건강한 한국인 성인의 혈청 갑상선호르몬 참고치

장윤영,김창윤,황태윤,김경동,이채훈,Jang, Yoon-Young,Kim, Chang-Yoon,Hwang, Tae-Yoon,Kim, Kyung-Dong,Lee, Chae-Hoon 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.2

Objectives : This study was conducted to determine the reference interval of serum thyroid hormones(TSH, $FT_3$, $FT_4$) in healthy Korean adults. Methods : Health examination data from 1,591 healthy Korean adults who visited an university hospital were analyzed. Patients with specific health conditions capable of altering laboratory results were excluded from the study. Serum thyroid hormones were measured using IMMULITE 2000 (DPC, USA, 2002). Subjects were 18-65 years old; 911 were male, and 690 were female. Results : The arithmetic means of TSH, $FT_3$, and $FT_4$ values for male subjects were $1.28{\pm}1.84\;{\mu}IU/ml$, $3.23{\pm}0.57\;pg/ml$, and $1.42{\pm}0.22\;ng/dl$, respectively. In female subjects, the arithmetic means of TSH, FT3, and FT4 values were $1.49{\pm}2.08\;{\mu}IU/ml$, $3.08{\pm}0.54\;pg/ml$, and $1.29{\pm}0.24\;ng/dl$, respectively. The arithmetic mean $FT_4$ value for males decreased with age (p<0.01). The arithmetic mean $FT_3$ value for females increased with age (p<0.01). The arithmetic mean thyroid hormone values of all study subjects differed significantly based on season. The arithmetic mean of male $FT_4$ decreased with increasing BMI (p<0.01). The arithmetic mean of female $FT_3$ increased with increasing BMI (p<0.01). The reference intervals recommended by the IMMULITE 2000 manufacturer are $0.40-4.00\;{\mu}IU/ml$ for TSH, 1.80-4.20 pg/ml for $FT_3$, and 0.80-1.90 ng/dl for $FT_4$ (same values for both genders). Conclusions : There was a significant difference in the interval of thyroid hormones between males and females, but the reference interval of IMMULITE 2000 was not established by gender. There is a need to reestablish the reference interval for thyroid hormones in Korean healthy adults.

내압이 작용하는 직관과 엘보우 경계면에 존재하는 원주방향 관통균열의 새로운 소성영향함수

장윤영(Yoon-Young Jang),한태송(Tae-Song Han),정재욱(Jae-Uk Jeong),허남수(Nam-Su Huh) 대한기계학회 2015 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.신뢰성 No.-

농인의 삶에 관한 질적 연구: 소리 세계의 이방인에서 수화로 소통하는 소수 집단의 주체로 가능성 찾기

장윤영 ( Yoon Young Jang ),정호영 ( Ho Young Jung ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2010 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.11 No.4

본 연구는 농인들이 공통의 언어와 문화를 공유하면서 주체적으로 살 수 있는 존재라는 준거 틀 안에서 농인의 삶에 대한 통합적이고 문화적인 주제들을 기술함을 목적으로 하였다. 구체적인 연구 문제는 “농(청각장애)이라는 소수 집단의 일원으로 농인의 삶은 무엇인가?”이다. 포커스그룹인터뷰와 개별 농인에 대한 심층 인터뷰를 통해 자료를 수집하고, 수집된 자료에 있는 증거들에 의해 충분한 지지를 받는, 공통된 주제를 가진 작은 개념과 범주를 구분하는 반복적 과정을 통해 통합된 주제를 발전시켜나갔다. 농인 8명과 수화통역사 7명으로 구성된 총 15명의 연구 참여자로부터 수집된 자료의 분석 결과는 ‘소리세계의 이방인에서 수화로 소통하는 소수집단의 주체로 가능성 찾기’라는 공통적 주제로 수렴되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 농에 대한 비정상, 결핍, 병리적 관점에서 벗어나 그들의 역량을 발견하고 증진시키는 효과적인 사회복지적 개입에 대한 제언을 하였다. This study is to describe the comprehensive and cultural themes on the life of the deaf in the frame of sovereign beings by recognizing and sharing their common language and culture. The concrete research question Is ““wwhhaatt is the life of the deaf as a member of minority ggrroouupp??”” The data was gathered from focus group interviews and in-depth individual interviews with the deaf, and the cultural themes was developed by categorizing small concepts which had common themes. The cultural theme is finding the changeability ““ffrroomm the strangers in sound world to sovereign people as minority groups those who communicate with sign language language”” through analysis on data collected from research participants consisted of 15 members(the deafs 8, sign language interpreters 7). On this result basis, several practical implications were suggested for social work interventions aside from the pathological perspective by which the deaf have been shown to abnormal, deficit, low intellectual and so on.

