시뮬레이션과 DEA를 이용한 최적 작업조 기반의 Cost Data Table 개발

이윤경 서울시립대학교 2011 국내석사

건설산업에서 합리적인 방법에 의해 결정된 예정가격으로 계약을 체결하는 것은 사업의 성패를 결정하는 매우 중요한 일이다. 현재 국내에서는 예정가격을 산정하는 근거로 표준품셈을 사용하고 있다. 그러나 표준품셈에서 제시하는 품이 적정성 문제와 작업조 및 생산성 정보의 부재로 인해 합리적이고 효율적으로 공사비를 산정하는데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 위의 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 건설공사의 공사비를 합리적으로 산정할 수 있도록 최적 작업조기반의 Cost Data Table을 제시하였다. 콘크리트 타설공사의 최적의 작업조를 찾아내기 위한 DEA 모형을 제안하였고, 콘크리트 타설공사를 대상으로 생산성을 분석할 수 있는 CYCLONE 모델을 개발하였다. 본 연구의 진행과정과 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 표준품셈과 관련된 기존의 연구문헌과 국외 관련제도를 분석하여, 현행 표준품셈 제도의 문제점을 파악하였다. 이에 표준품셈 제도의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 개선방향을 제시하였다. 2) 생산성 영향요인에 따른 콘크리트 타설 공종의 현장조건을 명확히하고, 그 데이터를 수집하였다. 3) 수집된 데이터를 활용하여 12가지 DMU를 설계하고 EnPAS를 이용한 DEA를 실시한 결과, 콘크리트공 5명, 보통인부 1명인 최적 배치 방안을 도출하였다. 또한, CYCLONE 모델을 개발한 뒤, 일일 타설량 346.11㎥/Daily Hours, 투입 노무시간 0.1386 Labor Hours/㎥이라는 생산성 분석 정보를 도출하였다. 4) 도출한 정보를 체계적으로 축적할 수 있는 Cost Data Table을 제시하였다. 그리고 검증대상 사례의 공사조건을 기준으로 개발된 Cost Data Table에 의해 산출된 노무량 및 작업시간과, 국내외 품셈관련제도에 의해 산출된 노무량 및 작업시간을 비교분석하였다. 전문가 면담을 통해 Cost Data Table의 실무 적용가능성을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 DEA 모형을 이용한 최적의 작업조 도출 프로세스는 다른 공종의 숙련공, 비숙련공을 구별한 최적의 작업조 정보를 도출하는데 활용이 가능하다. 또한 콘크리트 타설공사의 WebCYCLONE 모델은 공동주택 주동의 모든 콘크리트 타설공사의 생산성을 분석할 수 있는 도구로서 활용이 가능할 것이다. 하지만, 본 연구에서 제시한 콘크리트 타설공사 이외에 다른 공종은 단위작업의 분절화가 용이하지 않고, 데이터 수집단위가 크기 때문에 데이터 획득에 어려움이 있었다. 향후, 이런 점을 보완한다면 공공아파트 주동부분 건축공사의 공사비 산정 시 유용한 지표가 될 수 있을 것이다. It is critical in cost management to ensure that a contract price is reasonably derived in construction projects. South Korea currently utilizes “The standard for construction estimation(Pyo-jun-poom-sem)” as the basis for estimating Construction costs. However it is difficult to estimate a reasonable and cost-effective construction cost due to unreasonably determined costs and lack of information regarding optimal crew and productivity. Therefore, in order to solve the above mentioned problems and allow reasonable determination of construction costs, this study proposes an optimal crew based Cost Data Table. The DEA model was proposed to find the optimal crew of concrete placement and a CYCLONE model was developed to analyze concrete placement productivity. Progress and results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) To understand problems related to The standard of construction estimation, reviews of previous studies and analyzation of the U.S., Japan and U.K. systems on The standard of construction estimation was performed. The literature review allowed directions leading to solutions to this problem of The standard of construction estimated. 2) Factors affecting productivity in terms of the concrete placement was defined, and data were collected. 3) After 12 kinds of DMUs designs using the data collected, the result of DEA using EnPAS, a master plan on the optimal placement of labourers was drawn involving skilled labors of 5, low skilled labors of 1. In addition, After CYCLONE model developed, unit volume of concrete placement per day 346.11 m3/Daily Hours, unit volume of concrete placement of labor hours 0.1386 Labor Hours/m3 productivity analysis of the information was derived. 4) Cost Data Table allowing systematic accumulation of derived information was presented. And verification of the target practice was developed based on work conditions were produced by Cost Data Table labor hours and work, and related systems were produced by foreign standard of construction estimated labor hours and working hours were analyzed. The practicality of Cost Data Table was verified by experts. In this study, the optimal crew derived using DEA model units of works process of other skilled labors, low skilled labors, distinguish the best use of the crew is possible to derive information. In addition, construction of concrete placement WebCYCLONE model is applicable as a tool to analyze productivity of concrete placement of the main buildings of all multi-family housings. However other works except for placing the concrete presented in this study was not easy to divide work into unit tasks and difficult to obtain the size of the data. In the future, once these points are solved, the public portion of these different apartment building construction cost estimate will be a useful index.

