데이터마이닝 기법을 이용한 효율적인 DRG 확인심사대상건 검색방법

이중규,조민우,박기동,이무송,이상일,김창엽,김용익,홍두호,Lee, Jung-Kyu,Jo, Min-Woo,Park, Ki-Dong,Lee, Moo-Song,Lee, Sang-Il,Kim, Chang-Yup,Kim, Yong-Ik,Hong, Du-Ho 대한예방의학회 2003 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.36 No.2

Objectives : To develop a Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) fraud candidate detection method, using data mining techniques, and to examine the efficiency of the developed method. Methods ; The Study included 79,790 DRGs and their related claims of 8 disease groups (Lens procedures, with or without, vitrectomy, tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy only, appendectomy, Cesarean section, vaginal delivery, anal and/or perianal procedures, inguinal and/or femoral hernia procedures, uterine and/or adnexa procedures for nonmalignancy), which were examined manually during a 32 months period. To construct an optimal prediction model, 38 variables were applied, and the correction rate and lift value of 3 models (decision tree, logistic regression, neural network) compared. The analyses were peformed separately by disease group. Results : The correction rates of the developed method, using data mining techniques, were 15.4 to 81.9%, according to disease groups, with an overall correction rate of 60.7%. The lift values were 1.9 to 7.3 according to disease groups, with an overall lift value of 4.1. Conclusions : The above findings suggested that the applying of data mining techniques is necessary to improve the efficiency of DRG fraud candidate detection.

국민건강면접조사를 이용한 한국인의 DALE (Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy)에 관한 연구

이중규,도영경,윤석준,김창엽,김용익,신영수,권영훈,Lee, Jung-Kyu,Do, Young-Kyung,Yoon, Seok-Jun,Kim, Chang-Yup,Kim, Yong-Ik,Shin, Young-Soo,Kwon, Young-Hoon 대한예방의학회 2002 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.35 No.4

Objectives : To measure DALE (Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy) in Korea to find out how long Koreans live in a state of full heath. Methods : DALE was calculated using the life table of 1999 and the disability prevalence from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which was conducted with a sample of 13,523 households in 1998. The disability prevalence was measured using the annual prevalence of the long-term limitation of activities, which were divided into classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 according to the severity of the limitation. The disability weights were measured for each 6 class by conducting a survey of 16 healthcare professionals. The severity-adjusted disability prevalence was calculated by multiplying the disability prevalence of each class by the disability weights respectively. Healthy life years lost due to disability was calculated by multiplying the life expectancy by the severity-adjusted disability prevalence. Finally DALE was measured as the life expectancy minus healthy life years lost due to disability. Results : DALE for 1999, which refers to the expectation of equivalent years of good health, were 72.5, 69.5 and 75.3 years, for total, for males and for females, respectively. The percentages for DALE out of the life expectancy were 95.8, 96.6 and 94.4% for total, for males and for females, respectively. Conclusions : DALE is a newly developed indicator, which could effectively show the healthy life expectancy of populations. A greater notice and use of DALE would be expected as life expectancies increase and the quality of life changes in Korea.

Properties of PVDF and PMMA Blends Films Prepared by Thermal Casting

이중규,김성훈,강호천,박상호,Lee, Jung-Gyu,Kim, Seong-Hun,Kang, Ho-Chun,Park, Sang-Ho The Korean Fiber Society 2010 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.47 No.5

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blended films were optimized by changing the PMMA concentration in PVDF/PMMA blends for use as protective sheets for photo-voltage cells and modules. Films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends were prepared by thermal extrude casting. The rheological properties, chemical structure, crystalline behavior, thermal, morphology, optical properties and contact angle of the PVDF/PMMA blend films were examined by RDS, FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, SEM and color spectrometry. The PVDF/PMMA blend containing 30 wt.% PMMA showed good performance for potential applications as the protective sheet in photo-voltage cells and modules. The ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ crystalline phases in the films decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing PMMA content. The shear viscosities increased with increasing PMMA content. The melt temperature ($T_m$) and crystalline temperature ($T_c$) of the blends decreased with increasing PMMA content.

