냉온수기에서 일반세균의 분포 및 분리한 세균의 특성

이은화,고지윤,김종설,Lee, Eun-Hwa,Koh, Ji-Yun,Kim, Jong-Seol 한국미생물학회 2008 미생물학회지 Vol.44 No.3

To evaluate bacteriological water quality, samples were taken from drinking water dispensers placed at S company (S-C) and U highschool (U-H) in Ulsan. The medians of heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) were 53 CFU/ml for the 74 water samples of S-C and 80 CFU/ml for the 36 cold water samples of U-H, and 38% of the S-C and 42% of the U-H samples showed HPC bacterial concentrations higher than 100 CFU/ml. Coliform bacteria were detected from one sample of S-C. To determine the major source of bacterial contamination, water samples were taken daily for $6\sim8$ days from the bottled water containers as well as the faucets of an experimental water dispenser. While the average HPCs in the bottled water containers were 33 CFU/ml for the first and 132 CFU/ml for the 2nd analysis, the HPC concentration in the cold water samples was 1,022 CFU/ml for the 2nd analysis. These results suggest that the majority of bacteria detected in the cold water samples were originated from the biofilms on the surface of water passages within the water dispensers. There was no significant increase in HPC bacterial concentrations within the bottled water container after installation on the water dispenser. We could isolate and tentatively identify 3 genera 6 species of Gram-positive and 7 genera 7 species of Gram-negative bacteria from the plate count agar plates of U-H samples. Among the isolates, 72% were observed as Gram-positive, and Micrococcus spp. was the most abundant with 54% of the total, followed by Sphingomonas paucimobilis with 16%. It appears that most of the HPC bacteria detected in water dispensers originate from indoor airborne bacteria, which may play important roles in the formation of biofilms on the surface of water passages within the water dispensers. 울산 소재 S회사(S-C)와 U고등학교(U-H)에 설치된 냉온수기를 대상으로 S-C에서 냉수 74개, U-H에서 냉수와 온수 각 36개의 시료를 채수하여 미생물 분포를 조사하였다. 일반세균 농도의 중간값은, S-C 시료에서 53 CFU/ml ($0\sim4,135$ CFU/ml)이었으며, U-H의 경우 냉수에서 80 CFU/ml ($0\sim1,480$ CFU/ml), 온수에서 0 CFU/ml ($0\sim240$ CFU/ml)이었다. S-C 시료의 38%, U-H 냉수 시료의 42%에서 일반세균에 대한 먹는 물 수질기준인 100 CFU/ml을 초과하였으며, 대장균군은S-C의 1개 시료에서 검출되었다. 냉온수기에서 검출되는 미생물의 주요오염 경로를 확인하고자, 2회에 걸쳐 먹는 샘물 용기로부터 각각 6일과 8일 동안 매일 시료를 채수하였으며, 2회 채수는 냉온수기의 꼭지에서도 행하였다. 일반세균 농도의 평균값은, 먹는 샘물 용기에서 1회 33 CFU/ml, 2회 132 CFU/ml이었으며, 냉수 꼭지 시료에서 1,022 CFU/ml로, 냉온수기 꼭지에서 검출되는 대부분의 세균은 먹는 샘물이 수조통과 통로관을 거치면서 오염된 것으로 판단된다. 먹는 샘물 용기를 냉온수기에 연결한 후 시간의 경과에 따른 용기 내 일반세균수의 유의성 있는 증가는 없었다. 임의의 100개 일반세균 집 락을 대상으로 순수배양 후표현형에 따른 동정 시험을 하였으며, 그람양성 3속6종,그람음성 7속7종 등, 모두 10속13종의 세균을 잠정적으로 확인하였다. U-H의 4대 냉온수기 꼭지에서, 그람양성은 전체의 72%이었고, 그람양성의 Micrococcus spp.가 전체의 54%를 차지하여 가장 많았다. Micrococus spp.와 그람음성의 Sphingomonas paucimobilis는4대의 냉온수기 모두에서 분리되었다. 냉온수기의 일반세균은 주로 실내 공기중 미생물로부터 유래하며, 이들 미생물이 냉온수기의 수조통 흑은 통로관에서 생물막 형성에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

Degassing 조건이 Ni-Cr 합금의 도재결합력에 미치는 영향

이은화,전영찬,정창모,임장섭,Lee, Eun-Hwa,Jeon, Young-Chan,Jeong, Chang-Mo,Lim, Jang-Seop 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.4

This study evaluated the effect of degassing on the ceramic bond strength of two Ni-Cr alloys under varying holding time at the upper limit temperature and atmospheric conditions. Metal specimens were divided into 5 groups for each alloy according to degassing conditions prior to porcelain application no degassing, degassing under vacuum without hold, degassing under vacuum with hold for 5 min. and 10 min. respectively at the upper limit temperature and degassing in air. Total number of metal ceramic specimens was eighty and each group had eight specimens. The ceramic bond strength was measured by four-point flexural test using Instron and the fractured surface was examined under SEM. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Degassing in air improved the ceramic bond strength of Ni-Cr alloys. 2. In degassing under vacuum, hold at the upper limit temperature was advantageous to the ceramic bonding of Ni-Cr alloys. 3. After ceramic metal bond test, metal surfaces were partially covered with the thin porcelain layer, and the cohesive failures in porcelain were predominant in groups showing higher ceramic bond strength.

