Shock時 血管內皮 連結部(endothelial junction)의 鍍銀法에 依한 觀察

任周 中央醫學社 1963 中央醫學 Vol.5 No.2

On the existence of intercellular cement substance there are diverse reports, but on the fact that endothelial junction is a main site of accerelated permeability caused by vasoactive substances such as histamine and 5HT many authors seem to agree. Kim classified the experimentally induced shock into 3 groups by their attitude of blood coagulation; 1st group(anaphylactic shock, cow serum shock)which was accompanied with blood clotting defect, 2nd group(insuline shock, traumatic shock)which induced the shortening of blood clotting, and 3rd group(histamine shock, acetylcholine shock)whick did not show any changes of blood clotting time. Nam and Chong investigated the delaying mechanism of the above mentioned 1st group shock. The former confirmed that in the shocked rabbit marked and prompt decrease of prothrombin occured in circulating blood accompanying increase of thoracic fluid which contained profusely concentrated prothrombin, and also that in the blockaged rabbit the infusion of cow serum could not induce any changes of blood clotting. However it is generally accepted there are three different types of mechanism in anaphylactic shock of animals, they are; canine type, rabbit type, and guinea pig type. And Chong presumed the possibility of the different clotting defect mechanism in anaphylactic shock and she elucidated that in case of anaphylactic-shocked rabbits the accerelated peiineability of endothelia was the main cause of blood clotting defect, but in case of shocked dogs the increase of anticoagulants of the circulating blood was the chief cause, According to Nam, the blockage of the R. E. system with collargol inhibited the decrease of prothrombin even in case of the cow serum shock. From these investigations by Nam and Chong arose the following question; that is, why does the blockage of the R. E. system inhibit the accerelation of permeability. Because it is generally accepted that ordinal capillary endothelial junction is the main site of permeability. On the other hand Heu reported that collargol infusion caused marked decrease of lipids in adrenal cortex ensuing ly-mphocytolysis of . splenic follicle. Fron those results, author intended to clarify the above facts by comparing the behavior of endothelial junction of normal .rabbits with shocked rabbits caused by various agents or with rabbits blockaged with collargol or P.V.P. and then infused with cow serum respectively. Materials and Methods : Male rabbits weighing about 2kg. were used. As shock agents, histamine (Abott Lab.) 0.3mg. /kg. B.W. , I. V. , acetylcholine(Daiichi P. Co.) 15.Omg. /kg. B.W. , I.M. and fresh cow serum 5.0 ml. /kg. B.W. , I.V. were injected slowly. Anaphylactic shock was induced with egg albumin (sensitizing doses: 1.0% sol. 2.0 ml. /kg. B.W. , every other day for 5 times; inducing dose: 5.0% sol. 0.5m1. /kg. B.W.). As blocking agents, collargol(Bayer) 0.5 % sol. 5.0m1./kg. B.W. every other day " for 5 times and P.V.P. (Bayer) 10.Oml. /kg. B.W. every other day for 3 times were used. Cortisone acetate(Merk) 12.5 mg. /kg. B. W. was also used. The determination of blood clotting time and hematocrit were done by Lee and White's method and by Wintrobe'smethod. The observation of endothelial junction was done by the silver-impregnation method. The Resuhlts : 1. Endothelial junctions of aorta and vena cave from anaphylactic shocked or cow serum-shocked rabbits were widened to 2 or 3 times and these changes were apparent in most parts of the whole junction of one endothelial cell, and in there cases, marked blood clotting defect and hemoconcentration were seen. 2. The systemic infusion of histamine or acetylcholine induced no changes of endothelial junction and blood clotting time. 3. In rabbits blockaged with collargol and then infused with cow serum neither change of endot helial junction nor clotting defect were induced, nevertheless in rabbits blockaged with P. V. P. and then infused with cow serum marked widening of endothelial function accompanied by moderate clotting defect and hemoconcentration was arisen. 4. In cortisone-pretreated rabbits there appeared no changes in endothelial junction and blood clotting time on the occasion of the infusion of cow serum.