한국 성인에서 흡연 및 음주와 비타민 D 수준과의 관련성

이윤경 조선대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내박사

Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and vitamin D level among Korean adults using data from the '6th(2013-2014) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey'. Methods: The data used in this study were analyzed for 3,565 people who were over the age of 19 ages and checked vitamin D level and consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods among 15,568 respondents to the '6th(2013-2014) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey'. The subjects were divided into four groups: None group(non-smoking and non-alcohol drinking), smoking only group, alcohol drinking only group and both group (smoking and alcohol drinking). The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, χ2 test and hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis using weighted composite sample analysis. Results: The mean serum vitamin D level of the subjects was 16.5±0.20ng/mL and 73.5% of vitamin D levels were insufficient and deficiency. The results from hierarchical multiple logistic regression showed that the Odds ratio for insufficient vitamin D due to smoking and alcohol drinking were significantly higher in the smoking only group 2.281(95% CI 1.080-4.817)times and both group 1.356(95% CI 1.010-1.922)times than none group. Conclusion: Our results showed the relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and vitamin D level was significant in Korean adults. Future studies, such as a more systematic cohort study investigating the relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and vitamin D level may be helpful in confirming the causal relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and vitamin D level.

아동미술교육에 관한 연구 : 창의성을 중심으로

이윤경 강릉대학교 2002 국내석사

체험학습을 위한 과학관 전시공간 계획에 관한 연구

이윤경 弘益大學校 1990 국내석사

옻나무 추출액 섭취와 운동이 흰쥐의 혈중 지질성분, 항산화능 및 면역기능에 미치는 영향

이윤경 경북대학교 대학원 2009 국내박사

본 연구는 고지방식이를 섭취한 SD계 흰쥐를 대상으로 옻나무 추출액 섭취와 규칙적인 운동이 체중과 체지방량, 혈중 지질성분, 항산화능, 사이토카인 및 면역글로불린에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 SD계 흰쥐 40마리를 대조군(CON), 운동군(EXE), 옻나무 추출액 섭취군(RVS), 운동+옻나무 추출액 섭취군(RVS-EXE)으로 구분하여 8주간 실험을 하였다. 고지방식이를 한 흰쥐를 대상으로 8주간 옻나무 추출액과 유산소성 운동을 처처한 결과, 운동군(EXE군)에서는 체중, 체지방량, TC 농도, LDL-C 농도, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR 지수의 감소가 나타났으며(p<.05), SOD와 MDA 농도에도 유의차가 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 CRP 농도가 감소하였으며, IgE의 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). 옻나무 추출액 섭취군(RVS군)에서는 체중, 체지방량, TC와 LDL-C 농도의 감소와 HDL-C 농도의 증가, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR 지수의 감소가 나타났으며(p<.05), MDA, NO 농도에도 유의차가 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 TNF-α, IL-6, CRP 농도가 감소하였으며, IgA, IgG, IgM의 농도는 유의하게 높았고, IgE의 농도는 유의하게 낮았다(p<.05). 운동과 옻나무 추출액 섭취의 복합처치군(RVS-EXE군)에서는 체중, 체지방량, TG, TC와 LDL-C 농도의 감소와 FFA의 증가, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR 지수의 감소가 나타났으며(p<.05), SOD와 MDA, NO 농도에도 유의차가 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 TNF-α, IL-6, CRP 농도가 감소하였으며, IgA, IgG의 농도는 유의하게 높았고, IgE의 농도는 유의하게 낮았다(p<.05). ALP, GOP와 GPT 수치에서 옻나무 추출액 섭취에 의한 간 독성은 나타나지 않았다. 오히려 ALP와 GPT 수치가 운동과 옻나무 추출액 섭취의 복합처치에 의해 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<.05). 본 연구에서는 운동과 옻나무 추출액 섭취의 복합처치에 따른 혈중 지질성분, 인슐린 저항성과 사이토카인의 감소, 항산화능과 면역기능 증가의 시너지 효과는 옻나무의 지방산화와 인슐린 민감성, 항산화, 항염증 작용에 의한 것으로 사료되며, 심혈관질환 및 비만, 당뇨병, 고지혈증 등 대사성질환자들에게 운동효과를 증대시키는 영양보조제로서의 긍정적인 영향을 줄 것으로 사료되며 운동과 관련된 더 많은 연구들이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes extracts ingestion and exercises on blood lipids, antioxidant capacity and immune function in rats fed on high fat diets. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; control group(CON, n=10), exercise group(EXE, n=10), Rhus verniciflua Stokes extracts ingestion group(RVS, n=10) and exercise+Rhus verniciflua Stokes extracts ingestion group (RVS-EXE, n=10). RVS and RVS-EXE groups were supplemented with Rhus verniciflua Stokes extracts(10ml/kg/day) during 8 weeks. EXE and RVS-EXE groups performed 8 weeks of exercise training on motorized treadmill(20-60 min/day, 5day/week, 5-25 m/min). In EXE group, body weight, body fat mass, TC, LDL-C, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR index was significantly decreased(p<.05) and significant difference of SOD and MDA concentration appeared as compared with the CON(p<.05). And the concentration of CRP was significantly decreased and IgE was significantly increased(p<.05). In RVS group, body weight, body fat mass, TC, LDL-C, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR was significantly reduced(p<.05), HDL-C was significantly increased(p<.05) and the significant difference of MDA and NO concentration appeared as compared with the CON(p<.05). And the concentration of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, IgE was significantly decreased and IgA, IgG, IgM was significantly increased(p<.05). In RVS-EXE group, body weight, body fat mass, neutral fat. TG, TC, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR was significantly reduced with an increase of FFA(p<.05) and the significant difference of SOD and MDA, NO concentration appeared as compared with the CON(p<.05). And the concentration of TNF-a, IL-6, CRP, IgE was significantly decreased and IgA, IgG was significantly increased(p<.05). The toxicity of the liver which is the side effect of Rhus verniciflua strokes extracts intake didn't appear in ALP, GOP and GPT. In addition, both exercise and Rhus verniciflua strokes extracts intake made ALP and GPT lower(p<.05). In this research, synergy effect of exercise and Rhus verniciflua Stokes ingestion such as the decrease of blood lipids, insulin resistance and cytokine and the increase of antioxidant capacity and immune function, is considered as a result of the fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory function of Rhus verniciflua strokes extracts intake. Thus Rhus verniciflua strokes ingestion gives metabolic syndrome patients who have cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia a positive effect as ergogenic aids that improves exercise effect and we shall do more researches related to exercises.