늙음을 탄식하는 이를 향한 공감과 위로의 소통 방식

이은화(Lee, Eun-Hwa),김윤희(Kim, Yun-Hee) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.140

This study focuses on a feminine verse written by Mrs. Lee Ho of the Jinseong Lee clan that has not yet been studied in the academic world, despite the fact that its specific details were previously revealed through a collection of verses titled ‘Bugae-gasa’. In particular, by synthetically examining ‘Notanga’(semantically the verse of lamentation for aging), which is included in the collection, and its answer verse, ‘Notandabgok’(semantically, an answer song to a lamentation for aging) by Mrs. Choi of the Jeonju Choi clan, this study identified characteristics of the two writings as well as, different aspects and cultural meanings of feminine verses shared within a clan. ‘Notanga’, where the rhetoric of self-lamentation for aging is found, has a prominent feature, that she focused on her sick body and portrayed the symptoms and changes in various manners. Mrs. Choi, who read ‘Notanga’, noted that ‘the style is fascinating’. In particular, the lamentation of women in ‘Notanga’ is portrayed very differently compared to other writings dealing with the aging of women in the masculine viewpoint of the late Joseon period. This study found that in ‘Notanga’, an elderly woman focused on her own body and tried to portray the aspects of suffering and change in a realistic manner. It shows the subjective anguish and expressive power in a woman’s viewpoint, not from an external or other person’s viewpoint. It seems that Mrs. Choi, who wrote ‘Notandapgok’, also expressed her desire to tell of a repressed life by a feminine verse after she read ‘Notanga’. At that time, she was enduring hard life circumstances as the eldest daughter-in-law of, a head family. When Mrs. Choi read ‘Notanga’ and found psychological support, her foundation for expression grew, and she learned to express the difficulty of ‘a woman’s married life’ through the words in a feminine verse. She revealed her desires and true voice by composing ‘Notandapgok’ with a more active mind. Paradoxically, the real aspect of suffering and lamentation portrayed by Mrs. Choi acted as a mechanism of consolation to Mrs. Lee Ho, who lamented aging. In this way, it is necessary to pay attention to the examples of dialogue and communication on a family basis among the ways in which feminine verses were distributed in the Yeongnam area in the late Joseon period. A feminine verse is a communication method based on not only the self-esteem of amember of the prestigious family, but also provides a sense of solidarity withthose around them and their circumstances.

인버터를 활용한 소규모 사업장 에너지 절감에 관한 연구

이은화(Eun-Hwa Lee),이경배(Gyeong-Bae Lee),이상훈(Sang-Hoon Lee),정우진(Woo-Jin Jeong),강복선(Bok-Seon Kang),변두균(Doo-Gyoon Byun) 대한전기학회 2016 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.7

一部 都市低所得層 幼兒園園兒의 營養實態調査

우미경(Mee-Kyung Woo),이은화(Eun-Wha Lee),이보경(Bo-Kyung Lee),이정수(Jung-Soo Lee),이정화(Jung-Wha Lee),이종현(Jong-Hyun Lee),모수미(Su-Mi Mo) 한국식품영양과학회 1985 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.14 No.3

A survey of 113 children, aged 4 to 6 years, of the San Cheon a day care center, located in the upland, over populated, poor area of Seoul City, was conducted from July 28 to September 6, 1982, to investigate the dietary and nutritional status, and prevalence of parasitic inpection. House size was 10.1 Pyung; number of households per house, 3.1; number of family member per household, 4.8; and number of family members living together per room, 3.7; on the average. Only 49% of households possess own houses and the others live in the rented houses. About 40% of mothers were engaged income-producing activities within or outside of the home. Mean values of height, weight, arm circumference, girth of chest, and girth of head ranged from 98.4 to 102.2% of KIST mean. However, 13% of the subjects were assessed as undernutrition for 'weight for height'. Mean value of hemoglobin was 12.9±2.9 g/dl and mean hematocrit value was 35.2±5.5%; 17.9% of the subjects were proven to be anemic according to the criteria of the WHO. The positive prevalence of parasitic inpection was 3.3%, significantly lower than that observed in any other area, probably because of community parasitic control project. Intakes of energy and nutrients except thiamin and ascorbic acid were far below RDAs. Carbohydrates for energy provided 71. 2 to 73.8% of total energy intake; protein accounted 11.3 to 12.2%; fat provided 14.5 to 16.6%. Energy intake was divided among breakfast, lunch, evening meal and snack, on the average, in a percentage of 22.0; 23.4; 24.4; 30.2. There was significant correlation between pattern of food consumption and nutrient intakes. The nutrient intakes and quality of foods were highly correlated to the maternal factors, especially mother's educational level. The study suggested that development of nutrition guides for mother and children would be needed to improve nutritional status of those young children.

