PCA 교육과 내관지압이 노인 슬관절 전치환술 환자의 수술 후 불편감에 미치는 효과

이은연,손경희 한국노인간호학회 2014 노인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) educationand Nei-Guan Acupressure on post-operative discomfort such as pain, nausea and vomiting in elders followingtotal knee replacement. Methods: PCA education was provided to the experimental group at 7 pm the day beforethe operation. Routine post-operative PCA education was given to the control group in the recovery room or generalward. Confirmation of the effects of PCA education on level of pain was measured using the Numerical RatingScale (NRS), and nausea and vomiting using the Index of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching (INVR). Collected datawere analyzed using x2-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test and repeated measures ANCOVA. Results: The experimentalgroup who participated in the PCA education and Nei-Guan Acupressure showed lower levels of painand nausea than the control group. However, the results did not show a significantly lower level of vomiting comparedto the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that PCA education and Nei-GuanAcupressure as developed in this study are an effective nursing intervention for post-operative discomfort in elders following total knee replacement.

A Corpus-Based Analysis of Korean EFL High School Students’Interlanguage: Focusing on Function Words

이은연 팬코리아영어교육학회 2009 영어교육연구 Vol.21 No.2

The goal of this study is to characterize the interlanguages of Korean high school students paying special attention to the function words they use. In order to investigate this issue, the present study has constructed three corpora of English writing samples: samples by native English speakers (NES), samples by Korean English speakers at an intermediate level (KES1), and at an advanced level (KES2). Function words were extracted from the three corpora and were analyzed with Wordsmith. As results, the interlanguages of KES1 and KES2 have been characterized in the aspects of lexis, grammar, and style. Lexical patterns are associated with learners’ tendency to grasp for one meaning or one usage of a word. This is exemplified by the underuse of and as. Further, learners’ shortage of lexis repertoire has led to the repetition of the same word, causing overuse of a particular word such as they. In the area of grammar, learners’ general inability to construct certain grammatical structures are related to the underuse of function words such as relativizers. In the matter of style, finally, learners tend to use spoken register in written essays, causing their writing to be informal.

간호학에서 직무스트레스 관련 연구동향 분석

이은연,손경희 한국융합학회 2015 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.6 No.3

본 연구는 융합시대를 맞이하여 국내 직무스트레스 관련 연구 동향을 살펴봄으로써 직무스트레스의 원인과 측정도구에 대한 새로운 이해를 돕고 향후 직무스트레스에 관한 연구의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 1995년부터 2015년까지 발표된 직무스트레스 관련 국내 학술지 64편을 연구대상으로 하였다. 그 결과 가장 많은 연구가이루어진 시기는 2010년부터 2015년까지였으며, 전체 연구의 73.4%는 조사연구, 14.1%는 상관관계연구 그리고4.7%는 실험연구였다. 연구대상자는 주로 간호사였고 그 중 60.9%는 임상간호사였다. 결론적으로 대부분의 연구대상자는 임상간호사였으며, 연구방법에서 제시한 바와 같이 직무스트레스는 조사연구를 통해 주로 연구되고 있었다. At the threshold of a convergence age, this study aims to facilitate a new understanding ofa job stress measure and the causes of job stress to steer the direction of future studies on this topic, andto examine research trends relating to job stress in the country. To this end, in this study, 64 researchpapers related to job stress and published between 1995 and 2015 were selected. The highest number ofstudies was found for the period between 2010 and 2015, following analysis of the date of the research. In total, 73.4%, 14.1%, and 4.7% of the studies comprised survey, correlational, and experimental research,respectively. The majority of the subjects were nurses; 60.9% were hospital nurses. Most of the existingstudies were conducted on hospital nurses. Job stress was mainly studied through survey designs, asshown by an analysis of the study methods used.

간호사의 감정노동과 근골격계 통증에 대한 연구

이은연,김주성 성인간호학회 2013 성인간호학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.12

학교도서관 순회사서 직무만족도 연구

이은연,정대근,Lee, Eunyoun,Jeong, Dae Keun 한국비블리아학회 2020 한국비블리아학회지 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 학교도서관 인적자원의 현황을 파악하고, 인적자원이 부재한 학교도서관을 지원하는 순회사서의 직무만족도를 통해 학교도서관의 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다. 순회사서제도가 운영되고 있는 전남, 경북, 경남의 직원을 대상으로 일반적인 현황과 근무체계, 업무 특성을 파악하고 직무만족도를 조사·분석하였다. 분석결과 사서 1명이 10여개에서 200여개의 학교를 담당하고 있었으며, 30%의 사서는 공공도서관 소속으로 나타났다. 직무만족도는 3.45점으로 나타났으며, 세부항목을 보면 직무(4.15), 보람(3.89), 의사소통(3.70)은 평균 이상인 반면, 승진공정(2.08), 교육(1.96)은 낮게 나타났다. 직무만족을 높이기 위해 본 연구에서는 순회사서 인력 증원, 계속교육 기회제공, 순회사서 소속 변경 등을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to identify the current status of staff in school libraries and to provide suggestions for the development of these facilities through the job satisfaction of itinerant librarians, who act as support for schools which lack permanent staff. For employees in the South Korean provinces of South Jeolla, North Gyeongsan and South Gyeonsan, regions which currently operate using systems of itinerant librarians, the general status, work characteristics and systems were identified, and job satisfaction was surveyed. As a result of the survey, librarians may be in charge of anywhere from ten to two hundred schools, with approximately 30% of them being affiliated with public libraries in various municipalities. The overall job satisfaction averaged out to a score of 3.45 out of 5, with the categories of duties (4.15), a feeling of accomplishment (3.89) and communication (3.70) showing above average results, while opportunities for promotion (2.08) and job training (1.96) were on the lower end of the scale. For better job satisfaction, this study suggests an increase in the number of itinerant librarians, more job training, and having these professionals be affiliated with school boards rather than public libraries.