천식 소아에서 혈청 vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta1과 YKL-40 증가의 임상적 의의

장윤영 ( Yoon Young Jang ),이현석 ( Hyun Seok Lee ),정지은 ( Ji Eun Jeong ),이은주 ( Eun Joo Lee ),홍석진 ( Suk Jin Hong ),박혜진 ( Hye Jin Park ),이계향 ( Kye Hyang Lee ),김우택 ( Wootaek Kim ),정혜리 ( Hai Lee Chung ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.3 No.6

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic airways. YKL-40, a chitinase-like protein, and clusterin have been reported to be biomarkers for severe asthma. We examined the serum levels of growth factors, YKL-40, and clusterin in children with acute asthma or stable asthma, and investigated their correlation with clinical findings and lung function parameters. Methods: Forty-one children (≥6 years of age) with asthma were enrolled, and 2 groups were defined: 23 patients admitted with acute asthma (acute asthma group) and 18 patients with stable asthma (stable asthma group). The serum levels of VEGF, TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, YKL-40, and clusterin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and assessed in relation to clinical manifestations and spirometric parameters. Fifteen age-matched controls were also studied. Results: The serum levels of VEGF, TGF-β1, and YKL-40 were significantly elevated in children with acute asthma compared to controls. The serum levels of VEGF and YKL-40 were higher in the stable asthma group than in controls. The serum levels of VEGF, TGF-β1, and YKL-40 were not different between the acute asthma and stable asthma groups. The serum VEGF levels in the acute asthma group correlated significantly with asthma severity. The serum TGF-β1 levels in stable asthma group showed a significant inverse correlation with (FEV1) forced expiratory volume in one second and FEF25% 75% (forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75 percent of expired vital capacity). Serum YKL-40 had no significant relationship with clinical manifestations and spirometric parameters. Conclusion: Our study suggests that increased serum levels of VEGF and YKL-40 might affect asthmatic airways not only during acute exacerbation but also in stable state and that serum TGF-β1 might be a biomarker for airway obstruction in children with asthma. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2015;3:417-424)

