빈민가에서 문화유산의 거리로

장정아(Chang, Jung-A) 동북아시아문화학회 2013 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.36

연구논문 : “민간문화유산”에서 “위대한 중국의 문화유산”으로

장정아 ( Jung A Chang ) 한국문화인류학회 2008 韓國文化人類學 Vol.41 No.1

홍콩 로컬리티 : 지역 커뮤니티에 기반한 저항성의 모색

장정아(Chang, Jung-a) 중앙대학교 중앙사학연구소 2021 중앙사론 Vol.- No.54

In this article, I reveal the complexity of Hong Kong locality by focusing on resistance movements. The “people” (renmin) emerged as agents of resistance when the “Local Action” group attempted to preserve Starferry Pier in 2006, championing plurality, equality, and connectedness as the core of the “local.” This pier preservation movement arose out of the collective memory and cultural heritage boom exposing the contestation between Chineseness and Hongkongness. In step with the nationalistic project of the Chinese government, the Hong Kong government quickly seized control of the discourse and implementation of cultural heritage protection. The public began to assert that Hong Kong cultural heritage, at its core, had to relate to the everyday life of the “common people,” and a network forming among the heretofore unremarkable old and dilapidated shops in the Shamshuipo area began to garner attention. People discovered Hongkongness in the “trivial” products produced by these shops, provoking a debate among local residents to define the meaning of “made in Hong Kong” in the new era. In 2019, as government control tightened in the wake of the antiextradition bill movement, the US government declared Hong Kong no longer autonomous; deprived of special status, all products exported to the United States would have to be labelled “made in China.” Thus, Hong Kong faced the crisis of losing the “made in Hong Kong” label that had been such a symbol of Hong Kong pride. The controversy over the “made in Hong Kong” label revealed differing positions regarding Hong Kong’s economic and political autonomy and the contestation of Hong Kong locality. Rightist localism emerged in Hong Kong following the 2014 umbrella movement, driven by disappointed and despairing youth. Rightist localists continued to emphasize the “people”(renmin), but unlike the pier preservation movement, the “people” were characterized by exclusivity and closedness. Besides these rightist activists, other activists in the wake of the umbrella movement entered local communities and began the community movement. I show how community activists worked to overcome the dualistic opposition of Mainland China and Hong Kong. In the community movement, Hong Kong locality was not imagined as something fixed or essential but advanced as an important characteristic for resisting hegemony though plurality and the experiences of the common people. Furthermore, the community movement sought out an alternative to capitalist and political power as arbiters of Hong Kong locality, even criticizing monopoly capital and the economic system. I view this search for Hong Kong locality as resistance to homogenization, proposing that attention be paid to Hong Kong locality, which is constantly being reconstructed through serialization of conflicts and contradictions.

연구논문 : 홍콩의 법치와 식민주의: 식민과 토착의 뒤틀림

장정아 ( Jung A Chang ) 한국문화인류학회 2005 韓國文化人類學 Vol.38 No.1

우리의 기억, 우리의 도시 : 집단기억과 홍콩 정체성

장정아(Chang Jung-A) 동북아시아문화학회 2008 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.17

This paper focuses on Hong Kong's ""collective memory,"" a recent popular topic in Hong Kong, in terms of its background, development process, and implications. Driven by the demolition of the Star Ferry Pier in 2006 and the Queen's Pier in 2007, Hongkongers' interest in ""collective memory"" has evolved into a public movement for the conservation of cultural heritage. Criticizing the government's urban planning and cultural policy, Hongkongers have demanded the public's participation in the government's urban policy, fearing that the government is wiping out Hong Kong's memory and history by destroying urban spaces in order to eradicate ""indigenous identity"" of Hong Kong. In the process of searching for an identity, the Hong Kong people declare that Hong kong is no longer a ""borrowed place"" but ""our city with our collective memory,"" ushering in a new social movement led by a new generation. However, the controversy surrounding what ""collective memory"" Hongkongers share has yet to be settled. I suggest that an ""indigenous identity"" based on the city itself and the memory its residents cherish is emerging apart from the identity based on the opposition between mainland China and Hong Kong.

웹기반 PBL에서 튜터의 역할수행에 대한 사례연구

장정아 ( Jung A Chang ) 한국교육공학회 2005 교육공학연구 Vol.21 No.3

문제기반학습 실행을 위한 교수자 역할에 대한 이론적 탐색

장정아 ( Jung A Chang ) 경희대학교 교육발전연구원(구.교육문제연구소) 2005 慶熙大學校 敎育問題硏究所 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