Polya의 문제해결단계를 적용한 초등수학 영재프로그램 개발 및 효과성 분석

이윤경 인천대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사

초등영재아동의 수학적 창의사고력 향상을 위하여 Polya의 문제해결단계를 적용한 초등영재 수학프로그램을 개발하여 적용한 뒤 아동들의 창의적 문제해결능력 향상도를 양적인 방법과 질적인 방법으로 검증하였다. 양적인 방법으로 검증한 결과는 사고능력 사전·사후검사와 수학적 창의성 사전·사후검사의 Paired t-test 결과가 모두 유의하게 나왔으며 각각의 평균 또한 상승하였다. 질적인 검증방법은 이 프로그램의 적용과정에서 나타나는 아동들의 변화를 문제해결전략의 다양성, 수학일기를 통한 창의적 문제해결능력의 향상, 최종산출물을 통해 알아본 창의적 문제해결능력의 활용, 개인면담을 통해서 살펴본 내적 변화모습을 통하여 살펴보았다. 이 프로그램을 투입 전에는 아동들의 수학적 문제해결과정에서 독창성과 정교성이 모두 많이 떨어졌으나 투입 후에는 문제를 해결할 때 다양한 전략을 활용하였다. 그러면서 한 가지 전략만 사용하는 것이 아니라 적절한 전략을 2~3개씩 통합하여 독창적인 전략을 만들어내고, 그것을 이용하여 좀 더 세련되고 깔끔한 방법으로 문제를 해결하면서 정교성이 향상되었다. 마지막으로 프로그램을 마친 후 가진 면담내용을 통하여 알아본 내적변화모습은 첫째, 아동들은 긍정적인 자아개념을 형성하였다. 둘째, 협동심과 선의의 경쟁을 통한 아동 상호간의 성장을 이루게 되었다. 셋째, 체계적인 접근을 통하여 논리성과 발표력이 향상되었다. 넷째, 반드시 해내고야 말겠다는 과제집착력이 비약적으로 성장하였다. 다섯째, 다양한 상황에 맞는 해법을 찾아 그것을 해결 할 수 있는 창의사고력이 신장되었다. 여섯째, 자만심을 버리고 성실히 노력할 수 있게 되었다. 끝으로 배움 자체의 즐거움을 알게 되었으며, 그것을 통해서 앞으로 더 발전될 가능성을 지니게 되었다. The study developed an elementary mathematics program for gifted children using Polya's phases of problem-solving in order to enhance mathematical creative thinking ability of gifted elementary school students. The study verified improvement in creative problem solving ability in both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of paired t-test showed that the students' creative thinking ability increased significantly. The mean scores for the mathematical creative thinking test also increased and paired t-test showed the statistically significant differences. For qualitative verification, the study examined the effect of the program through diversity of problem-solving methods of the students, changes in creative problem-solving ability through math log, application of creative approach based on the final outcomes and personal interviews. Before the application of the program, students showed low level of originality and accuracy in solving mathematical problems. The program helped them to adopt various strategies in approaching the problems. The students combined a couple of strategies to create an original method to solve the problems in a more sophisticated and tidy manner, which also improved the accuracy. Finally, the study conducted personal interviews that showed the following results. First, the students formed positive self-concept. Second, the cooperation and competition helped students to improve higher level thinking skills. Third, the systematic approach improved logical ability and presentation skills of the students. Fourth, the program encouraged the students to have stronger resolution to solve the problems. Fifth, creative thinking ability was fortified to help students to seek a suitable solution under a given circumstance. Sixth, the students discarded arrogant attitude and showed more earnest effort. Finally, the students discovered the joy of learning itself, which will bring further development to them.

