cows) in 9 non-pregnant cows. Fused upon the levels 3.4 (non-pregnancy) and 3.9ng/㎖ (pregnancy) on day 24 to 25 after breeding, the average accuracy of forecasting pregnant and non-pregnant was 89.5%.

암흰쥐에서 합성 Gonadotrophin releasing hormone 의 투여가 혈청 Luteinizing hormone 의 수준 및 자궁중량에 미치는 영향

정영채,김창근,김형태,정영호,양광식 ( Yung Chai Chung,Chang Keun Kim,Hyung Tae Kim,Yung Ho Chung,Kwang Sik Yang ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) administration on serum LH level and uterine weight in mature female rats. The rats were given a intraperitoneal injection of synthetic GnRH at 1:00 PM of proestrus, and were sacrificed immediately after administration, at 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 7:00, 8:00 PM to investigate the changes of serum LH level and uterine weight. 1. In control group, the serum LH level increased from 4.35±0.84 mIU/㎖ at 1:00 PM to a preovulatory LH surge about 11.05±1.4 mIu/㎖ at 5:00 PM and then decreased gradually. The serum LH level in group treated with synthetic GnRH remarkably increased from 4.20±0.30 mIU/㎖ at 1:00 PM to a peak level, 13.17±0.17 mIU/㎖ at 2:00 PM, 1 hour after administration. The time required up to the preovulatory LH surge in treated group was shortened about 3 hours as compared to that of control group. 2. The weights of uterus in group treated with synthetic GnRH were slightly heavier than those of control group at 1, 2 and 3 hour after administration, but there were no significant differences between the control and treated group.

소의 다두분만에 관한 연구 2 . 우유의 Hormone 분석법에 의한 소의 조기임신진단에 관한 연구

정영채,김창근 ( Yung Chai Chung,Chang Keun Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.1

This experiment was carried out to determine the progesterone and oestradiol level in milk during the estrous cycle of dairy cows by radioimmunoassay and to apply it to early pregnancy diagnosis and control of infertility. Whole milk samples were collected at afternoon milking from 61 cows in the Korea-Germany Dairy Farm, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation in An-Seong. Nine cows were sampled 5 times at intervals of 5days during a single estrous cycle to establish the pattern of progesterone and oestradiol levels and 52 cows were sampled twice on day of estrus and day 23 to 26 after artificial insemination to diagnose the pregnancy and infertility. 1. The progesterone levels in milk during a single estrous cycle were the highest on day 15 with a mean of 3.2±0.4 ng/㎖ and were the lowest on day 0 and next estrus. The levels of progesterone on day 5 and day 10 Here found especially to be variable among individuals. There were no significant differences in progesterone levels between the length of estrous cycle. The oestradiol levels in milk were raised at the estrus with a mean of 34.5 to 37.0pg/㎖ and the levels of oestradiol during the luteal phase (day 5 to day 15) were not variable at level of 17.5 to 19.2pg/㎖. 2. The progesterone level, 4.2±0.5ng/㎖, of pregnant cows on day 23 to 26 after insemination was significantly higher than 1.6±0.9ng/㎖ of non-pregnant cows on same days. These levels in milk were significantly higher in pregnant cows that showed the first estrus within 51 to 80 days after calving and conceived within 60 to 90 days after calving and although there were no significant differences, the levels progesterone in milk were also higher in pregnant cows that showed the conception at the 1st insemination and was within the 3rd calving.

한국재래산양의 발정과 자양생산에 관한 연구

김창근,정영채 ( Chang Keun Kim,Yung Chai Chung ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study on the reproductive performance of Korean native goats in Gyeongnam and Chungnam area was carried out to clarify the monthly and seasonal distribution in estrus and- doe kidding, the kidding rate, age at 1st pregnancy and kidding interval. 1. About 85% of the total goats showed estrus were mainly observed between May and October during a year and 23.2%, 43.7%, 24.3% and 8.8% of the total goats showed estrus in spring, summer, fall and winter respectively. 2. About 80% of the total doe kidding were occurred between December and May of next year and seldom between August and October. Above 80% of the total doe kidding were occurred in autumn and winter seasons. 3 . The number of kids born at one time in 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd and over 4 th kidding was 1.52, 2.08, 2.27, and 2.23 respectively and overall mean was 1.87. The number of kids was significantly increased until 3rd kidding, but there was no significant difference between 3rd and over 4 th kidding, and among four seasons in these numbers. 4. The percentage of single, twin, triplet and quadruplet in does was 35.3%, 46.3%, 15.5% and 2.9% respectively and the percentage of multiple births was increased. with advancing kidding, number. 5. The age at 1st pregnancy and kidding interval in does was 8.0±2.7 months-old and 9.5±3.0 months.