『떼루엘의 연인들』: 전통으로의 회귀인가 탈 전통주의인가

임주인 서울대학교 라틴아메리카연구소 2022 이베로아메리카硏究 Vol.33 No.1

떼루엘의 전설을 토대로 한 황금세기 희곡 『연인들: 비극 Los amantes: Tragedia』과 후기 낭만주의 희곡 『떼루엘의 연인들 Los amantes de Teruel』 두 작품이 어떻게 테루엘 연인의전설을 각 시대의 가치관과 시대정신에 맞게 각색하고 있는지를 살펴본다. 그 결과 황금세기 작품『연인들』에서는 명예의 규범에 비추어볼 때, 세구라와 마르시야의 사랑이 자칫 가부장적 사회체제와 질서를 위협할 불안요소가 될 수 있었다. 그래서 이러한 위협을 없애기 위해서 기독교 사회의약자인 모리스꼬와 당시 가부장체제 내의 약자였던 여성을 희생양으로 삼는다. 지라르의 희생제의(ritesacrificielle)의 선상에 놓고 볼 때, 모리스꼬의 추방으로 위협 받던 경제 악화와 불안 앞에서, 마르시야와 세구라의 죽음은 중세 순혈주의의 전통을 지키고자 했던 구기독교도들의 희생양이었고, 르네상스의 인문주의적 가치관에 눈을 뜨기 시작하면서 흔들리던 가부장적 사회질서를 제자리로 돌려놓으려는 시도에서 비롯된 희생제의로 보아야 한다. 한편, 낭만주의 시기의 작품인 『떼루엘의 연인들』에서는 낭만주의 작가들의 가치관을 반영하여 떼루엘 연인의 전설을 황금세기 ‘명예극’에서 나오는 명예의 코드를 거부하는 전통적 가치관과의 단절로 해석해볼 수 있고 동시에 사랑의 변심으로 상처받은 영혼에 대한 속죄와 구원의 반영으로 분석해볼 수 있다.

문화,문학 : 『돈키호테』에 나타난 모리스꼬의 정체성을 중심으로

임주인 ( Ju In Lim ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2015 비교문화연구 Vol.38 No.-

This article is concerned about a reason for which Cervantes participates an arabic author named Benengeli and morisco translator in his work instead of christian author. From the multi-cultural point of view, the time in which Don Qujote was published, belongs to the Golden Age. In other words, the society can not be supported by the ideology of Purity of Blood in that the morisco, converso (Christian Jewish) have been permitted to coexist in the name of christian proselyte or New Christian despite of invisible discrimination. An invisible discrimination is based on the prejudice and negative stereotype of Old Christian against the New Christian. Cervantes offers an o open space for readers to participate in the creative reading, giving up the absolute authority of author named Benengeli. The deep-rooted prejudice against morisco or muslim author makes the readers of Don Quijote do reinterpret the contents and have question about his sincerity. This disbelief is partly on the basis of hypothesis that Don Quijote would be passed on orally by an arabic or morisco. Leaving the hypothesis alone, Romance, festival performances of morisco or the aljamia literature in the Iberian Peninsula have the chivalry or knights of the Occident. The chivalry in Romance of morisco means that morisco would seek assimilation into the mainstream of Occidental Christian community. At the same time, morisco would be faced with the dilemma of loss of religious identity. But Taqiyya, islamic doctrine, offsets the dilemma between yearning to assimilate into mainstream and religious conscience of morisco in that Taqiyya permits morisco to convert to Christianity in case that they are in danger of life or the following risk. From this point of view, There is no room for doubt about the fact that Taqiyya contributed to social assimilation or multicultural society of the Iberian Peninsula. It has been a long time since a narrow-minded religious dogma and ideology became a anachronistic relic in multicultural society of Spain such as the Purity of Blood. From a relative viewpoint, Don Quijote provides a ground for the collective intelligence among christian, muslim(morisco) and converso through a liberal community between readers and authors who form a pluralistic society.

『국민 일화집』에 나타난 영웅주의의 탈신화화

임주인 한국스페인어문학회 2004 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.33

La ironi´a de heroi´somo deformado de Episodios nacionales funciona como mecanismo intencionado para la totalidad de llenar la quebraja entre el individuo y la sociedad, lo ideal y lo real, y yo objetivo y yo subjetivo. Debido a que Luka´cs considera la novela como un producto presentado en frente de la crisis de la pe´rdida de la visio´n del valor cristiano, el mecanismo intencionado del novelista tiene relactio´n con la ausencia de Dios. Al contrarion, Galdo´s se basa en el ideal krausista. Desde el punto de vista krausista, Galdo´s aspira a la historia popular a base del Humanismo arraigado tanto en la conciencia nacional de a base del Humanismo arraigado tando en la conciencia nacional de los pueblos espan~oles y como en el genuino espi´ritu colectivo de un pueblo, mientras Luka´cs busca el Humanismo nuevo a trave´s de la revolucio´n de los pueblos estimulados por el heroi´smo, para superar el li´mite de la democracia burguesa. En las obras "Zaragoza" y "El 19 de marzo y el 2 de mayo" denuncia Galdo´s el lado negativo debido tanto a la intolerancia como a el egoi´smo de la historia espan~ola del siglo ⅩⅠⅩ a trave´s de la desmitificacio´n del heroi´smo. A la vez, el novelista abre el camino hacia lo futuro a trave´s de la historia popular entendido como palimpsesto persinificao por Efe´mera, despertando la idea de que todo lo que hay se hace por todos, y de que el verdadero sujeto de la Historia no es el he´roe, sino el pueblo entero. Esta visio´n histo´rica se relaciona con la angustia de Unamuno que busca la identidad ingenua y eterna de Espan~a no en los grandes acontecimientos sino en los detalles diarios llenos de la voz popular y de la emocio´n del pueblo. Desde este puento de vista, la identidad de Espan~a llamada "el ser interna de historia" de Galdo´s deberi´a de ser origen de la intrahistoria.

