國際人道法 履行에 관한 圓卓會議 參加報告

李順天(Soon-Chun Lee) 大韓赤十字社 人道法硏究所 2001 人道法論叢 Vol.- No.21

가다랑어 내장의 효율적인 이용방법 개발에 관한 연구

이순천(Lee Soon Chun),우강융(Woo Kang Lyung) 한국식품과학회 1992 한국식품과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

ICJ의 보스니아 Genocide 판결 및 평가

李順天(Soon Chun Lee) 대한국제법학회 2007 國際法學會論叢 Vol.52 No.2

국제사법재판소(ICJ)는 지난 1993년에 보스니아-헤르체고비나정부가 신유고연방(세르비아-몬테네그로)정부를 상대로 ICJ에 제기한 보스니아에서의 “Genocide 예방 및 처벌에 관한 협약“의 적용 문제에 대하여 2007.2.26 아래 요지와 같이 판결하였다 첫째, 세르비아는 관습법상 국가에 그 책임이 귀속되는 국가기관 또는 그 구성원에 의하여 genocide의 공모?선동행위를 하지 않았으며, 또한 genocide의 공범이 아님. 둘째, 세르비아는 1995.7. Srebrenica에서 발생한 genocide관련, Genocide협약상 예방 의무를 위반하였음. 셋째, 세르비아는 구유고형사재판소(ICTY)에 의하여 genocide혐의로 기소된 R.Mladic 등을 ICTY에 인도할 의무를 위반한 바, 세르비아는 동 기소자들을 ICTY에 인도하고, ICTY에 적극 협력하여야 함. ICJ는 보스니아가 1993년에 소송을 제기한 이후 동년 4월 및 9월 genocide예방을 위한 잠정조치(provisional measures)를 명하였고, 1996.7. 세르비아측이 제기한 ICJ의 관할권에 대한 선결적 항변에 대한 결정 및 2003.2. 다시 세르비아측이 제기한 관할권 확인에 대한 수정 요청 등에 관한 결정 등의 조치를 취하였으며, 이러한 과정에서 조약에 대한 국가승계, 유엔에서의 회원국지위의 승계 등과 관련 주목할 만한 결정을 내리게 되었다. ICJ의 이 판결은 ICJ가 1948년에 채택된 Genocide협약을 국가간의 관계에 최초로 직접 적용하여 국가가 genocide 예방 및 처벌에 관한 책임을 질뿐만 아니라 직접 또는 간접적으로 genocide를 행하여서는 아니 될 의무가 있음을 확인하였다. 판결은 또한 동 협약상의 국가책임 및 국가가 genocide를 범하지 않을 의무에 대한 법적 불확실성을 제거하고, 국가책임문제를 명확히 한 것에 큰 의의를 부여할 수 있다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 ICJ의 결정이 소송 제기에서 판결까지 14년이나 소요되었으며, 그간 ICTY에서의 재판을 통하여 Srebrenica에서 genocide범죄가 행하여졌음이 법적으로 확립되었음에도 불구하고, ICJ가 동 재판 과정에서 형사소송법상의 증거규칙을 엄격히 적용하여 다소 절충적인 판결을 내린 것이 아닌가 하는 국제사회 일부의 평가가 있는 것도 사실이다. 또한 1996년 관할권 확인 판결시에는 ICJ가 Genocide 협약상의 권리?의무를 “대세적 권리?의무(rights and obligations erga omnes)라고 하였음에도 본안 심리시에는 동 협약의 강행법규(jus cogens)로서의 성격 및 이에 따른 “대세적 권리와 의무”임을 선언하지 않은 것은 아쉬운 면이 아닐 수 없다. 그럼에도 ICJ의 판결은 향후 이 분야의 국제법 특히 국제형사법 및 국제인도법의 발전에 획기적인 계기가 될 것으로 평가된다. 이제 ICJ가 동 판결을 내린 이상 세르비아의 판결 의무이행이 중요하며, 이를 위하여 유럽연합뿐 아니라 유엔 및 유엔 안보리 차원에서도 적극적인 관심과 주의 환기가 필요할 것이다. The International Court of Justice(ICJ), through its judgement on 26 February 2007 on the application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide between Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia, has found, among others, the following. 1) Serbia has not committed genocide. It has not conspired to commit genocide, nor incited the commission of genocide. It also has not been complicit in genocide, in violation of the Genocide Convention. 2) Serbia has violated the obligation to prevent genocide, in respect of the genocide that occurred in Srebrenica in July 1995. 3) Serbia has violated its obligation under the Convention by having failed to transfer Ratko Mladic, indicted for genocide and complicity in genocide, for trial by the International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia(ICTY), and thus having failed fully to cooperate with that Tribunal. Bosnia instituted proceedings against Serbia to ICJ in March 1993 on the basis of Article IX of the Genocide Convention during the most ferocious and horrific conflicts in the wake of the break-up of former Yugoslavia. In April and September 1993, ICJ issued Order of Provisional Measures to prevent commission of the crime of genocide. In July 1996, it also delivered its judgement on the preliminary objections by Serbia and found that it had jurisdictions and that the application filed by Bosnia was admissable. Again in February 2003, ICJ found that the application for revision of its judgement in 1996 by Serbia was inadmissable. Through these preliminary judgements, ICJ was required to consider the question of state succession in respect of treaties and also the question of the continuity of state in relation to the membership of the United Nations. ICJ’s judgement is the first case of the application of the Genocide Convention of 1948 to the relations between states. The Court confirmed that under the Convention Contracting Parties were not only obligated to prevent commission of genocide and punish those who were responsible for it but they were bound not to commit genocide through the actions of their organs or persons or groups whose acts were attributable to them. ICJ also recognized the state responsibility for genocide and complicity. However, it is noteworthy that it took 14 years for the Court to deliver the judgement on the merits. Critics also say that ICJ has applied the same rules of evidence under the criminal law proceedings in civil case, thereby compromising its judgement. The Court initially in 1996 was of the view that the rights and obligations enshrined by the Convention were rights and obligations erga omnes. But it has not developed that concept of erga omnes on the merits. The decision of ICJ could surely contribute further to the progressive development of law, particularly in the field of international criminal law and international humanitarian law. For an early and effective implementation of the judgement by Serbia, the United Nations and the European Union, in relation to the negotiation for the possible membership of Serbia to the EU, are required to closely cooperate.

