전통마을에서 민속신앙물들의 공간분포

이인화(In Hwa Lee) 한국사진지리학회 2001 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This research aims for understanding the spatial distribution of folk belief in a traditional village by analyzing its vertical and horizontal distribution and characteristics in there. 1. The more exposed to the outside the village is, the more extensively distributed folk belief is. It has been realized that the village was protected by distributing folk belief everywhere in the village where disaster could break into. Thus, Kooksoo-Dang is a heaven god located at the highest hill of the village, and Sansin-Dong, a mountain god placed at the ridges of the half way up on the hill. Suhnang-Dang is placed for the safety of merchant routes at the foor of valleys, or at the entrance of the village, or at the foothill and Jangseung is located for the safeguard of the village at the fromtline of the entrance of the village. Poongoe-dang is the shrine to pray for the abundance of fish and the safety of seaways located at a port. Hobgobblins appeare mainly at dingy and damp areas such as puddles, streams, seaside, banks, empty or abandoned houses or old housing sites, aged trees, etc. Dook-je (Bank Sacrifice) was offered at streams, reservoirs, coastal leeves where banks were prone to break down. Chambong-je is the sacrifice offered at a small channel on the shore of an inlet at the time of catching fish using the difference of the rise and fall of the tide. 2. Family faith was kept for security and peace of families by placing articles of belief at several places inside the house centering on Sujgjusion. Sungju is the most senior god of the family located under the ridge beam of the main floored room. Tuhju taken care of the housing site,, repels evil fortune of the family and invokes a blessing of wealth and is located at the terrace where soy sauce crocks ate placed. Chowang is a god responsible for raising children and reporting family affairs to the Heaven, located on the top of the kitchen range. Chosangsin looks after their descendants, located on the floor away from the fireplace. Upsin takes charge of family wealth and is located in the cellar. Chulyoongsin is in charge of health of family members looking after soy sauce and bean paste and is located at the terrace of soy sauce crocks. Umasin helps multipling cows and horses and is located at the stable. Sumoonsin keeps evil fortune from coming in. Samsion is a god that allows a baby to be conceived and is located on the floor nearest the fireplace. Chksin takes away evil spirits located at the toilet. Jungsin makes the well not run dry and is located at the spring. 3. In Dangjin Cornty, Sansin-je, Poongoe-je were offered most often. Kiwoo-je was offered at the altar covering several villages. Besides, articles of belief individually offerd are found to be distributed for praying for peace and security in every nook and corner of the village.

공동주택 디자인요인의 가격영향 -서울특별시 한강이남 강남권 아파트의 10년 전･후를 비교하여-

이인화Lee, In Hwa,이상직(Lee, Sang Jik) 대한부동산학회 2016 大韓不動産學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 매매가격기준으로 10년이 지난 상황에서 심미적 디자인 요소가 주택가격형성에 여전히 영향을 미치고 있는가를 분석하고자 하는 연구이다. 따라서 매매가격 기준 2006년 서울특별시 강남권 고가아파트를 대상으로 분석한 2008년 연구자료를 가지고 2016년 매매가격을 적용하여 디자인가치를 분석한 후 그 결과를 비교하였다. 연구내용은 첫째, 심미단지와 비심미단지의 집단 간 가격의 평균차이가 있는지, 10년전과 어떻게 다른지 둘째, 심미요인이 저가지역보다 고가지역에서 더 많은 가격영향을 미치고 있는지, 셋째, 2008분석결과와 비교하여 디자인요인이 아파트 가격형성에 더 많은 영향을 미치는지, 구체적인 심미특성변수별로 아파트가격결정에 미치는 영향이 어떻게 변화되었는지에 관한 것이다. 이를 규명하기 위해 특성가격함수를 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 심미특성요인으로 인하여 고가지역에서는 심미단지와 비심미단지 간 가격차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으나 저가지역에서는 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 2008년 연구결과와 같은 분석결과이다. 둘째, 아파트가격형성에 대한 심미변수의 영향력 분석결과, 2008년 연구결과와 비교하여 고가지역과 저가지역 모두 디자인가치의 가격영향이 크게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 고가지역과 저가지역 모두 공간성, 조형성, 경관성 측면에서 가격영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 이로써 아파트의 디자인가치의 가격영향이 10년이 경과한 시점에서도 여전히 존재하고 있음이 규명되었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the aesthetic design factors are still affecting the formation of housing prices after 10 years from the 2006 sale price. Therefore, it analyzed design value by applying the price of sale in 2016 with the 2008 study data which analyzed the high price apartments in Gangnam zone in 2006 based on the sale price. And then it compared the result of 2008 study result with 2016 study result. It analyzed the following contents of study: whether there was a difference in the price of apartment housing between the aesthetic complex and the non-aesthetic complex: whether there was the higher price effect of aesthetics in high price apartment housing: whether there was still the impact of aesthetic factor compared with the 2008 study. It analyzed how much effect each trait had on the price by using hedonic function model. It was found that the price difference of apartment housing between the aesthetic complex and the non-aesthetic complex existed in high priced apartment housing and it didn t exist in low priced apartment housing. This result is the same of that of 2008: The influence of the aesthetic variables on the formation of the apartment price showed that the price effect of the design value greatly increased in both the high and low price zone compared with the 2008 results: It has been analyzed that it has various price influences on spatiality, formability, and landscape. As a result, it has been found that the price influence of the design value of apartment still exists even after 10 years.