Analysis of Korean EFL High School Students’ Writing Based on CLAWS

이은연 한국외국어교육학회 2011 Foreign languages education Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Korean EFL high school students’ interlanguage. For this purpose, three kinds of corpora were constructed: Korean English Speakers at intermediate level (KES1), Korean English Speakers at advanced level (KES2), and Native English Speakers (NES). Each corpus consists of 30 argumentative essays on the same topic. These data were automatically tagged by the Constituent Likelihood Automatic Word-tagging System (CLAWS), and then analyzed by the Wordsmith program. As results, firstly, our study has confirmed the findings of previous research: informal and spoken style, repetition of small amounts of words, and the features of writer/reader visibility. Secondly, cultural differences between Korea and western countries were observed in the overused words such as work hard. Thirdly, they tend to avoid using plurals in the use of nouns and determiners, and have difficulties in inflecting, such as comparatives, gerunds and past participles. Most of the characteristics listed above were alleviated in the KES2 writing compared with KES1 except for the spoken style and cultural influences. KES1 learners need to be trained to apply English grammar more exactly, while KES2 learners should be given more chances to be exposed to a good argumentative writing.

인사동문화지구의 장소마케팅이 방문객 만족 및 재방문의사에 미치는 영향

은연정,김시중 국토지리학회 2010 국토지리학회지 Vol.44 No.3

본 연구에서는 인사동문화지구를 방문한 내국인을 대상으로 인사동문화지구의 장소마케팅이 방문객의 만족 및 재방문 의사에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실증분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장소마케팅 전략에 대한 요인분석 결과 4개 요인[요인1(문화관광), 요인2(도시재생), 요인3(매력물), 요인4(경제)]이 추출되었다. 둘째, 장소마케팅이 방문자의 만족에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석 결과, 4개 요인이 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 셋째, 장소마케팅이 방문객의 재방문 의사에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석 결과, 3개 요인[요인1(문화관광), 요인2(도시재생) 및 요인4(정체성)]이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. This study analyzed the effect that place marketing influenced on tourist satisfaction and the intention of native Koreans returning to the cultural district of Insadong. The result of actual analysis is as following. First, four factors were drawn according to the result of the factor analysis about the attributes of 19 Place Marketing strategy: Factor 1(Culture tourism), Factor 2(City improvement), Factor 3(Attractive things) and Factor 4(Economy). Second, according to the analysis results about the influence on the visitor satisfaction of Place Marketing, four factors were found out to have an effect on the satisfaction of the tourists. Third, according to the analysis results, three factors had an impact on the intention of revisit of the tourists by the Place Marketing: Factor 1(Culture tourism), Factor 2(City improvement) and Factor 4(Economy).

당뇨병성 신병증환자에서 Lipoprotein ( a ) 농도

은연기(Yeon Ki Eun),류미숙(Mee Sook Ryu),홍성표(Sung Pyo Hong),이태원(Tae Won Lee),임천규(Chun Gyoo Ihm),김명재(Myung Jae Kim) 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.5

N/A Background: Lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] is a subspecies of low-density lipoprotein and has been shown to be associated with pathogenesis of thrombosis-related disease. It is already known that patients with diabetic nephropathy are usually complicated by vascular complications such as coronary artery diseases and cerebrovascular accidents. According to the recent data, Lp(a) level tends to be increased as the proteinuria is increased and renal function are decreased. We evaluated the Lp(a) level to know whether its level is correlated to the severity of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: We investigated Lp(a) levels in eighty-one patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. They were divided into four groups according to the level of urinary albumin excretion and serum creatinine level: Group 1 (n=30): normal renal function + urine microalbumin ≤20㎍/min, Group 2 (n=20): normal renal function + protein on urinalysis + urine microalbumin 20-200㎍/min, Group 3 (n=14): urine protein (+) on urinalysis + normal renal function, Group 4 (n=15): urine protein (+) on urinalysis + serum creatinine leve1≥1.5㎎/dL. Blood samples were obtained during the morning in the fasting state and separated serum from the it and reserved at -70℃. Lp(a) concentration was checked by one-step sandwich ELISA test. All grouped data were expressed as mean±SD. ANOVA and unpaired t-test was used to assess the statistical difference between any two means. Results: Lp(a) levels were 30.2±4.6㎎/dL in Group 1, 42.7±8.2㎎/dL in group 2, 73.4±19.7㎎/dL in group 3, and 80.7±14.8㎎/dL in group 4. The level of Lp(a) in group4, group 3, and group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1 respectively (P=0.009, 0.001, 0.038). However, no significant correlation was observed between the level of Lp(a) and that of total cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid in all groups. Conclusions: these results indicate that Lp(a) concentrations are increased in the patients with diabetic nephropathy with microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria. So, the presence of albuminuria may be the important determinant for the elevated Lp(a) level in diabetic nephropathy.