여성 패션의 문화정체성 연구 : 일제강점기 후반 조선 영화에 나타난 여성 패션

이윤경 단국대학교 대학원 2016 국내박사

By analyzing women’s fashion in movies produced in Joseon during the wartime period (1937–1945), this research examines the process of the transformation of cultural identity in women’s fashion. In colonial Joseon, women’s fashion was influenced by Japanese colonization; as such, it exhibited the overlapping processes of the formation of national identity, indoctrination with the colonial view of history, and forced adoption of citizenship. During the wartime period, Western imperialism was supplanted as an ideology by a Japanese ideology of Orientalism; Japan justified waging war by upholding the value of the creation of a new world order in the East. As a result, it absolutely denied traditions that were considered to hinder the modernization of colonial Joseon; based on this denial, Japanese culture was self-affirmed as positive and the notion of Japan unearthing Eastern culture was advanced. In the film industry of colonial Joseon, regional traditions were redirected to become tools of propaganda. Under the film production system in Joseon at the time, Japan would send content and colonial Joseon would only receive it. Joseon films were a tool for Japan to rouse and colonize the people of Joseon; these intentions were evidenced in detail through the medium of fashion as it appeared in films. Chapter II examines women’s fashion in films from Joseon during the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1939) to identify the symbolic meaning of Joseon culture. Chapter III reveals how women’s fashion in Joseon films came to resemble that among the Japanese due to forced nationalization during the period in which Japan invaded Southeast Asia (1940–1941). Chapter IV describes how Joseon women’s fashion became a tool of propaganda as a result of Japan’s strengthened war footing during the Pacific War period. During the Sino-Japanese War, Joseon’s film industry gave Joseon’s traditional culture and Japan’s repositioning in the East symbolic meaning. Joseon women’s traditional clothes were used in films as a medium for the commercialization of Joseon. It was a time of tightening Japanese censorship; in film scenes, Joseon women were consistently depicted as wearing traditional clothes through which people were made aware of fashion elements that were banned or required improvement. By making Joseon women in films wear Joseon clothes representative of tradition, Joseon culture was commercialized and clothes were standardized. During the period in which Japan invaded Southeast Asia, Japan announced its “Korea and Japan are one” policy and subjected Koreans to assimilation. Superficially, Joseon women’s fashion appeared to formally accord with traditional Joseon clothes, but in reality, major fashion elements were derived from the fashion of Japanese women and Westernized Japanese women. The curved lines that used to appear in the outlines and detailed structures of clothes gradually disappeared and were straightened. The expression of patterns and the use of accessories