숫 흰쥐에 있어서 거세및 Testosterone Propionate 투여가 체성장 및 내분비선 발육에 미치는 영향

정기연,정영채,김창근 ( Kie Youn Chung,Yung Chai Chung,Chang Keun Kim ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.1

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sex hormone treatment on body growth and endocrine glands development in immature rat. One hundred and twenty immature rats, 25 days old weighing 64±2.0㎎, were divided into two groups, control and castration, and divided again into treated and untreated group with testosterone propionate. Each group was composed of 30 rats. The body weight was measured weekly from the beginning of treatment to 63 days after treatment and for the changes in endocrine glands, the animals were sacrificed 7, 21, 35, 49 and 63 days after treatment respectively. The result obtained were as follows. 1. The changes in body weight during the experiment period were not appeared distinctly differences between two groups, although the control was higher than the treated groups. 2. The body lengths were not significant differences between treated-groups, but the body length increased with the similar patterns in all groups in the whole periods. 3. The hypophysis weight was appeared to significant differences from 35 days after treatment of testosterone propionate. Generally, the weight of castrated-group was distinctly heavier than that of uncastrated-group (P $lt; 0.0l). 4. The testis weight in uncastrated-groups was highly decreased in the. treated-rats than the untreated-rats and the differences between these groups were highly significant (P$lt;0.01). 5. The seminal vesicle weight of TP-treated rat in control group was the largest in 4 groups and the seminal vesicle was almost disappeared in non-treated rat of the castrated group. 6. The weight of adrenal gland of the non-TP in castrated group was increased distinctly at 49 and 63 days after treatment but no significant differences were recognized among the other three groups.

가임신 흰쥐에 있어서 자궁척출 및 Prostaglandin F2α 투여가 혈청 Progesterone 의 농도 및 황체에 미치는 영향

김형태,정영채,김창근 ( Hyung Tae Kim,Yung Chai Chung,Chang Keun Kim ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of hysterectomy and administration of PGF₂α on serum progesterone level and corpus luteum in pesudopregnant rats. PGF₂α administration or hysterectomy was performed at day S of pseudopregnancy. Five rats from each group were randomly sacrificed at day 5,6,7,8,9 and 12 of pseudopregnancy for assay of serum progesterone level and microscopic observation of ovary. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In both normal and hysterectomized groups, PGF₂α administration caused significant reduction in serum progesterone level to 24.2% and 30.8% at day 6 and to 11.3% and 34.3% at day 9 of pseudopregnancy as compared with pretreatment level. The serum progesterone level of hysterectomized group untreated with PGF₂α remained elevated until day 12 of pseudopregnancy as compared to those of other three groups. 2. The ovarian weights of control group treated with PGF₂α were significantly reduced as compared to those of other three groups at day 9 of pseudopregnancy (p$lt;0.05). 3. The number of corpus luteum in groups treated with PGF₂α was slightly reduced, but there were no significant difference between PGF₂α and non-PGF₂α treated groups at day 6,7,8,9 of pseudopregnancy. 4. The number of lutein cell in corpus luteum of PGF₂α treated groups on day 9 of pseudopregnancy was significantly lower than those of PGF₂α untreated groups (p$lt;0.05).

소 정자에 있어서 활성산소계가 정자 기능과 지방산화 및 DNA 절편화에 미치는 영향

류범용,정영채,김창근,신현아,한정호,방명걸,오선경,김석현,문신용,Ryu, Buom-Yong,Chung, Yung-Chai,Kim, Chang-Keun,Shin, Hyun-A,Han, Jung-Ho,Pang, Myung-Geol,Oh, Sun-Kyung,Kim, Seok-Hyun,Moon, Shin-Yong 대한생식의학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.29 No.2