중고한복시장 및 한복리폼시장의 활성화 방안 연구

이인화 ( In Hwa Lee ),손미영 ( Mi Young Son ) 대한가정학회 2021 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.59 No.1

In order to find ways to re-use used Hanbok and activate Hanbok reform, it is necessary to investigate the current status and problems of used Hanbok and Hanbok reform in the domestic Hanbok market. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and problems of the used Hanbok market and the Hanbok reform market through literature data surveys and in-depth interviews with Hanbok experts, and to study ways to activate used Hanbok and Hanbok reform. Based on the results of this study, as a way to activate the used Hanbok market and the Hanbok reform market, expand opportunities and create a social and cultural atmosphere for wearing Hanbok, and research on design, pattern, size, and materials. It also suggested the establishment of a systematic system for separate collection, reform, sales and management, the establishment of a central institution that manages and operates the re-use of used Hanbok and Hanbok reform, support for education institutions and programs for Hanbok reform, public relations, and changes in Hanbok production methods.

토양세척법에 의한 클레이사격장 납 오염토양의 정화에 관한 연구

이인화,설명수,Lee, In-Hwa,Seol, Myung-Soo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2010 지하수토양환경 Vol.15 No.5

For an efficient remediation of Pb-contaminated soil (S-1) in a clay shooting range, a soil washing test was performed with mineral acid, organic acid, chelating agent, and chloride. The Pb extraction efficiency of extractant (0.1 M) used in the washing test showed the order of HCl > $Na_2$-EDTA > NTA > DTPA > citric acid > malic acid > succinic acid > acetic acid > $CaCl_2$ > $MgCl_2$, for S-1 soil. As compared to initial Pb concentration, extraction efficiency by the concentration of extractant was 93.35%, 80.80%, 73.92%, and 24.57% in S-1 soil for HCl (0.5 M, pH 1.10), $Na_2$-EDTA (0.01 M, pH 3.99), citric acid (0.5 M, pH 1.27), and $MgCl_2$ (0.1 M, pH 8.82), respectively. S-1 soil had 56.83% of residue form and 43.17% of non-residue form (18.04% of exchangeable form), respectively. Although the concentrations of these fractions sharply decreased after HCl washing, since the exchangeable forms with relatively large mobility are still distributed as high as 18.78% (to Pb total content in residual soils) in S-1 soil, it is necessary to devise a proper management plan for residual soils after soil washing application.