became assimilated with that among Japanese women. A colonial view of history that had been injected into Joseon women appeared in the form of fashion. During the Pacific War, all of Joseon was forced to participate in supporting the war; it came to resemble a massive military barracks. The film industry in Joseon was taken under Japanese control and came to only produce propaganda films. In the films, mothers in traditional Joseon clothes were used as tools to induce emotional assimilation among Joseon soldiers. This study also confirmed that women in national clothing and working clothes were featured to depict the mobilization of women as workers during the war. In analyzing women’s fashion in films from the wartime period in colonial Joseon, this research was not limited to the analysis of the development of fashion; fashion was also analyzed from the viewpoints of society and culture. Understanding film as a medium by which the fashion of Joseon women was reproduced enabled the extraction of a more three-dimensional analysis. In addition, new light was shed on perceptions of women pursued by the Joseon film industry and filmmakers of the time. The study opens up the possibility of expanding the meaning of film as media and the scope of research regarding modern women’s fashion. 본 연구는 전시체제기(1937~1945) 제작된 조선 영화에 나타난 여성 패션 분석을 통해 여성 패션의 문화정체성이 변화되어 간 과정을 고찰했다. 식민지기 조선의 여성 패션이 일제에 의해 식민화 되는 과정에는 민족 주체의 성립, 식민사관의 주입, 국민 되기의 강제가 교차했던 과정이 포함되어 있다. 전시체제기는 당시 서구 제국주의 지배 이념이 일제의 동양주의 이념으로 대체되었던 시기로, 일제는 동양 지역의 신질서 수립의 기치 아래 전쟁을 정당화하였다. 이로 인해 식민지 조선에서 근대화를 저해한다고 여겼던 전통에 대한 절대 부정은 일제의 동양문화 발굴에 편승하여 자국 문화에 대한 자기 긍정으로 변화하였다. 식민지 조선의 영화계에서는 지역적인 전통지향성의 위한 프로파간다의 도구로 전환되었다. 이 시기 조선에서 영화계 구조의 제도화는 일제가 발신한 내용을 식민지 조선이 수신하는 형태를 갖고 있었다. 이처럼 조선 영화는 일제의 발화 도구로서 조선 민중을 식민화 하는 기능을 하였고, 이는 영화 속 패션을 매개로 표상되어 구체화되었다. 본고는 Ⅱ장에서 중일전쟁기(1937~1939) 조선 영화 속 여성 패션을 통한 조선 문화의 상징화를 밝혔다. Ⅲ장에서 동남아침략기(1940~1941) 조선 영화에서는 국민화에 의해 여성 패션이 일본 여성화 되어 있었다. Ⅳ장에서 태평양전쟁기(1943~1945) 전시체제 강화로 인해 조선 여성 패션은 선전선동을 위해 도구화 되어 나타났다. 중일전쟁기 식민지 조선의 영화계는 일제의 동양권의 위치 재정립에 따라 조선적인 전통 문화에 상징적 의미를 부여하였고, 영화에서 여성의 전통 조선옷은 조선적인 것을 상품화하기 위한 매개체로 작용하였다. 일제의 검열이 강화되기 시작했던 이 시기에 조선 여성의 패션은 전통 조선옷을 착용하고 있었고, 이를 통해 착용이 금지되었거나 개선 대상이었던 패션 요소가 재출현된 것을 알 수 있었다. 영화 속에서 조선 여성이 전통을 상징하는 조선옷을 착용함으로서 조선 문화를 상품화하고 조선옷을 정형화하고 있었다. 동남아침략기 일제는 조선 민중을 대상으로 내선일체 강령을 채택하여 동화정책을 실시했다. 조선 여성 패션은 표면적으로는 전통 조선옷의 골격을 유지하는 것처럼 비춰졌지만, 실제로는 주요 패션 요소들이 일본 여성의 패션과 서구화된 일본 여성 패션을 닮아갔다. 전통 조선옷이 지닌 윤곽과 세부 구조에서 나타났던 곡선적 미감은 점차 사라져 직선적 형태를 띠었고, 문양의 표현이나 장신구의 사용에 있어서도 일본 여성을 닮아갔다. 조선 여성에게 주입됐던 식민사관이 패션으로 표상되어 나타난 것이다. 태평양전쟁기 조선 전역은 일제의 전쟁 수행에 동참되어 병영화되어 갔으며, 조선 영화계는 통폐합되어 일제의 통제 하에 선전선동을 위한 영화를 제작하였다. 영화에서 전통 조선옷 차림의 어머니는 조선 장병의 정서적 동화를 이끌어내기 위한 도구로 사용되었다. 또한 조선 여성의 국민복, 작업복 차림을 통해 여성이 전쟁 수행을 위해 노동 인력으로 동원되었음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 전시체제기 기간 동안 식민지 조선의 영화 매체에 나타난 여성 패션을 분석함에 있어서 패션을 조형적 관점에 국한시키지 않고 사회문화적 시각으로 확장하여 진행하였다. 영화 매체를 조선 여성 패션의 재현체계로써 적용하여 보다 입체적인 분석 결과를 도출할 수 있었다. 또한 이 시기 조선영화계와 조선 영화인들이 추구했던 여성에 대한 인식을 재조명할 수 있었다. 이로 인해 영화 매체가 지닌 의미의 확장을 시도하면서 근대 여성 패션 연구의 범위를 확장하고 대상을 확대할 수 있는 가능성을 열어 두었다.