『누만시아』에 나타난 반 서사시적 특성

임주인 ( Ju In Lim ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2008 지중해지역연구 Vol.10 No.3

En este articulo, intento analizar La Numancia en relacion con la situacion historica de Espana, cuando Cervantes dramatizo la batalla de Numancia. La batalla de Numancia es famoso por la pasion de resistencia y el valor herotico. Por eso, los espanoles ponen enfasis en el herotismo mostrado en la batalla de Numancia y lo respetan en la epoca de declinacion. En La Numancia, aparecen los caracteres que personifican como Espana y Fama. A traves de esos caracteres, Cervantes pronostica la historia espanol desde la batalla de Numancia. hasta Siglo de Oro. Se ha predecido la historia del imperialismo de Espana incluso la victoria de los godos sobre los romanos, la Reconquista de los Reyes Catolicos, la hegemonia del Mediterraneo Occidental y la colonizacion de America Latina. Entonces, ¿por que intenta introducir la historia imperialista en comparacion con la batalla entre los numancianos y los romanos? Al poner enfasis en el punto de vista historico y literario de Americo Castro, en el que Cervantes ha soportado las voces de los marginados como los judeos y los moriscos ante la politica imperialista, se puede analizar la predicion desde el punto de vista anti-epico o antiheroe. Comparando con la novela Zaragoza de Galdos, intento buscar la vision historica a base del humanismo de Cervantes ante el patriotismo cristiano iberico.

『무모한 호기심』에 나타난 바로크적 세상보기

임주인 한국스페인어문학회 2007 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.44

Se trata de mostrar cómo plasmaciones emparentadas de un mismo tema se diferencian en relación con el género utilizado por el escritor y las convenciones de este género en una época y un país determinados, aquí el Siglo de Oro español. El estudio consta de cuatro partes en torno a una mirada sobre los enfoques de las dos obras del siglo XVII más particularmente estudiadas, es decir la novela de El curioso impertienente inserta en el Quijote y la comedia de Guillén de Castro de mismo título; una crítica desde el punto de vista patriarcal de adultería de mujeres en Novelas desengaños amorosos de María de Zayas; un examen de las diferencias debidas al género en su definición más amplia; un análisis de la evolución del tema en relación con las convenciones históricas-las del siglo XVII- de la novela y de la comedia que se trata del honor; una transición desde el teatro hacia la realidad en cuanto a la teoría del teatro dentro del teatro. Este estudio parece desempeñar un papel indiscutible de descubrir los cambios de perspectiva ligados al lector y al espectador relacionado con la escritura barroca.