Objective : To evaluate the effects of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated with a xanthine (X) and xanthine oxidase (XO) system on sperm function, the change of sperm characteristics, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation in bovine spermatozoa. Materials and Methods: ROS were produced using a combination of 1000 uM X and 50 mU/ml XO. The ROS scavengers: superoxide dismu tase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (500 U/ml) were also tested. Spermatozoa were incubated for 2 hours in BWW medium with a combination of X-XO supplemented with or without ROS scavengers at $37^{circ}C$ under 5% $CO_2$ incubator. Sperm movement characteristics by CASA (computer-aided sperm analysis), HOST (hypoosmotic swelling test), Caionophore induced acrosome reaction, malondialdehyde formation for the analysis of lipid peroxidation, the percentage of DNA fragmentation using the method of TdT-mediated nick end labelling (TUNEL) by flow cytometry were determined after 2 hours incubation. Results: The action of ROS on bovine spermatozoa resulted in a decreased in capacity for sperm motility, Ca-ionophore induced acrosome reaction and membrane integrity, an increased in malondialdehyde formation and the percentage of sperm with DNA fragmentation. In the effects of antioxidant, catalase completely alleviated the toxic effects induced by the ROS in terms of sperm function and characteristics, however SOD exhibited no capacity to reduce the toxic effects. Conclusion: The ROS can induce significant damages to sperm functions and characteristics. The useful ROS scavengers can minimized the defects of sperm function and various damages of spermatozoa.

소 미성숙 난포란의 체외성숙시 ${\beta}-Mercaptoethanol$의 첨가가 체외성숙, 체외수정 및 Glutathione 수준에 미치는 영향

오신애,김창근,정영채,방명걸,Oh, Shin-Ae,Kim, Chang-Keun,Chung, Yung-Chai,Pang, Myung-Geol 한국발생생물학회 2006 발생과 생식 Vol.10 No.4

본 연구는 소의 미성숙 난포란의 체외성숙시 ${\beta}-mercaptoethanol({\beta}-ME)$의 첨가가 체외성숙, 체외수정 후 웅성전핵의 형성 및 세포질 내의 GSH 수준에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 체외성숙시 $25\;{\mu}M$과 $50\;{\mu}M$의 ${\beta}-ME$를 첨가한 경우 대조구에 비하여 성숙율이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 모든 실험구에 있어서 12시간 체외성숙보다 24시간 체외성숙에서 높은 성숙율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 체외수정 후 웅성전핵 형성에 있어서는 $25\;{\mu}M$와 $50\;{\mu}M$ 농도의 ${\beta}-ME$ 첨가구에서 대조구에 비하여 높게 나타났으나(p<0.05), $25\;{\mu}M$과 $50\;{\mu}M$ 농도구와의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. GSH의 수준은 체외성숙 후 $50\;{\mu}M$의 ${\beta}-ME$ 첨가구가 다른 처리구에 비교하여 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 체외수정 후 웅성전핵이 형성된 다음 세포질 내 GSH 수준 역시 $50\;{\mu}M$의 ${\beta}-ME$ 첨가구에서 가장 높은 결과를 나타냈다(p<0.05). Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of beta-mercaptoethanol(${\beta}-ME$) supplements to the maturation medium on in vitro fertilization(IVF) and intracellular glutathione(GSH) concentration. Bovine cumulus-intact oocytes were matured in TCM-199 medium containing FBS, hormonal supplements, and ${\beta}-ME$(0, 25 and $50\;{\mu}M$) for 12h and 24 h. After culture, cumulus-free matured oocytes were co-incubated with frozen-thawed spermatozoa for 24h. Maturation rate increased(p<0.05) in ${\beta}-ME$ treatment group, but no significant differences among treatment groups. Also, increases(p<0.05) in intracellular GSH concentration before and after fertilization were observed in $50\;{\mu}M\;{\beta}-ME$ supplements to the maturation medium. Male pronuclear formations after IVF was increased(p<0.05) in ${\beta}-ME$ treatment group, but no significant difference among treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementing ${\beta}-ME$ into the maturation medium increased maturation rates, fertilization rates, and intracellular GSH concentrations.

인간정자에 있어서 정자처리법의 비교

방명걸,정구민,신창재,김정구,문신용,장윤석,이진용,이상훈,정영채,김창근,Pang, Myung-Geol,Chung, Ku-Min,Shin, Chang-Jae,Kim, Jung-Gu,Moon, Shin-Yong,Chang, Yoon-Seok,Lee, Jin-Yong,Lee, Sang-Hoon,Chung, Yung-Chai,Kim, Chang-Keun 대한생식의학회 1993 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.20 No.2