조현병 환자를 대상으로 한 미술치료사의 경험 연구

이윤경 영남대학교 환경보건대학원 2016 국내석사

인공 실험실을 위한 중화 적정 실험의 코스웨어 구현

이윤경 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 1994 국내석사

신발의 형태가 노인의 보행과 근 활성도에 미치는 영향

이윤경 대구대학교 대학원 2007 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of footwear on gait and EMG activation of muscles in older adults. The footwear consists of loafer with fixation and mule and slipper without fixation. Twenty one female older adults voluntarily participated in this study. Each participant walked on the gait system GAITRite and measured EMG RMS activation of muscles at the same time. And the participants wore loafer, mule, slipper randomly. We measured stance time, swing time, heel-to-heel BOS, double support time, velocity, cadence, FAP as temporal-spatial gait parameters and tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris as EMG RMS activation. The results were as follows: 1. The stance time increased as loafer, mule, barefoot, slipper orderly. And there was a significant difference statistically(p<.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was a significant difference between loafer and slipper. 2. The swing time increased as slipper, barefoot, mule, loafer orderly. And there was a significant difference statistically(p<.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was a significant difference between slipper and loafer. 3. The heel-to-heel BOS increased as barefoot, loafer, mule, slipper orderly. And there was a significant difference statistically(p<.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was a significant difference between mule and slipper, barefoot and slipper, barefoot and loafer. 4. The double support time increased as barefoot, loafer, mule, slipper orderly. But there was not a significant difference statistically(p>.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was not a significant difference between footwear type. 5. The velocity increased as slipper, mule, loafer, barefoot orderly. But there was not a significant difference statistically(p>.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was not a significant difference between footwear type. 6. The cadence increased as slipper, mule, loafer, barefoot orderly. But there was not a significant difference statistically(p>.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was not a significant difference between footwear type. 7. The FAP increased as slipper, mule, bare foot, loafer orderly. But there was not a significant difference statistically(p>.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was not a significant difference between footwear type. 8. The EMG RMS of tibialis anterior increased loafer, barefoot, mule, slipper orderly. And there was a significant difference statistically(p<.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was a significant difference between loafer and barefoot. 9. The EMG RMS of gastrocnemius medialis increased slipper, mule, loafer, barefoot orderly. But there was not a significant difference statistically(p>.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was not a significant difference between footwear type. 10. The EMG RMS of rectus femoris increased mule, slipper, loafer, barefoot orderly. But there was not a significant difference statistically(p>.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was not a significant difference between footwear type. 11. The EMG RMS of biceps femoris increased slipper, mule, barefoot, loafer orderly. And there was a significant difference statistically(p<.05) according to footwear type. According to the Tukey contrast test, there was a significant difference between slipper and loafer.