스페인 문학 작품에 나타난 동굴의 모티브 -기독교적 요소와 이교도적 요소의 공존과 변용-

임주인 한국스페인어문학회 2013 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.66

반유대주의 정서의 극복: 본딩(bonding)에서 브리징(bridging)의 공존으로

임주인 고려대학교 스페인 라틴아메리카 연구소 2019 스페인라틴아메리카연구 Vol.12 No.2

With the resurgence of modern nationalism, Europe being obsessed with the anti-Arab and Arab hatred that has continued since the Middle Ages, is trying to repeat the history of the madness of self-centered nationalism without straying from the borders of Arab/non-Arab, Muslim/non-European, and non-European. As a result of modern nationalism, European society was divided into four- quarters, and all kinds of propaganda were prevalent, and the truth could only be obtained by the violence that preceded the war. Earlier, we looked at how active Catalonia people were in accepting Jewish refugees, and to see that their cultural and economic levels were superior to those in Spain. From this perspective, Catalonia’s true independence is not a selfish idea of self-nationalism, but rather a separation from a distorted stereotype that seeks to distinguish between themselves and others, such as anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, and pure blood custom. This self-centered thinking is far from the nationalist ideology demanded by the era of globalization. Putnam said that it is possible to harmonize interests only by having organizational power that is associated with other peoples and disparate communities that transcend collectivism, which is no exception for the nation. Sephardi, expelled from The Iberian Peninsula’s Christians, has since been five years old, and the success of the Sephardi descendants of Sephardi’s spanish nationality is a positive effect on Catalonia’s policy of embracing Jewish refugees. 이번 연구에서는 문학 작품에 나타난 개종유대인에 관한 이전의 연구를 바탕으로 중세 카탈루냐 출신의 개종유대인 작가와 내전 이후, 바르셀로나 출신 망명 작가의 작품에서 나타난 스페인 거주 유대인(개종유대인)과 카탈루냐인의 정체성을 비교분석해보고자 한다. 이를 위해 스페인 내전을 전후해서 독일과 그리스 및 러시아 등지에 만연해있던 반유대주의 정서의 원인과 양상을 살펴볼 것이다. 이번 연구에서는 스페인 내전과 프랑코 독재라는 역사적 사실과, 문학적 허구 두 분야를 융합시켜 텍스트 분석에 진정성을 보태고자 한다. 반유대주의 정서가 생겨나게 된 원인을 찾아보고, 파시스트들이 주장하는 피의 순수성의 경직성이 갖는 폐해를 스페인 내전 소설 속에서 찾고자 한다. 마지막으로 세파르디의 중세 스페인 언어와 문화전파의 예를 통해 유대인의 상호관계성을 중시하는 개방적인 민족주의의 면면을 확인하고 카탈루냐의 유대인 난민 수용과 공존이 초래한 스페인 중세 문화의 보존과 변용의 긍정적인 효과를 살펴보고자 한다. 그리하여 유대인과 카탈루냐인의 혁신적이고 미래지향적인 정체성 속에 담겨있는 브리징의 의미를 유럽의 난민수용의 한 선례로 제시하고자 한다.

췌장암 환자의 보조요법의 항암 치료제 결정을 위한 접근

임주한 ( Joo Han Lim ) 대한내과학회 2020 대한내과학회지 Vol.95 No.5

Pancreatic cancer generally has a dismal prognosis, with a 5-year overall survival rate of approximately 10%. At present, surgical resection is the only treatment with a curative aim; however, it is applicable to only 15-20% patients with pancreatic cancer at the time of diagnosis and the median survival following treatment with surgery alone is only 11-20 months. Many trials have shown that adjuvant chemotherapy offers improved outcomes over observation following surgical resection. Recently, modified folinic acid-fluorouracil-irinotecan-oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) treatment following surgical resection in patients with good performance status has shown an impressive 9-month increase in disease-free survival. However, patients included in the study were selected based on a narrow set of criteria, and adverse events during adjuvant chemotherapy remain a limitation. In this article, we review some key trials of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for pancreatic cancer and discuss future perspectives including neoadjuvant treatment approaches. (Korean J Med 2020;95:315-319)

유럽 이웃 정책에 따른 스페인-아랍권 간 교류 및 협력

임주인 한국스페인어문학회 2011 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.60

La Política de Vecindad es el enfoque de la Unión Europea hacia sus nuevas fronteras geográficas tras la ampliación. Este nuevo enfoque tiene un carácter global y pretende integrar las políticas exteriores de la UE con sus diferentes vecinos bajo una estrategia común. En este artículo, se trata de hacer análisis el rumbo de la política de vecindad para Europa, cuyo objetivo es desarrollar una política de transporte nacional, incluyendo el desarrollo de infraestructuras, integrar gradualmente dentro del mercado de la electricidad de la UE y en la regulación de las comunicaciones electrónicas, promover una gestión medioambiental y mejorar los sistemas educativos. Hoy dia, cuando la inversión para unos nuevos proyectos de energía renovable en Oriente Medio y en el Norte de Africa se ha aumentado a pesar de crisis global económico de España. Sin embargo, es difícil mantenerse las inversions en energías renovables durante una crisis debido a la falta de estabilidad política, el escaso apoyo financiero, la ausencia de normativas que regulen este tipo de producción energética. No obstante, hay que tener en cuenta los graves problemas de contaminación del medio ambiente a los que afrontan los países árabes. Es decir, lo que se demanda es reforma profunda de su sistema económico, acompañdo de la transición democrática, que reforzará la integración de red de negocios para el Mediterráneo en la economía mundial.