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이호영(Ho Yung Lee),한승희(Seung Hee Han),정현철(Hyun Cheol Chung),황성철(Sung Chul Hwang),이영식(Young Sik Lee),조준구(Jun Koo Cho),한대석(Dae Suk Han) 대한내과학회 1988 대한내과학회지 Vol.34 No.2
N/A It is well known that thromboembolic complication can develop in patients with nephrotic syndrome. The precise mechanism for this complication is not clear yet, but several clotting disorders may be operable in combination to induce the hypercoagulable state espicially in nephrotic syndrome with predisposing factors. The authors reviewed 474 patients with nephrotic syndrome who admitted to Severance Hosipal from January 1980 to April 1987 and the following results were obtained. 1) The incidence of thromboembolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome was 3% with 14 cases among 474 cases of nephrotic syndrome. This complication developed most commonly in patients with membranous nephropathy with 13% among 46 cases. 2) Venous thrombosis were noted in 12 cases and aterial thrombosis in 2 cases of all 14 cases of these complications. Renal vein thrombosis was the most common type with 6 cases (43%). 3) The demonstrable precipitating conditions to this thromboembolic complication were membranous nephropathy in 6 cases (43%) and long-term use of diuretics in 4 cases (28.8%). 4) The clotting tests revealed increased fibrinogen level and decreased antithrombin III, but platelet counts, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were within normal limits. 5) Almost all patients with this complication improved considerably with conservative treatment including anticoagulants but amputation in a patient with arterial thrombosis and nephrectomy in a patient with extensive renal vein thrombosis were needed and a patient died of massive pulmonary thromboembolism. In conclusion, although the incidence of acute massive thromboembolism is not so high in nephrotic syndrome it is necessary to give a full attention to detect this complication at early stage for the reduction of morbidity and mortality in the patients with nephrotic syndrome.
김상구,류동춘,이영식,손진언 한국환경과학회 1995 한국환경과학회지 Vol.4 No.5
This study was carried out to evaluate the variations of headloss rate and of specific deposit to depths with effective size of media and configuration of filter layer during algae blooming period. 0.51㎜ size media was disqualified because most of headloss occurred rapidly below 5㎝ from surface layer. however 0.91㎜ size media acted deep filtration more than 20㎝ from top, as result 0.91㎜ size media filter had 2∼3 times longer filtration time than 0.51㎜ size media filter, but 0.91㎜ size media have break-through potentiality. multi-layer filter with 1.02㎜ anthracite and 0.51㎜ sand had large deposit volume in upper layer that could longer filtration time, moreover smaller media in lower layer that could protect break-through.