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한우에 있어서 주간 분만유기에 대한 야간 사료급여의 영향
임석기,연성흠,나승환,강수원,박준철,김현섭,정연후 ( S . K . Im,S . H . Yeon,S . H . Na,S . W . Kang,J . C . Park,H . S . Kim,Y . H . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.3
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of evening feeding to pregnant cows(Hanwoo) on calving time during a day. The investigation revealed that feeding at 17:00∼21:00 resulted in 79.8% of the cows calving between 06:00∼21:00, whereas the tradional 08:00∼09:00 and 17:00v18:00 feeding resulted in 59.3% of them calving during the time period (P$lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in the calving time, parity, feed intakes, calving days, and sex ratios between the two feeding practices.
한우에 있어서 발정주기중 혈중 Progesterone 및 Insulin - like Growth Factor-I 농도의 변화
성환후,우제석,임석기,고응규,백광수,박진기,구용범,이장형 ( H . H . Seong,J . S . Woo,S . K . Im,Y . G . Ko,K . S . Baek,J . K . Park,Y . B . Koo,J . H . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.3
The objective of this study was to determine changes in circulating progesterone and insulinlike growth factor-I(IGF-I) concentrations during estrous cycles in Hanwoo. The serum progesterone and IGF-I concentrations during the estrous cycles in the apparently healthy normal cycles and freemartins of 670 days old were measured with a commercial Radio Immuno Assay(RIA) kit. Serum progesterone concentration was low from Day 1 to 3(about 0.25ng/㎖) and then increased gradually to 9.3ng/㎖ by Day 17, and decreased dramatically by Day 21 of the estrous cycle. However, serum progesterone concentration of freemartins was almost undetectable during the same periods of normal Hanwoo. Serum IGF-I concentrations from Day 3 to 16 of normal estrous cycle were higher than those of early luteal stage( Day 1∼2) and luteal regression stage (Day 19∼20). The lowest serum IGF-I concentration was observed on Day 21. In the freemartin of Hanwoo, serum IGF-I concentrations were 1/4 of those in the normal cycles. It is suggested that the serum progesterone concentration is closely related to the serum IGF-I concentration in Hanwoo.
정희태(H . T . Cheong),임석기(S . K . Im),이준희(J . H . Lee),박춘근(C . K . Park),양부근(B . K . Yang),김정익(C . I . Kim) 한국축산학회 1996 한국축산학회지 Vol.38 No.6
This study was conducted to examine the possibility of cell cycle synchronized nuclear transfer and the effect of the early cell cycle stage of donor embryo on the development of nuclear transplant bovine embryos. Donor embryos were treated with nocodazole, then monitored their nuclear phase and cleavage after release from the nocodazole treatment. Blastomeres cleaved within 3 hr and noncleaved ones were transferred into enucleated oocytes. Some nuclear transplant embryos were fixed to investigate their chromatin structures. Comparatively high proportions(56.0-58.6%) of blastomeres arrested at mitotic phase(M-phase) were obtained following treatments with 0.5∼1.0㎍/㎖ of nocodazole for 16 hr. Cleavage rates of blastomeres within 3 hr after release from nocodazole treatment were average 64%(188/294). After nuclear transfer, 13%(11/85) of embryos were developed to blastocysts following transplantation of blastomeres within 1.5 hr post cleavage(hpc), but 7%(5/74) and 5%(3/63) were developed to blastocysts following transplantation of blastomeres at 3 hpc and noncleaved ones. About 40% of 1.5 hpc nuclear transplant embryos have a single chromatin clump, whereas only 25.0% of 3.0 hpc nuclear transplant eanbryos have a single chromatin clump and the rest have 2 or multi chromatin clumps. From the result of this study, it was suggested that the developmental potential of nuclear transfer bovine embryos may be enhanced with transfer of early cell cycle stage blastomeres immediately after cleavage. It was also suggested that the cell cycle synchronization of bovine embryonic cells at GI phase is very difficult.
임석기,강수원,손용석 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.5
A series of experiments were carried out to determine the milk production potential and milk composition as well as physico-chemical properties in Korean cattle depending on an effective milking method. Total 620 milk samples were collected bi-weekly for 6 months post-partum from one hundred and two nursing cow-calf pairs on test for 5 year period. The $quot;machine milking while suckling$quot; method, which had been developed and eventually proved to be easiest and most effective in the experiments testing various milking methods, was adopted throughout 180 days of lactation. In this method each cow was milked by a portable vaccum-operated bucket milker on 24-hour shifts at two teats of one udder while the other two teats were being suckled simultaneously by her calf. The average daily and total 180-day yield of dams were 3.49 and 627.5㎏ , respectively, although considerable individual variations in daily production existed ranging from 1.60 to 6.20㎏ . The average daily yield measured at 30 day intervals for the first six months after calving were 4.73, 4.34, 3.70, 3.21, 2.73 and 2.20㎏ , respectively. In general, the peak lactation was attained about 10th day after calving with its average coming up to 5.l㎏ . The milk production decreased thereafter by 0.017㎏ per day throughout the rest of the lactation, exhibiting a quite linear decline with the gradient of 4.94% every 10 day period. The physico-chemical properties such as specific gravity, pH and acidity of total milk samples were about 1.035, 6.68 and 0.215, respectively. The concentrations of butter fat, protein, lactose, ash, total solids and solids-not-fat were 4.69, 4.10, 4.23, 0.85, 13.86 and 9.18%, respectively. It is concluded that this new method, that is the machine milking while suckling, may be a usefull milking methods for estimating dam's milk yield and measuring physico-chemical properities as well as for illuminating milk composition of Hanwoo. There is a wide difference in individual milk performance. If a cows of full capacity in milk production and composition is sellected by the utilization of this method and the foundation of mating system for improvement of Hanwoo is established, it may be greatly decreaed the production cost of Hanwoa calf.