유아교육 현장에서의 창의성과 반창의성: 유치원 교사들과의 심층 인터뷰를 중심으로

한기순 ( Ki Soon Han ),이인화 ( In Hwa Lee ) 미래유아교육학회 2015 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 유아교육 현장에서 유아들의 창의성 발현에 대한 교사의 반응을 심층 인터뷰를 통해 탐색하며, 유아의 창의성 발현이 존중되지 못하는 요인에는 어떠한 것들이 있는지 분석해 봄으로써 향후 나아갈 교육적 방향을 모색해 보고자 하는 것이 본고의 목적이다. 본 연구에서는 5개 유치원 12명의 교사가 심층 면담에 참여 했으며, 면담은 개별 2차례 총 24차례에 걸쳐 이루어졌다. 연구결과 참여한 대부분의 교사들이 창의적인 아이나 창의적인 행동에 대하여 현장에서의 어려움 혹은 반감을 나타내고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 교사들과의 심층면담 결과를 창의적 아이 vs 순종적 아이, 자율적 유아중심 프로그램 vs 취학 전 인지적 선행 학습, 실패를 경험하는 기회제공 vs 검증된 프로그램 수행, 독창적 시도의 결과물 vs 보기 좋은 결과물 등을 중심으로 제시하였고, 창의성 저해 요인, 교사에 따른 창의성 교육의 편차를 추가적으로 탐색하였다. 연구결과를 중심으로 유아교육 현장에서 반창의성 편향의 극복과 창의성 교육의 방안이 논의되었다. The main purpose of this research was to search for the future direction of our education by analyzing in-depth interviews of teachers` view on young children`s expressing creativity in a kindergarten and their obstacles that hold back children`s creative expression. To conduct the study, 12 kindergarten teachers from 5 kindergartens participated for in-depth interviews which were done twice per person, 24 times in total. The majority of the teachers had difficulties dealing with creative children or behaviors that showed creativity or at least they showed reluctance about them. The results of this study are displayed by following themes: creative child vs. obedient child, self-regulated child-centered program vs. pre-school cognitive prerequisite learning, offering opportunities of failure vs. performing verified programs, output of creative trials vs. conventional good-looking output etc. Moreover, factors that hinder their creativity and creativity education deviation depending on teacher have been additionally studied. With the result of this study, it was discussed about overcoming of anti-creative bias and planning of creativity education in early childhood education field.

교육과 투자

이인화,Lee, In-Hwa 한국대학교육협의회 1994 大學敎育 Vol.69 No.-

테마연재 / 디지털 스토리텔링의 원리

이인화,Lee, In-Hwa 한국데이터베이스진흥원 2003 디지털콘텐츠 Vol.8 No.-

'디지털 스토리텔링(Digita0l Storytelling)'이란 디지털 기술을 매체환경 또는 표현 수단으로 수용해 이루어지는 스토리텔링이다. 영화를 비롯한 미디어 영상물은 대개 6단계의 표준 제작 공정으로 만들어진다. 1)기획개발단계(Develop) 2)제작준비단계(Pre-Production)3)제작단계(Production) 4)후반작업단계(Post-Production)5)배급단계(Distribution) 6)상영단계(Exhibition)가 그것이다. 디지털 스토리텔링이란 1)에서 6)에 이르는 매체 환경전체에 디지털 기술이 수용되거나, 최소한 1)에서 4)에 이르는 스토리에서 담화까지의 창작에 표현 수단으로 디지털 기술이 수용된 경우를 말한다.

임상연구 : 편도절제술을 받은 환아에서 수술 후 통증 조절을 위해 사용한 Ketorolac과 Propacetamol의 비교

이인화 ( In Hwa Lee ),한종인 ( Jong In Han ),김동연 ( Dong Yeon Kim ),이귀용 ( Guie Yong Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2008 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.55 No.6

Background: Both ketorolac and propacetamol have been used to control mild to moderate pain after operation. Ketorolac is a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with strong analgesic activity, but should be avoided in patients with renal dysfunction or bleeding complications. Propacetamol is a prodrug of paracetamol and can be delivered intravenously. Importantly, it has fewer side effects and therefore generally considered safe. The purpose of this study is to compare the analgesic efficacy of ketorolac and propacetamol for pain control after tonsillectomy in pediatric patients. Methods: The pediatric patients were randomly divided into three groups. All patients were given propofol and fentanyl for induction. During induction, one group received ketorolac 1 mg/kg (group K), another group received propacetamol 30 mg/kg (group P), and the other group received saline (group C). Postoperative pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Faces Pain Scale (FPS) at 15, 30 and 60 min after arrival at the recovery room. Results: VAS and FPS at 30 and 60 min after arrival were significantly lower in group K and P than in group C (P < 0.05). No adverse side effect was observed in all groups after tonsillectomy. Conclusions: Propacetamol can be used as a safe alternative to ketorolac for pain control after tonsillectomy in pediatric patients. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2008; 55: 704~8)

