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복부 초음파에서 탐촉자 선택에 따른 표재성질환 영상에 관한 고찰
이홍수 대한초음파의료영상학회 2010 대한초음파의료영상학회지 Vol.1 No.1
초음파 진단은 검사자의 주관적인 요소가 병변 판단에 상당히 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 정확한 판단을 위해서는 환자에 대한 해부학적 구조는 물론 상기 질병과 초음파 물리를 잘 이해하고 있어야 한다. 초음파 진단에서 탐촉자 주파수 선택은 투과력 해상력은 반비례 관계이므로 주로 심부는 볼록형 탐촉자를 이용하고, 표재성 부위는 고주파 영역의 선형 탐촉자를 이용하여 확인하는 것이 중요하다. 상복부초음파(Abdomeral ultrasound) 영상에서 병변을 놓치기 쉬운 표재성부위의 다중반사에 의한 담석(G.B stone), 담낭폴립(G.B polyp), 간혈관종(hepatic hemangioma), 그리고 간낭종(hepatic cyst) 병변을 Convex Transducer와 linear Transducer 스캔한 다음 다시 depth 줄이고 Convex Transducer로 스캔한 동영상을 이용하여 초음파를 배우는 초심자들에게 병변의 유무를 판정 하도록 하고 영상에 대한 만족도를 조사하였다. 담석(G.B stone), 담낭용종(G.B polyp), 간혈관종(hepatic hemangioma), 간낭종(hepatic cyst) 동영상을 30명 판독시킨 결과, 볼록형 탐촉자의 판정은 담낭의 담석(100%), 간혈관종 간낭종(93.3), 담낭용종(70%), 간혈관종, 간낭종 (93.3%)과 같고 선형 탐촉자는 모두 정확하게 판정하였다. 선형탐촉자의 만족도에서 담낭용종(93.7%) 간혈관종(86.7%) 간낭종(83.3%) 담낭담석 (46.7%) 순으로 조사되었다. 위의 조사결과는 표재성 부위의 병변의 경우 convex 탐촉자 보다 linear 탐촉자 고주파 영상에서 더 좋은 결과를 보였다. 초음파 진단에 있어서 정상조직 영상에 대한 해부학적 지식과 영상판독 및 초음파 물리와 스캔 훈련이 얼마나 중요한 지를 잘 보여준다.
이홍수 한국음악교육학회 1992 음악교육연구 Vol.11 No.-
School music programs must be of such quality as to enable every student to develop their aesthetic potential to its highest possible level in developing musical understanding, in gaining sufficient proficiency in singing and in playing instrument, and in establishing the valuation of music. Among those programs, the general music should encompass the development of musical competencies which have broad application to the enrichment of living as one of the most important objectives. Therefore, the objectives of general music programs should include knowledge of musical compositions and styles, acquaintance with musical patterns, and understanding of how music is composed, performed, and interpreted. The objectives should cover such necessary skills in singing and playing instruments and listening as music reading and improvisation. Music program also has to define the standard of musical taste, attitudes toward music and musician: and musical learning. The general music program is conducted in segments, year by year and class by class. Each level and phase of the program rightfully fulfills a unique function in relation to the entire program. Therefore, a well-planned sequence and a natural division of musical activity are a necessity; the instruction must be clearly outlined and yet remain inherently flexible. The principles of general music teaching plan are given below : 1. Musical experiences should selected on the basis of the teaching objectives suggested in the curriculum. 2. Methods of teaching music should be selected in relation to nature of music as an expressive art. Teaching musical techniques, notation, history, or theory outside a musical and expressive context is never justified. 3. Musical experiences should be planned in a natural series and the plan must be divided into relaxed forms of activity. And the structure must be flexible in order to adjust to the different needs and capacities of the students. 4. Singing, Playing, listening, and rhythmic and creative activities should be actually merged into one comprehensive activity to promote over-all musical growth and to provide general experience with a wide variety of music. 5. Students attitudes toward are learned. Those can be achieved by heeding the musical interests of pupils, emphasizing success in music learning, and by doing the best possibe job of teaching musical skills, knowledge, understanding, and appreciation.