가을송아지 거세한우의 육성기 방목 및 농후사료 급여수준이 성장 및 도체특성에 미치는 효과
임석기,우제석,강수원,손용석,정종원 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.5
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pasture grazing and concentrate feeding levels for 6 months of growing steps in autumn born Hanwoo steers. Feeding trial was conducted with 3 treatment groups which were T1(full feeding of concentrate and hay for 18 months) and T2(pasture grazing with 1.5% of apparent body weight in concentrate for 6 months and concentrate full feeding for pre-and post-pasture grazing), T3(1.5% of apparent body weight and full feeding in concentrate at pre-and post-grazing period, respectively). During the over-all period, average daily gains increased higher in the order of T2, T3 and T1. TDN intakes required per unit of kilogram-gain were 7.922 to 8.695㎏(average 8.347㎏) and decreased in the order of T2. T1 and T3. Dressed carcass and retailed cut percentage was 61.1 to 63.7%(average 62.1%) and 62.4 to 66.1%(average 64.5%1, respectively, with significantly difference(P$lt;0.05) and the former were increased in the order of T1, T2 T2 and T3 but the latter were decreased in the order of T2, T3 and T1. Appearant rate of 1st grade or more in meat quality was 62.5 to 87.5%(average 75%) and increased in the order T1. T2 and T3. Back-fat thickness and marbling score was 7.0 to 10.5㎜(average 8.4㎜) and 4.5 to 5.2(average 4.8), respectively. and the former was higher in the order of T1, T2 and T3 but the latter was higher in the order of T1, T3 and T2. In chemical composition of beef. the percentage of moisture, protein, fat and ash were 64.8 to 67.6%(average 66.6%). 18.9 to 20.1%(average 19.6%). 10.1 to 14.4%(average 11.6%), 0.88 to 0.94% (average 0.92%), respectively. In addition. the rate of moisture. protein, ash were higher but fat was lower in T2 and T3 than in T1. Income was higher in T2 and T3 than in T1, and income of T2 was increased by 29 percent in comparison to T1. According to the above results it may be concluded that autumn born Hanwoo steers have to raised from the coming spring to autumn on the rotational grazing pasture with 1.5% of apparent body weight in concentrate. Thereafter it is necessary to increase the concentrate by up to full feeding level for about l2 months to produce high quality of meat and increase income.
농후사료 급여수준 및 방목이 추계분만 한우 암송아지의 성장발육, 사료이용성 및 번식능력에 미치는 효과
강수원,임석기,정종원,장선식,전기준 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.6
Present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the level of concentrates and pasture grazing in 36 autumn born Hanwoo heifers(initial body weight, 119.7 ± 25.6㎏) for 426d including 195d for a pasture stage. The animals were fed commercial concentrates at a rate of 0.5%(T1), 1.0%(T2), 1.5%(T3) and 2.0%9T4) of body weight, respectively, for pre- and post-pasture. 1. Mean daily gains by treatments were 0.348, 0.403, 0.450 and 0.501㎏ for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, indicating that increases in concentrates intake was associated with the daily gain of grazing Hanwoo heifers. However, the mean daily gain was the highest for T2 during the pasture stage. 2. TDN intakes per 1㎏ gain were, on average, 8.61㎏ for the entire experimental period and 9.22㎏ for the pasture stage, respectively. In addition, the rate of roughage to concentrate during the entire experimental period was 49.6 to 68.2%(mean 58.5%). 3. Age reached 225 and 250㎏ of body weight was, on an average, 15.1mo. and 17.6mo., respectively, indicating that increasing the level of concentrates feeding9by 0.5% of body weight) reduced the first pregnancy by 0.9 mo. Ages and body weight for first service were 19.5mo. and 272.2㎏, respectively. Mean pregnant rate of total heads was approximately 52.8%, but appeared to 66.6% for T3 and T4. Therefore, it may be concluded that the optimum level of concentrates for autumn born Hanwoo heifers is 1.8% of body weight for indoor feeding on rice straw-based diet and 1.5% of body weight for a pasture stage, respectively.