중요무형문화재 75호 기지시 줄다리기의 유래 재검토

이인화(Lee In-Hwa) 실천민속학회 2009 실천민속학연구 Vol.13 No.-

중요무형문화재 75호 기지시줄다리기는 우리나라 대표적인 문화 축제로 전국에 널리 알려지기도 하였지만 여러 논란들이 상존하고 있다. 본 연구는 1999년 이후의 연구사 검토와 더불어 민속지리학의 지형적인 측면에서 정립되지 못한 논쟁점들에 대해 재검토했다. 기지시는 1914년 ‘내기리’와 ‘부지동’ 등의 마을이 통폐합되어 형성된 마을로 지형이 산 능선 아래 대동샘이 있은 형세로 이를 리명으로 한자화 되는 과정에서 ‘機池市’가 되었는데 기지시는 산능선 아래 좋은 샘이 있는 마을에 시장이 강조되면서 형성된 마을명이다. ‘틀못이(틀(둑) 아래 못이 있는 곳)’ →‘틀모시’ →‘틀무시’로 음운변화가 이루어졌는데 이를 한자 뜻풀이하는 과정에서 ‘베틀기’, ‘못지’, ‘시장시’로 해석해 풍수지리적인 지세를 베틀형국으로 보았다. 따라서 기지시줄다리기의 본래 기능이 변형되었던 것으로 보인다. 이는 여러 측면에서 파악되는데 조선왕조실록의 13번 지진기록, 인근지역(삽교천ㆍ가학천ㆍ역천ㆍ염솔천ㆍ대방들천 등)의 단층선, 덕산ㆍ온양ㆍ아산ㆍ도고온천 등 아산만의 온천지대를 형성, 기지시줄다리기가 지역사람들의 연구 기획으로 이루어졌다는 증언 등이 문화재 지정이전의 전설이 지네형국과 관련된 전설이다. 그리고 각종 고지도상에 나타나는 지세 등을 살펴볼 때 기지시줄다리기의 유래가 베틀형국보다 지네형국에서 왔음을 알 수 있다. 하지만 문화재로 등록하는 과정에서 베틀형국으로 고증해 줄다리기 줄을 용으로, 줄다리기 형식을 마전하는 형식으로, ‘불당골’을 베틀관련 지명인 ‘북당골’로, 줄다리기 장소인 ‘상수리밭’을 농경 민속적인 ‘보리밭’이라며 ‘흥척동’으로 작명하였다. Intangible cultural assets No.75, Kigisi Tug-of-war(Kigisi Juldariki) was known as representative Korean culture festival. However, there is constant controversy concerning it. I have reviewed my former results of 1999 study and re-studied the actual state over unsettled disputes for it from topographical and environmental point of view. Kigisi was named as place name on topographical shape basis, because it has the topography of Daedongsaem on the ridge of the mountain which means big bank. During interpretation of Chinese character “Kigi(機池)” into Korean laguage, it was mistranslated into Betleki and Mochi. In other word, Kigisi was phonetically changed into place name from Tlemochi to Tlemosi and Tlemusi in the process of market opening on the ridge of the mountain. The earthquake was occurred thirteen times on record around fault areas like Sapkyochen, Kahakchen, Yukchen, Yeomsolchen, Daebankdlechen etc. There were the earthquakes of eight and five degrees intensity at Hongsung(36.7N) in 1594 and in 1978, and seven degrees intensity at Injumyon area(36.7N, 126.9E), Asansi, in 1662, including three times before 1950. And also hot spring area was formed around Asan bay. According to these facts, I assume that these are the evidences of unsecure factors due to exposure to earthquakes and the geomantic and topographical appearance of these areas is centipede shape instead of loom. In order to secure Myonchunkun, market was open in Kigisi, a center of Myonchunmyon at that times through the process of pity incantation by stepping down centipede feet with man feet. However, they consequently named place name as Budang-gol instead of Buldang-gol, Boribat instead of Sangsuribat, and Heungchukdong via the recognition as dragon for string and loom appearance for village shape although the shape of Tug-of-war symbolizes centipede. Because people thought that the tug-of-war was playing in the form of weaving shape.