일반위탁아동 보호과정에서의 친부모 경험 연구: 아동의 위탁보호를 자발적으로 요청한 친부모를 중심으로

장윤영 ( Yoon Young Jang ),노혜련 ( He Len Noh ) 한국사회복지연구회 2012 사회복지연구 Vol.43 No.4

본 연구는 아동의 위탁보호 원인으로 인식되어 가정위탁보호과정에서 잘 알려지지 않았고 소외되어왔던 친부모를 가정위탁보호의 구성 주체라는 관점에 기초해, 친부모와 아동·위탁부모·사회복지사 간의 상호작용 경험을 심층적으로 탐구했다.``일반위탁아동의 친부모는 아동의 보호과정에서 어떤 경험을 하는가?``라는 연구 질문을 기초로, 일반위탁아동의 친부 모 10명과 심층 면접을 했고, Strauss와 Corbin(1998)이 제시한 근거이론 방법으로 자료를 분석했다. 연구결과를 요약하면 첫째, 사회복지사가 친부모에게 관심을 두고 소통하면서 협력할 때 친부모가 아동의 위탁보호과정에 더 잘 참여했고, 그 결과 아동의 친가정 복귀를 위한 자구 책 모색에 적극적이었다. 그러나 둘 간의 접촉이 부족한 경우 친부모는 아동의 위탁보호과 정에 거의 참여하지 않았고, 아동의 친가정 복귀를 위한 자구책 모색에도 소극적이었다. 둘 째, 친부모와 아동 간의 접촉이 정기적이고 지속적일 때, 두 사람 간에 친밀한 유대관계가 이루어져 아동의 친가정 복귀 가능성이 있었지만, 아동과 접촉이 부족한 경우 아동의 보호 기간이 연장되거나 친가정 복귀 가능성이 희박했다. 셋째, 친부모와 위탁부모 간에 소통이 있을 때 아동의 문제를 함께 의논하는 개방적인 협력관계를 형성할 수 있었고, 서로 접촉이 없거나 부족한 경우 아동의 보호와 관련된 협력 이 이루어지지 않았다. 넷째, 가정위탁보호 센터와 사회복지사가 친부모를 위한 서비스를 제공했을 때 아동의 친가정 복귀 가능성이 있었으나, 제공하지 않았을 때는 아동의 친가정 복귀 가능성이 희박했다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 친부모 지원과 아동의 친가정 복귀를 위한 정책과 실천을 제언했다 This study was conducted with the purpose of understanding the experience of birth parents of children in non-kinship foster care with a focus on exploring the interaction of birth parents with their children, foster parents and social workers. In order to answer the question "What kind of experiences do birth parents have during the foster care process of their children?," 10 birth parents who have had their children placed in foster care for at least a year were interviewed. Data was analysis using methods based on ground theory. The main study results were as follows. First, when social workers cared about birth parents and formed a cooperative relationship with them, birth parents participated more actively in their children`s foster care process, which further motivated them to work harder at making plans to reunite with their children. When interactions between social workers and birth parents were rare, however, birth parents did not participate in the foster care process of their children and were passive in exploring measures to reunite with their children. Second, when interactions between birth parents and children occurred regularly and continuously, a close relationship developed between the two and the reunification became a possibility. In contrast, when there was a lack of interaction between the two, either the foster care period was extended or the reunification became unlikely. Third, when there was an interaction between birth parents and foster parents, they could openly discuss and cooperate with each other in helping the children to deal with problems at hand. When interaction rarely occurred between the two, however, no cooperative relationship could be formed. Fourth, when social workers provided services to birth parents, the reunification became a possibility while it became a distant reality when no services were provided. Based on the study findings, implications for policies and social work practice with respect to birth parents and family reunification were discussed.