어피 펩타이드 리포좀 대량생산 최적 조건 및 저장 안정성

이중규 ( Junggyu Lee ),이윤정 ( Yunjung Lee ),백정정 ( Jingjing Bai ),김수진 ( Soojin Kim ),조영재 ( Youngjae Cho ),최미정 ( Mi-jung Cho ) 한국산업식품공학회 2017 산업 식품공학 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구에서는 lab scale 용량으로 100 mL, 1 L 단위로 리포좀을 제조하였으며, prototype scale로서 10 L 단위로 blank 리포좀의 제조한 뒤 입자 크기 및 포집 효율을 측정하여 최적 제조 조건 선정하였다. 선정한 최적조건으로 어피 펩타이드를 리포좀으로 포집하여 그에 따른 저장 안정성을 평가하였다. 1차 균질 조건은 초고속균질기를 사용하여 3분간 각각 4,000 rpm, 8,000 rpm, 12,000 rpm으로 균질하였으며, 2차 균질 조건은 초음파균질기를 이용하여 각각 40W, 60W, 80W로 3분간 균질하여 최적 균질 조건을 확립한 뒤 어피 펩타이드 리포좀을 농도에 따라 제조하여 4℃에서 냉장 저장하였다. 최적 제조 조건 실험 결과를 two-way ANOVA로 분석한 결과 1, 2차 균질에서는 제조용량이 입자크기와 제타 전위에 유의적으로 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤으며(p< 0.001), pdI는 2차 균질 조건에서 제조용량을 제외하고는 어떤 요인도 유의적으로 영향을 미치지 못하였다(p >0.05). 1차 균질 실험 결과 lab scale에서 prototype scale로 제조 용량이 증가하였을 때, 유의적으로 입자크기가 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 가장 입자크기가 작고 제타전위의 절대값이 높은 4,000 rpm을 최적조건으로 선정하였다. 2차 균질 실험결과 40W에서 제조 용량이 증가하였을 때 유의적으로 제타전위가 감소하였으며, 60 W 이상에서는 안정적인 결과가 나타났다. 리포좀의 산업적 적용을 고려할 때 공정비용 감소 측면에서 80W보다 60W가 적절하다고 사료된다. 선정된 리포좀 최적 조건으로 농도(3, 6, 12, 24%) 별로 어피 펩타이드를 포집하였을 때, 24%에서 입자크기가 1 mm 이상으로 크게 나타났다. 이후 저장실험에서는 24%를 제외한 3가지 조건으로 진행하였다. 1달간 어피 펩타이드 리포좀을 냉장 저장한 결과를 two-way ANOVA로 분석한 결과, 펩타이드 농도에 따라 제조하였을 때는 입자 크기와 제타 전위가 제조용량보다 펩타이드 농도에 더 큰 영향을 받았다. 또한 저장기간은 pdI에 유의적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 입자크기는 제조용량과 펩타이드 농도가 증가함에 따라서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 저장기간에 따라서 감소하였다. 제타전위는 10 L 용량에서 저장기간에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 리포좀이 풀리면서 비표면적이 증가하여 제타전위가 증가한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 12%에서 3주차부터 침전물층이 형성되는 것이 관찰되어 6%가 가장 산업적용으로 적합한 농도로 사료된다. Fish skin peptide-loaded liposomes were prepared in 100 mL and 1 L solution as lab scales, and 10 L solution as a prototype scale. The particle size and zeta potential were measured to determine the optimal conditions for the production of fish skin peptide-loaded liposome. The liposome was manufactured by the following conditions: (1) primary homogenization at 4,000 rpm, 8,000 rpm, and 12,000 rpm for 3 minutes; (2) secondary homogenization at 40 watt (W), 60 W, and 80 W for 3 minutes. From this experimental design, the optimal conditions of homogenization were selected as 4,000 rpm and 60 W. For the next step, fish peptides were prepared as the concentrations of 3, 6, and 12% at the optimum manufacturing conditions of liposome and stored at 4℃. Particle size, polydispersion index (pdI), and zeta potential of peptide-loaded liposome were measured for its stability. Particle size increased significantly as manufacture scale and peptide concentration increased, and decreased over storage time. The zeta potential results increased as storage time increased at 10 L scale. In addition, 12% peptide showed the formation of a sediment layer after 3 weeks, and 6% peptide was considered to be the most suitable for industrial application.

치수, 치주인대 및 치낭에서 얻어진 성체줄기세포의 조골세포로의 분화능력 평가에 관한 연구

이중규(Joong-Kyou Lee),이재훈(Jae-Hoon Lee) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2010 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.36 No.1

Complex human tissues harbor stem cells and precursor cells, which are responsible for tissue development or repair. Recently, dental tissues such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament (PDL), dental follicle have been identified as easily accessible sources of undifferentiated cells. These tissues contain mesenchymal stem cells that can be differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat or muscle by exposing them to specific growth conditions. In this study, the authors procured the stem cell from pulp, PDL, and dental follicle and differentiate them into osteoblast and examine the bone induction capacity. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC), periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC), and dental follicle precursor cell (DFPC) were obtained from human 3rd molar and cultured. Each cell was analyzed for presence of stem cell by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACs) against CD44, CD105 and CD34, CD45. Each stem cell was cultured, expanded and grown in an osteogenic culture medium to allow formation of a layer of extracellular bone matrix. Osteogenic pathway was checked by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test and RT-PCR for ALP and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression. According to results from FACs, mesenchymal stem cell existed in pulp, PDL, and dental follicle. As culturing with bone differentiation medium, stem cells were differentiated to osteoblast like cell. Compare with stem cell from pulp, PDL and dental follicle-originated stem cell has more osteogenic effect and it was assumed that the character of donor cell was able to affect on differential potency of stem cell. From this article, we are able to verify the pulp, PDL, and dental follicle from extracted tooth, and these can be a source of osteoblast and stem cell for tissue engineering.