영양보충제의 급여가 암환자의 영양소 섭취 및 영양 상태에 미치는 영향

이은화(Lee Eun Wha),이영희(Lee Young Hee),백희영(Paik Hee Young),허대석(Heo Dae-Seog) 韓國營養學會 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.30 No.2

공학계열 대학생의 좋은 수업에 대한 인식 유형 분석

이은화(Eun Hwa Lee),이혜주(Hye Ju Lee) 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2019 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.9 No.5

본 연구는 공학계열 대학생의 좋은 수업에 대한 인식 유형을 알기 위해 Q방법으로 분석하고자 하였다. 공학계열 대학생 35명을 P표본 대상으로 선정하였고, 최종 33개의 진술문을 Q표본으로 선택하여 9점 척도 상에 강제 분포하도록 하였다. 수집된 자료는 점수화 하여 PC용 QUANL program으로 분석하였으며, 분석 결과, 3개의 유형이 발견되었다. 제1유형은 사고확장형으로 기본적인 내용을 바탕으로 사고를 확장하기 위한 조작, 문제 해결 방식으로 구성된 수업이 좋은 수업이라고 생각하는 유형이다. 제2유형은 현장적용형으로 이론적인 수업 내용을 바로 실험이나 실습, 조작, 응용 가능한 수업이 좋은 수업이라고 생각하는 유형이다. 제3유형은 개별맞춤형으로 수업에 참여하는 학생의 수준과 흥미를 충분히 고려한 수업이 좋은 수업이라고 생각하는 유형이다. 따라서 연구 결과를 통해 공학계열 대학생의 좋은 수업에 대한 인식 유형을 이해하여 맞춤형 수업 설계가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the types of recognition about good classes of the engineering students by Q - method. The subjects of the study were selected as 35 engineering students and selected 33 final Q samples for forced distribution on the 9 point scale. Data analysis was analyzed with QUANL program for PC. Three types of analysis were found. The first type is an extension type of thinking, and it is a type that thinks that the class composed of the manipulation and problem solving method based on the basic contents in the class is a good class. The second type is applied to the field, and the contents of the class is a type in which it is thought that the class that can be experimented, practiced, manipulated, and applied is good. The third type is a individually customized in which the student considers the level and interest of the learner as a good lecture. Therefore, it is concluded that the customized curriculum and instructional design should be done in the engineering class considering the recognition type difference of the good class of the students.

차세대 국방의료정보체계 구축에 따른 사용자 만족도에 관한 연구

이은화 ( Eun-hwa Lee ),방연주 ( Yeon-ju Bang ),이지영 ( Ji-young Lee ),김영아 ( Young-ah Kim ),한광일 ( Gwang-il Han ) 국군의무사령부 2013 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.44 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of study is to analyze the differences and the correlation between each specific groups through researching user's satisfaction rate and recognition rate, and also giving a way how to use the basic data for the materialization of Electronic Health Record and how to introduce the NDEMIS by the studying of corroborative evidence. Methods : This study is the result of the rate of satisfaction and recognition through the questioning 297persons all told in one Military hospital. We use the following methods : SPSS ver 18.0 / Parameter ANOVA / Non Parameter Kruskal-Walls test. Results : Regarding satisfaction rate, The highest is Management support as 3.35 while Function and efficiency reached lowest as 3.02. The satisfaction with support dept and management varied in accordance with gender, education background, occupational category, rank and working places. Especially we found that the people who have less one year duty period have much more satisfied than more than one year. Conclusions : The study introduced the factors to be considered for the NDEMIS take root in Korea Armed Force and also it should be the foundation for the future Medical Information system in early stage.

식물 근권토양에서 분리한 수지상균근균

이은화 ( Eun Hwa Lee ),이정윤 ( Jeong Yoon Lee ),어주경 ( Ju Kyeong Eo ),가강현 ( Kang Hyeon Ka ),엄안흠 ( Ahn Heum Eom ) 한국균학회 2014 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.42 No.4

In this study, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were isolated and cultivated from rhizospheres of various plants in Korea. Five species belonging to four genus were identified based on spore morphology and 18S rDNA sequence analysis: Acaulospora cavernata Claroideoglomus luteum, Diversispora aurantium, D. trimurales, Rhizophagus irregularis. These fungal species have not been cultivated or reported to date in Korea, Morphological description and phylogenetic analysis for each species were presented. This result could be useful for research of AMF diversity in Korea.

가계재무관리의 부부간 역할분담에 관한 연구

이은화(Lee Eun-Hwa),양세정(Yang Se-Jeong) 가정과삶의질학회 2008 가정과삶의질연구 Vol.26 No.6