일반위탁가정 아동의 초기 생활 경험에 관한 연구 -장기위탁보호를 계약한 아동을 중심으로

장윤영 ( Yoon Young Jang ) 한국가족복지학회 2009 한국가족복지학 Vol.14 No.4

본 연구는 장기위탁보호를 계약한 일반위탁가정 아동의 초기 생활에 대한 연구로써, 아동의 안정적 적응과 지속화, 친가정 복귀 경험에 관하여 탐구하였다. 또한 본 연구의 목적은 위탁보호 초기 과정에서 위탁아동, 위탁부모와 친부모에게 효과적인 개입과 서비스 제공을 위한 기초 자료의 도출이다. 본 연구는 `장기위탁보호를 계약한 일반위탁가정 아동의 초기 생활 경험은 어떠한가?`라는 중심된 질문에 대한 세부적 고찰이며, 연구 참여자는 3년 이상의 장기위탁보호가 필요한 일반위탁보호아동 11명과 그 아동의 위탁부모 10명으로 총 21명이었다. 연구 참여자들을 심층 면접하여 수집된 자료는 Strauss와 Corbin(1998)이 제시한 개방 코딩, 축 코딩, 선택 코딩을 통해 최종적으로 177개의 개념과 36개의 범주, 127개의 상위범주를 도출하였다. 또한 범주들에 대한 이론적 모델과 과정을 분석한 후 유형별 특성을 밝혔다. 본 연구에서 고찰한 장기위탁아동의 초기 생활 경험은 위탁아동이 위탁부모를 포함한 위탁가정 구성원과의 상호작용을 통한 적응 과정이었다. 이 과정에서 아동은 위탁부모의 역할, 위탁가정 친자녀와 관계, 위탁가정 구성원과의 공감대 형성, 아동의 문제행동, 친가정과의 관계라는 요인들에 따라 보호의 안정적 적응과 지속성, 친가정 복귀 여부가 달라졌다. 마지막으로 이러한 결과에 대한 논의를 중심으로 실천과 정책, 연구에서의 제언을 하였다. This study found factors influencing the stable adaptation, persistence in foster home, and return to birth parents by exploring the initial life experiences of children in long-term foster care. The aim of this study was to obtain basic data for effective interventions, and service developments to children in foster care, foster parents, and the birth family. The participants of this study were 21 persons (10 foster parents and 11 children) who had been part of long-term foster care for more than3 years. The collected data were conducted in the procedure of clarifying characteristics as per types, analyzing structure, and categorizing the concepts through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding by grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin, 1990). As a result, 177 concepts, 36 sub-categories, and 12 categories were induced in the course of classifying and integrating these sub-categories. The factors influencing the initial experiences of children in long-term foster care were as follows: "positive role of foster parents," "breakdown and overcome of foster parents," "interaction of children and foster home," "relationship between children and the foster parents` children," and "low contact with birth parents." Therefore, the main goals of foster care must be to set stability, successiveness of foster care services, and reunification with birth family according to the above factors.

소아의 호흡기세포융합바이러스 하기도 감염에서 총 혈청 IgE의 의의

장윤영 ( Yoon Young Jang ),이현석 ( Hyun Seok Lee ),정지은 ( Ji Eun Jeong ),홍석진 ( Suk Jin Hong ),박혜진 ( Hye Jin Park ),이계향 ( Kye Hyang Lee ),김우택 ( Wootaek Kim ),정혜리 ( Hai Lee Chung ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2016 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.4 No.2

Purpose: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is known to induce Th2 immune response with increased IgE production. We investigated serum IgE levels in RSV bronchiolitis/pneumonia (RSV-LRI) in relation to disease severity. Methods: One hundred seven children admitted with RSV-LRI were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to serum IgE levels: the high IgE (n=39, more than 2 standard deviations from the mean levels for age-matched controls) and low IgE groups (n=68). We investigated if there were any differences in clinical and laboratory findings, and recurrence of wheezing between the 2 groups. The difference in IgE levels between severe (severity score≥3) and nonsevere groups was also studied. Results: More frequent and prolonged fever was observed in the high IgE group than in the low IgE group (P<0.05). Patients showing severe symptoms or respiratory difficulties were more frequently seen in the high IgE group (P=0.01). There was no difference in parental allergy and atopic sensitization. The nearly same findings were observed in reanalysis of data from patients with the first RSV-LRI, but recurrence of wheezing was significantly higher in the high IgE group than in the low IgE group (P=0.04). Patients with high IgE levels were more frequently seen in severe patients than in nonsevere patients (P=0.01). Conclusion: Our study showed that children who presented with high serum IgE levels during RSV infections had more severe symptoms compared to those with low IgE levels. It suggests that measurement of total serum IgE levels might be helpful in evaluating disease severity and recurrent wheezing in children admitted with RSV-LRI. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2016;4:126-132)

실험 : 신생 흰쥐의 산소유발성 망막증에서 항세포사멸사를 통한 Minocycline의 망막 보호효과

장윤영 ( Yoon Young Jang ),서억수 ( Eok Soo Suh ),김우택 ( Woo Taek Kim ) 대한주산의학회 2010 大韓周産醫學會雜誌 Vol.21 No.1