악간고정과 교합 상이 호흡기능에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

이중규(Joong-Kyou Lee),김경욱(Kyung-Wook Kim),이재훈(Jae-Hoon Lee) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2002 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint are routine procedure for maxillofacial fracture and orthognathic surgery. When these methods could obstruct oral airway the patients who kept intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint in their mouth, are very difficult to breath after surgery. Nasal bleeding and pharyngeal edema due to nasotracheal intubation, residual effect of muscle relaxants, and anesthetic agent could be contributing factor of airway obstruction. In this study, pulmonary function test was evaluated before and after intermaxillary fixation, and intermaxillary fixation with occusal splint in 22 volunteers. The results were as follows 1. FVC, %FVC, FEV1, FEV1%, PEF, PEF50, MVV without intermaxillary fixtion were 4.45L, 88%, 4.03L, 90.9%, 10.26L/s, 5.53L/s, and 136.14L/min, and with intermaxillary fixation were 3.51L, 68.67%, 3.06L, 69.39L, 6.52L/s, 3.94L/s, and 69.39L/min. The results with intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint were 2.15L, 42.41%, 1.71L, 38.81%, 2.83L/s, 1.74L/s, and 37.14L/min. 2. Compared with before and after intermaxillary fixation, all values of pulmonary function test were decreased and after intermaxillary fixation and intermaixillary fixation with occulasal splint, the results were decreased. 3. MVV and PEF were decreased significantly with interaxillary fixtion and occusal splint, and FVC was less decreased. It meant that intermaxillary fixation and occluasal splint induced reduction of respiratory flow significantly, but less reduction of respiratory volume. 4. Intermaxillary fixation and occulsal splint induced increase of airway resistance, decrease of expiratory volume and air flow. So severe respiratory difficulty could be seen to all volunteers who kept intermaxillary fixtion and occusal splint. 5. In classification of respiratory difficulty, intermaxillary fixation with occulsal splint induced complex respiratory difficulty more than intermaxillary fixation only did. From the above results, doctors who care patients kept intermaxillary fixation and occusal splint should be aware of respiratory depression caused by these treatment.

열처리 방법에 따른 표고버섯의 이화학적 특성 및 영양학적 분석

이중규(Jung-Gyu Lee),김광일(Kwang-Il Kim),황인국(In-Guk Hwang),유선미(Seon-Mi Yoo),민상기(Sang-Gi Min),최미정(Mi-Jung Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.44 No.6

본 연구는 열수 침지, 증기 및 볶음 처리가 표고버섯에 미치는 이화학적 분석 및 영양성분 분석을 통해 최적 열처리 조건을 확립하고자 진행하였다. 소비자들이 상품을 평가할 때 1차적으로 먼저 관찰되는 색도와 경도를 측정하고 추가로 pH 측정 등으로 인한 이화학적 결과로 최적 조건을 선정한 뒤에 그 조건들에 대해서 영양학적 및 미생물 검사를 실시하였다. 색도는 열처리 시간이 길어질수록 색의 변색 정도가 증가하여 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. pH 값은 열수 침지 처리의 경우 pH 증가량이 가장 높았으며 처리 시간이 지속될수록 pH가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 다른 처리군의 경우 일정 시간의 처리 시간 이후에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 경도에서는 열수 침지와 볶음 처리의 경우 1분 이내의 열처리만으로도 경도가 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 증기처리의 경우 1분 동안 경도가 유지되는 결과를 보였다. 일반성분 분석 결과는 증기 처리가 가장 원물에 가까운 결과를 나타냈다. 유기산 함량은 증기 처리에서 유기산 함량 감소율이 가장 낮았다. 또한 3분간 증기 처리를 하였을 때 미생물의 사멸 효과가 가장 높았다. 열수 침지 처리나 볶음 처리의 경우 전체적으로 증기 처리한 시료에 비해서 영양성분 함량이 줄어드는 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 표고버섯을 증기 처리방법으로 열처리하는 것이 다른 열처리군에 비해서 최적으로 나타났다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 물리화학 및 영양학적 성분의 변화만을 분석하였기 때문에 실제 식품 산업이나 공정에 적용하기 위해서는 대용량 처리 시에 발생하는 문제들과 관련된 추가적인 연구를 필요로 할 것이다. In the food industry, thermal treatment is an important process for extending shelf-life of foods. However, heating process affects the physicochemical, nutritional, and microbial properties of foodstuff such as color, texture, pH, and proximate compositions. This study was conducted to select an optimal thermal treatment by observing physicochemical, nutritional, and microbial effects of shiitake mushrooms with different thermal treatment methods. Shiitake mushrooms were washed and sliced equally (5 cm×0.5 cm×0.5 cm) and then heat-treated by three methods. Samples were heated in 100°C boiling water, steamed for 10 min, or pan fried at 130°C for 4 min. Total color difference values showed significantly increasing tendency with treatment time. For pH values, boiling water-treated mushrooms showed increasing tendency according to increased thermal treatment. For the results of hardness, boiling water or pan frying-treated mushrooms showed reduced tendency within 1 min. In the case of steam-treated mushrooms, hardness values were maintained for 1 min. Organic acid contents of steam-treated sample showed the lowest value among treatments. For microbial counts, steam-treated samples for 3 min showed the lowest value. Consequently, the results of this study suggest that steam treatment could be the optimal thermal treatment to minimize quality loss of shiitake mushrooms.