중국 지식엘리트의 충원문화와 메커니즘

장정아(Chang Jung-a) 가천대학교 아시아문화연구소 2011 아시아문화연구 Vol.21 No.-

사회주의 중국에서 196-70년대 중반까지는 정치적 기준이 엘리트 충원의 유일한 기준이었으나, 개혁개방과 함께 엘리트 충원과 유동이 크게 다원화 되고 엘리트집단도 다양해졌다. 이 글은 기존 연구가 주로 정치엘리트를 대상으로 하다 보니 다양한 엘리트의 양상과 충원메커니즘에 대한 고찰이 부족하였다는 데 주목하여, 중국 지식엘리트에 초점을 맞춰 집단의 충원기제를 고찰하고 비제도적 충원문화로서 공간적 유동성과 네트워크에 대해 살펴보았다. 국립중앙연구원과 중국과학원의 원사(院士) 선발 메커니즘을 통해 지식엘리트 충원과정을 보면, 1949년 이후 정치적 기준이 강화되지만 이후 학술적ㆍ전문적 기준에 따라 제도화된 선발ㆍ충원체제를 갖추어나가고 있다. 또 지식엘리트 집단의 충원과 재생산에서 교육배경이 점점 중요해지고 있는데 이는 가족배경과 네트워크 등 다양한 요인들과의 복합적 관계 속에서 심층적으로 파악되어야 한다. 지식엘리트의 충원문화에는 제도적 요인 외에도 지역적 출신배경, 상호간의 네트워크와 같은 다양한 요인이 작용한다. 지식엘리트 집단 전체를 분석해볼 때 충원에 따른 공간적 유동성은 다른 집단보다 높지만 이런 유동성에는 어느 정도의 유형이 있었다. 또한 엘리트집단 내부의 결속과 교류를 통한 배타적 재생산에서 네트워크는 중요한 역할을 하는데, 지식엘리트 집단의 여론형성과 네트워크 구축에서 同仁간행물은 중요한 연결점이 되었다. 간행물을 중심으로 네트워크를 형성한 지식인집단의 특징에 대한 분석에서, 교육배경과 해외유학경험, 공통의 사회정치활동과 각종 조직ㆍ기관을 통해 지식엘리트들이 복잡하게 얽혀있으며 다른 분야의 엘리트들과 광범한 네트워크를 형성하였음을 볼 수 있었다. The Chinese power elites consisted of political and military elites in the 1960s and the mid-1970s, but elite recruitment and mobility has been diversified along with the reformation. This study focuses mainly on Chinese intellectual elite. The intellectual elite recruitment process was based on the academic selection mechanism of Academia Sinica and Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was initially based on academic criterion and became political since 1949. Then the effects of the academic criterion gradually became greater again. Since the reform, an institutionalized selection system has been established. The function of educational background is increasingly becoming crucial and elites in China recently form exclusive groups, which are likely to be transmitted along generations. The cultural aspect has been affected by a variety of factors besides the institutional dynamics. The regional mobility by recruitment is much higher than that of other groups, yet it takes certain forms rather than being unrestricted. Networks play an important role in through internal unity and mutual cooperation. Although the political elite remained in a key position, its impact has reduced. Thus, it is required to comprehensively examine various elite appearances and mutual relations, as publications have served as significant linking points in the network establishment of Chinese intellectual elites. The study examined the characteristics of intellectual groups that formed networks, focusing on a few of influential publications of the time.

중국 개혁의 성과와 과제: 중국적 특색의 새로운 길은 만들어지고 있는가 : 이현정 외 지음, 『개혁 중국: 변화와 지속』(한울, 2019)을 읽고

장정아(Jung-a Chang) 서울대학교 아시아연구소 2020 아시아리뷰 Vol.10 No.2

대학 교수자를 위한 강의자가진단도구 개발의 타당화 및 관련변인 분석

지은림(Chi Eunlim),장정아(Chang Jung-A) 한국교육평가학회 2006 교육평가연구 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 대학 교수자가 강의를 스스로 평가하고 성찰해볼 수 있는 기회를 제공하기 위해 강의자가진단도구를 개발하고, 도구의 타당화 및 관련 변인에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 한 대학에서 강의를 담당했던 116명의 교ㆍ강사를 대상으로 8개 배경변인 이외에 23개의 자가진단 문항을 필요도와 이행도별로 응답하도록 했다. 다국면 라쉬모형을 적용한 문항 적합도 분석에 의해 이행도에 있어서 한 개를 제외하고 문항들이 모두 타당하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 요인분석 결과는 문항을 구성하는 요인이 필요도와 이행도간에 차이가 발생한다는 것을 보여주었으며, 반응범주곡선을 이용하여 자가진단도구에서 5점 평정척도를 사용한 것이 적절하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 내적일관성 신뢰도분석 결과는 비교적 높은 신뢰도를 보여주었지만, 필요도에 비해 이행도는 낮은 수준을 보였다. 한편 자가진단 결과는 필요하다고 인식하는 것보다 실제 이행하는 수준이 낮게 나타났고, 자가진단 수준에 영향을 미치는 관련 변인으로는 필요도에 있어서 교수의 소속대학과 연령 및 강좌규모가 있었으며, 이행도에 있어서는 교수의 성별이 발견되었다. This paper develops and validates the self-diagnosis instrument and analyzes the related variables for university instruction to provide professors with the opportunities of self-reflecting their own teaching. The instrument was administered to 116 instructors in a university and consists of 23 items for the two parts of "necessity" and "implementation" respectively. Infit statistics computed by FACETS, which is developed based on many-facet Rasch model, show that items are generally valid for the self-diagnosis of instruction except the item of "scolding students". Factor analysis finds that four factors of instruction process, student management, learning management, instruction method construct self-diagnosis of instruction for "necessity", while five factors of instruction method, instruction performance, instruction content, student management, learning management for "implementation". Also, the examination of response category curves provided by FACETS confirms the validity of 5 point rating scale for the instrument. Meanwhile, the results of administering the instrument reveal that instructors" gender, major, and age and the size of class can influence the level of instruction. As a result, the self-diagnosis instrument developed for university instruction can be a valid tool for evaluating instruction and improve the quality of university instruction, but further research is required for making the diagnosis of ‘implementation’ more objective.