목적: 미숙아망막병증은 고농도 산소 투여를 받은 미숙아에서 망막에 비정상적인 신생혈관이 생기는 경우로 근래는 적절한 산소 농도 조절로 많이 감소했다가 최근 다시 신생아학 발달로 미숙아 생존이 높아짐으로 증가하고 있다. 신생혈관은 육아 조직을 동반하여 유리체 내로 들어가 섬유조직으로 변하면서 망막을 견인하여 망막을 박리하며, 심한 경우 시력이 완전 소실된다. 주요 선행인자로 미성숙과 산소치료, 산혈증, 고이산화탄소혈증, 수혈, 비타민 E 결핍, 빛 등이 알려져 있으며, 혈관 미성숙의 정도, 산소투여기간 및 산소농도 등이 매우 중요하게 작용하고 있다. 이에 연구자는 신생 흰쥐을 이용하여 생체 내·외 산소유발성 망막병증을 유발하고, 미숙아망막증의 항세포사멸사 기전을 통한 minocycline 의 망막 보호 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 생체내 산소유발성 망막증은 생후 1일째의 신생 흰쥐를 생후 2주까지 24시간 주기로 고산소와 정상산소(산소분압 80%와 21%) 환경에 교대로 노출시킨 후(H군, HM군) 정상산소 환경으로 옮겨 사육하였고, 대조군(N군)은 정상산소 환경에서 사육하였다. Minocycline (HM군) 약물을 1주일간씩 투여하였고 생후 3주째 동물을 희생시켜 망막내 신경세포들의 형태학적 변화는 H&E 염색법을 이용하여 전자현미경으로 살펴보았다. 생체외 산소유발성 망막증은 재태기간 0-2일된 신생 흰쥐의 망막세포를 추출하여 정상산소군(N군)은 5% 이산화탄소 배양기에 두고, 고산소군(H군)과 minocycline(HM군) 약물을 투여한 군은 5% 이산화탄소 배양기내 100% 산소 용기에 두어 산소에 의한 망막세포 손상을 유발하였다. 동물모델 및 세포배양 모두 세포사멸사와 관련된 Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 항체 및 primer를 이용하여 Western blotting과 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응을 시행하였다. 결과: 산소유발성 망막증의 생체내·외 실험에서 Western blotting 및 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응을 실시한 결과로 Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3의 발현은 고산소군보다 minocycline을 투여한 군에서 Bcl-2는 증가, Bax 및 caspase-3는 감소하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 minocycline은 항세포사멸사 기전을 통하여 미숙아망막병증에서 나타나는 비정상적인 혈관 신생을 보호하는 것을 알 수 있었다. Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness with retinal detachment due to oxygen toxicity in preterm infants. Recently advances in neonatal care had to led improved survival rates in premature infants and ROP re-emerged as a significant clinical problem. In the present study, we aimed to determine the protective abilities of minocycline in a animal model of ROP and a primary retinal cell cultures of neonatal rat via anti-apoptotic actions using Western blotting and real-time PCR with Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 antibodies and mRNAs. Methods: In the in vivo oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), the cyclic hyperoxia was performed that 80% O2 for 1 day and 21% O2 for 1 day from P1-14 of newborn rats. Minocycline was injected intravitreously for 7 days and sacrificed at P21. In the in vitro OIR, primary retinal cell culture was done using P0-P2 SD rats. Hyperoxia injury was done for 100% O2 exposure for 6 hours. Western blotting and real-time PCR using Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 antibody and primer were done in the rat model of ROP and the dispersed retinal cell culture. To identify photoreceptors of retinal cells the immunofluorescence assay photoreceptor marker, IRBP, was used. Results: In the in vivo OIR, the expression of Bcl-2 antibody and mRNA was increased and those of Bax and caspase-3 were reduced in the minocycline-treated group. In the in vitro OIR, the result was the same as above. Conclusion: In conclusion, minocycline was suggested to have retinal protective effects for hyperoxic injury via anti-apoptotic mechanism.

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