조선 및 근대 여권사상에 나타나는 진취성과 자기유폐 - 남성중심 이데올로기와 여성의 주체성 확보 사이의 갈등과 타협을 중심으로

이인화 ( Lee In-hwa ) 한국동서철학회 2016 동서철학연구 Vol.0 No.81

조선 및 근대 여성들의 여권사상은 남성중심 이데올로기와 가부장적 가족시스템 속에서 여성의 정체성과 주체적 권리영역을 확보하고자하는 진취성을 띠고 있다. 동시에 이들의 고안한 정체성과 권리의 영역은 시대적 한계와 이에 대한 저항이 내적갈등을 하는 가운데, 가부장적 구조의 틈새에서 발견한 제한된 영역에 머문다는 수동적 성격을 띠고 있다. 『내훈』은 음양의 이분법을 수용하는 가운데 ‘건’의 존재인 남성과 ‘곤’의 존재인 여성은 서로 동등한 존재이지만 각자의 정체성에 의해 서로 다른 도와 그에 따른 역할을 가지고 있을 뿐이라고 주장하면서 여성의 독자적 영역을 확보하였다. 그러나 이분화된 관념체계 속에서 수동성을 상징하는 영역을 여성의 정체성으로 설정함으로서 결국여성의 정체성을 수동적인 것에 머물게 하였다. 근대 자유주의 신여성의 경우 여성에게 일방적으로 강요되던 정조 관념에 반기를 들고 자유연애를 주창하였다. 그러나 여성을 정실부인-첩·기생으로 분류했던 가족시스템 속에서 결국 후자의 위치로 흡수되어버렸다. 사회주의 신여성은 무산여성을 억압하는 자본주의와 가부장제라는 이중권력이 타파된 여성해방을 주장하였다. 이들은 역사발전 법칙에 따라 그러한 사회가 필연적으로 올 것이라고 보았는데, 이때 실제적인 사회변혁의 주역은 역사이며 여성의 역할은 역사 발전을 보조하는 역할에 그치게 된다. 조선 및 근대 여권사상들은 여성을 억압하는 전통적 이데올로기에 대한 반발로 나타났다. 비록 당시의 억압적 사회시스템이 매우 공고한 것이라 그 자체를 근본적으로 문제 삼거나 현실적으로 극복해 나가는 운동으로 발전하지는 못했지만, 당시 여성이 당면한 문제를 인식하고 이를 해결하기 위한 주체적 영역을 확보하고자 했다는 점에서 의미를 지닌다. Noblemen in Choseon Dynasty considered Yang(Movements) represent men and Ying(Standstill) represent women. Following this dichotomy, women were forced to being obedient to men. In The Private instructions(內訓), however, it was argued that men representing Yang and women representing Ying are equal and they have just different role according to different identity. While this argument secured the women’s independent identity, it also confined women to the passive nature. New women in the Modern era denied an obedient life to men and tried to find out independent and initiative life based on the thought of sexual equality. Some radical liberal new women denied the concept of sexual fidelity which was only imposed to women and favored a free love. But they didn``t overthrow the concept of sexual fidelity which supported by male-centered conventional marriage system and just became an concubine of men. On the other hand, some socialist new women asserted that women have been slaves of capitalism and androcentrism and by the law of historical development, capitalism and androcentrism would be destroyed. In this context, the role of women were just to support the historical development. The thought of women’s right in Choseon Dynasty and Modern Korea were results of resistance or backlash against the traditional system. But the thinkers didn’t make an issue on the whole system and they just tried to secure some slight space in the system leading to confine themselves in the narrow crack.