24시간 요중 Catecholamine 및 그 대사산물들에 관한 임상적 고찰

은연기,김성운,양인명,김진우,김영설,김광원,최영길 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Measurements of 24-hour urinary catecholamines and their metabolites provide the most reliable screening test for pheochromocytoma. 245 patients were suspected of having pheochromocytoma clinically and 24-hour urinary VMA, metanephrine, epinephrine and norepinephrine of these patients were measured as a screening test for pheochromocytoma at the Kyung Hee Medicial Center and other hospitals, over the 4-year period from July 1984 to June 1988. We performed a retrospective study to defermane the incidence of pheochromocytoma, which is the single most reliable screening test and what are the clinical characteristics of the patients who were not confirmed as pheochromocytoma but had elevated levels of more than one item. We analyzed the data of 245 cases and the results were as follows: 1) 1.6 percent of patients who were suspected of having pheochromocytoma clinically and 1% of hypertensive patients were diagnosed as pheochromocytoma. The 24-hour urinry VMA, metanephrine, epinephrine and norepinephrine were elevated remarkably in all cases. 2) All the patients who were not confirmed as pheochromocytoma but showed elevations of 3 itmes were found to have an acute serious disease such as cerebral infarction or angina pectoris. 3) The number of patients with elevated levels of at least two items was 27 out of 245(10.9%). Among these 27 patients, the patients who were diagnosed as pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma were 4(14.8%). Therefore, it seems to be worthwhle to do fuarther evaluation in the patients with elevated levels of at least two items. 4) The elevation of norepinephrine or metanephrine seems to be more useful in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. 5) Between the three hypertensive groups(systolic, diasfolic, and both) and normotensive group, there was no significant difference in 24-hour urinary VMA, metanephrine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. There was no significant correlation between mean blood pressure and the levels of 24-hour urinary catecholamines and their metabolites. But the group of patients with elevated levels of VMA, metanephrine and epinephrine had significantly high systolic blood pressure.

지속가능발전지향 창의인성 프로그램이 유아의 도덕적 추론과 도덕적 감정에 미치는 영향

은연아(Eun, Yeon-A),서현정(Seo, Hyun-Jung),최연철(Choi, Youn-Chul) 한국어린이미디어학회 2018 한국어린이미디어학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2018 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 지속가능발전지향 창의인성 프로그램이 유아의 도덕적 추론과 도덕적 감정에 미치는 영향이 어떠한지 알아보고자 한다. 연구대상은 D시 H유치원의 만 5세 28명으로 구성된 한 학급을 실험집단으로 선정하였다. 연구의 절차는 연구자 교육, 사전검사, 지속가능발전지향 창의인성 프로그램 적용, 사후검사 순으로 총 12주 동안 진행되었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 대응표본 t-검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 지속가능발전지향 창의인성 프로그램을 실시하기 전보다 실시한 후의 도덕적 감정과 도덕적 추론은 높게 나타났으며, 유의미한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 첫째, 지속가능발전지향 창의인성 프로그램을 통해 유아의 도덕적 추론과 도덕적 감정에 긍정적인 효과를 보였으며, 도덕적 행동으로 나아갈 수 있는 기회를 제공하였다. 둘째, 지속가능발전지향 창의인성 프로그램을 통해 유아가 점차적으로 사회는 지속가능발전을 지향하며, 창의적이고 올바른 인성을 갖춘 인재로 나아갈 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to find out how the sustainable development creativitypersonality program to children"s moral reasoning and moral emotion. The subject of this study was selected as an experimental group by a class consisting of 28 students ages 5 of the H kindergarten in D. The process of this study was conducted for a total of 12 weeks, in order to train researchers, pre-test, to apply the sustainable development creativity-personality program and to conduct post-test. The data analysis in this study was conducted using the SPSS 21.0 program for a response sample t-validation. Moral resoning and moral emotion after implementation were higher than before the implementation of the sustainable development creativity-personality program and were found to have significant effects. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions can be made. First the sustainable development creativity-personality program showed positive effects on the moral reasoning and moral emotion infants, and provided opportunities for them to move on to ethical behavior. Second, it helps children gradually expand their interest from individuals to peers, families, neighbors, societies, nations and nations and become citizens as required by future societies through the sustainable development creativity-personality program.