Procedures to separate motile. normal & motile and acrosome-reacted sperm with high efficiency have clinical application in Assisted Reproductive Technology in terms of increasing the probability of fertilization by a normal sperm and subsequent normal embryonic development. This study evaluated the effects of 10 sperm preparation techniques [Swim-up from a washed pellet (SU). Swim-up from semen (SO). Continuous Percoll Gradients I (PIC). Discontinuous Percoll Gradients I (PID). Continuous Percoll Gradients II(P II C). Discontinuous Percoll Gradients II(P II D), SpermPrep (SFC). Wang's tube (WT). Albumin Gradients (AG), Low temperature capacitation (LTC)] on motility (%), normal morphology (%), motile sperm recovery rate(%). morphologically normal & motile sperm recovery rate (%), true acrosome reaction (%) and fertilizing ability. A P II D proved to be an effective means of separating morphologically normal & motile sperm. Our results indicated the P II D has advantages as compared with other methods in terms of recovery rate. enhancement of motility and normal morphology. And a LTC seems to be an effective means of enhancing the true acrosome reaction and fertilizing ability. These results suggest that the combined method of LTC and P II D for separation of morphologically normal & motile sperm and acrosome reacted sperm may be a useful procedure for intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization in the management of male factor infertility as well as for isolation of subpopulation of sperm for basic research.

rc유전자(실명 돌연변이) 가 수탉의 정소발달과 정자형성기능에 미치는 영향

정영채,김창근,Cheng,K.M. 中央大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 1999 遺傳工學硏究論集 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구는 상염체성 열성돌연변이 rc유전자가 수탉에서 성성숙전의 정소발달과 정사생산기능에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 시도되었다. 세유전자형에서 모두 양측 정소무게가 20주령 때 크게 증가되었다. 20주령 rc/rc의 정소무게는 다른 두유전자형보다 현저히 작았다. 12∼20주령사이의 T₄수준변화는 세유전자형에서 차이가 없었으며 18∼20주령에서 현저히 증가하였다. 그러나 rc/rc에서는 T₄의 상승시기가 정상보다 늦었다. 20주령때 세정관 직경이 rc/rc는 Rc+/rc와 같았으나 Rc+/Rc+보다는 현저히 작았다. 16∼20주령때 정소내 세정관 총길이는 rc/rc에서 Rc+/Rc+보다 현저히 짧았고 Rc+/Rc+와 Rc+/rc간에는 차이가 없었다. 16주령때 정자형성 Ⅲ기에 도달된 개체가 Rc+/Rc+와 rc/rc가 각각 80%와 20%였으며 20주령에서는 Rc+/Rc+와 Rc+/rc에서는 50%이상이 Ⅵ기에 도달되었으나 rc/rc에서는 전혀 없었다. rc/rc의 정소내 1일 정자생산은 Rc+/Rc+의 46%였다. 이상의 결과에서 rc유전자가 호모일 때 정소발달이 크게 지연되었으나 T₄생산에는 영향이 없었다. 또한 rc유전자의 작용이 정소에 직접 또는 간접 효과인지에 대해서는 분명하지 않았다. This study was undertaken to investigate the pleiotropic effects of rc gene, autosomal recessive mutation known to cause retinal degeneration and blindness on the testicular development during prepubertal period and daily sperm production in the cockerels. Paired testes weights in all three genotypes were significantly increased at 20 weeks of age. The testes weight of 20-wk-old rc/rc cockerels was significantly lighter than those of the other two genotypes. The changes in plasma T₄levels from 12 to 20 weeks of age did not differ between the three genotypes. The T₄levels greatly increased at 18th and 20th week, but the rc/rc males showed the delayed increase in T₄ levels compared to the normal males. At 20 weeks of age, the diameter of seminiferous tubules in the rc/rc males was similar to the Rc+/rc males, but significantly smaller than in the Rc+/Rc+ males. The total length of seminiferous tubule at 16 to 20 weeks of age was significantly shorter in the rc/rc than in the Rc+/Rc+ males, but was not different between the Rc+/Rc+ and Rc+/rc+ males. The proportion of males reached Stage Ⅲ of spermatogenesis at 16 weeks of age was 80% for the Rc+/Rc+and 20% for the rc/rc males. At 20 weeks of age, over 50% of the Rc+/Rc+ and Rc+/rc males reached Stage Ⅵ, but no males reached this stage were in the rc/rc males. Daily sperm production per testis of the rc/rc males attained 46% of the Rc+/Rc+ males. In conclusion, the rc gene, when homozygous, delayed the testicular development, but did not reduce T₄production. It was not clear whether the rc gent is acting directly or indirectly on the testes.