PET 필름의 이축연신에 따른 물성변화 연구

이중규(Jung Gyu Lee),박상호(Sang Ho Park),김성훈(Seong Hun Kim) 한국고분자학회 2010 폴리머 Vol.34 No.6

PET 필름의 물성을 연구하기 위하여 PET의 Tm보다 높은 다양한 온도에서 압출 후, 18℃로 급냉하였고, 종방향(MD)과 횡방향(TD)으로 각기 다른 연신비 및 다양한 열고정 온도로 제조되었다. 압출 온도, 연신비, 열고정 온도에 따른 PET 필름의 열수축 거동, 밀도, 결정화거동 및 황학적 물성 등의 변화에 대하여 고찰한 결과 MD와 TD 방향의 열수축률은 열처리온도와 압출 온도가 감소함에 따라 증가하였고, 융해열(△H)과 예비융점(Tm`)의 경우 열처리온도와 압출 온도의 증가와 함께 증가하였다. 수평균 분자량과 고유점도는 압출 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였고, 인장강도와 탄성률의 경우 연신비가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나, 열처리온도를 증가하였을 때에는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 연신 방향과 두께 방향의 굴절률은 연신비와 열처리온도가 증가함에 따라 증가함을 확인하였다. To investigate the properties of PET films, PET films were extruded at various temperature above Tm and quenched at 18℃ for amorphous sheet, and stretched along a direction defined as the machine direction (MD) with a transverse direction (TD) above Tg at various stretching ratios and then annealed at various temperatures produced by SKC PET line. Thermal shrinkage of MD and TD increased with decreasing annealing temperature and extruding temperature, and increasing stretching ratio. The degree of crystallinity, density, heat of fusion (△H) and pre-melting point (Tm`) increased with increasing annealing temperature and extruding temperature. Number average molecular weight (Mn) and intrinsic viscosity decreased with increasing extruding temperature, Tensile strength and modulus increased with increasing stretching ratio, however decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Reflective index of both stretching and thickness direction increased with increasing stretching ratio and annealing temperature.

재활용 폴리에스터 칩의 물성 향상 연구

최연주,이중규,김성훈,임기섭,이주형,이준희,Choi, Yeon-Joo,Lee, Jung-Gyu,Kim, Seong-Hun,Lim, Ki-Sub,Lee, Joo-Hyung,Lee, Jun-Hee 한국섬유공학회 2011 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.48 No.2

To improve the physical properties of recycled polyester chips, virgin PET chips were compounded with the ratio of 20 wt%, 40 wt%, and 70 wt%. Recycled PET chips blended with virgin PET chips exhibited decreased molecular weights and intrinsic viscosities compared with 100% recycled PET chips and virgin PET chips, and this was caused by thermal and hydrolytic decomposition. End-group contents and MFI both increased in the blended PET chips. As the virgin PET chip contents increased in the recycled PET chips, the melting temperature tended to increase. Recycled PET chips exhibited a higher crystallization temperature compared with virgin PET chips. Morphologies of recycled PET films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Yellowing of recycled PET chips resulted from intramolecular cross-linking and oxidation reactions. As virgin PET chips were compounded with recycled PET chips, yellowing was reduced. The ash contents were increased in the recycled PET chips which were blended with virgin PET chips. As recycled PET chip contents were similar to those of virgin PET chips, the ash contents were the highest in the experimental materials.

초경입자 미립화와 엔드밀의 가공조건에 따른 공구 마모 추이

이득광(D. K. Lee),오동열(D. Y. OH),최준혁(J. H. CHOI),정창국(C. K. JUNG),이중규(J. K. LEE) 한국생산제조학회 2019 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.11