일 유출모형의 물수지 분석에 의한 지하수 함양량 추정

이덕주 ( Lee Duk-joo ),이호천 ( Lee Ho-chun ),이순광 ( Lee Soon-kwang ),김태철 ( Kim Tai-cheol ) 한국농공학회 2003 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2003 No.-

This research developed a method for the estimation of groundwater recharge by yielding daily soil moisture content and watershed evapotranspiration from the water balance concept of the unsaturated and saturated layers in rainfall-runoff model called DAWAST. The goal of the research is to estimate the groundwater recharge fulfilling conditions of the safe discharge for any season. To meet this goal, the data of groundwater level and stream flow rate have been monitored in a study area and used to validate the model.

금속 패턴이 기판에 인쇄된 유전체 칩 안테나

이제선(Jae-Sun Lee),서윤덕(Yoon-Dug Seo),이순천(Soon-Chun Lee),방재훈(Jae-Hoon Bang),안병철(Bierng-Chearl Ahn) 한국정보기술학회 2010 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.8 No.8

In this paper, we propose a dielectric chip antenna with its metal patterns printed on a circuit board. In a typical dielectric chip antenna, metal patterns are formed on the surface or interior of a material block of high dielectric constant. In this paper, metal patterns of a dielectric chip antenna are printed on the circuit board where the chip antenna is to be mounted, and a dielectric material block is placed on top of metal patterns, resulting in a low-cost dielectric chip antenna structure. Antenna electrode patterns are printed on a 33×30㎜ FR-4 substrate, which are then covered with a dielectric material of size 12×5×0.4㎜ and dielectric constant 22, resulting in a structure equivalent to a dielectric chip antenna with metal patterns formed on the bottom surface. The optimum design of the antenna is obtained using a commercial software. The designed antenna is fabricated and tested. The fabricated antenna shows a reflection coefficient less than -10㏈ over 225㎒ bandwidth centered at 2.45㎓, a maximum gain of 1.98㏈i, an average gain of -0.19㏈i, and a maximum- to-minimum gain difference of 9.98㏈.

저주파 자극처치가 중년 비만여성의 신체조성, 인체둘레 및 혈중지질에 미치는 영향

성봉주 ( Bong Ju Sung ),박동호 ( Dong Ho Park ),고병구 ( Byoung Goo Ko ),김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ),이명천 ( Myung Chun Lee ),윤성원 ( Sung Won Youn ),이순호 ( Soon Ho Lee ),김순기 ( Soon Ki Kim ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2005 체육과학연구 Vol.16 No.4

저주파 자극처치가 신체조성, 인체둘레 및 혈중지질변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 30-40대 중년 비만여성 38명을 4집단(1집단-저주파집단 10명, 2집단-유산소운동집단 10명, 3집단-저주파+유산소운동집단 9명, 4집단-통제집단 9명)으로 구분하여 8주 동안 실험을 진행하였다. 저주파 처치집단은 8주, 주당 3회, 1회당 66분의 저주파 자극처치를 실시하였고, 운동처치집단은 8주, 주당 3회, 1회당 만보걷기를 실시케 하였다. 측정변인으로는 신체조성변화를 위해 체중, 체지방률, BMI, 체지방량, 골격근량, 제지방체중 등을 관찰하였고, 신체둘레 변화 관찰을 위해 허리둘레, 엉덩이 둘레, WHR을 측정하였다. 혈중지질 관련 변인은 TC, TG, TC/HDL, LDL-C, HDL-C을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 저주파, 운동, 저주파와 걷기집단이 공통적으로 체중, 체지방률, BMI에서 각각 유의한 감소변화가 나타났다. 그 외 체지방량, 골격근량, 제지방체중에서는 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 사전을 공변인으로 한 제지방체중의 변화에서는 유산소운동집단에서만 유의한 제지방체중의 증가가 나타났다. 허리둘레변화에서는 저주파, 운동, 저주파와 운동 혼합집단이 각각 유의한 감소변화가 나타났고, WHR에서는 유산소운동집단과 저주파와 유산소운동 혼합 집단이 각각 유의한 감소변화가 나타났으며 사전을 공변인으로 한 허리둘레와 WHR의 변화에서는 유산소운동 집단만 유의한 감소변화가 각각 나타났다. 혈중지질 변인 중 TC, TG, TC/HDL HDL에서 각각 네집단 모두 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. LDL에서는 8주 후에 네 집단 모두에서 각각 유의한 증가가 나타났다. 따라서 저주파 자극기의 8주 동안 처치는 걷기운동과 더불어 체지방관련 변인(체중, 체지방률, BMI)과 체형(허리둘레, WHR)에서 유의한 감소변화가 나타났으며, 혈중지질에서는 네 집단 모두 LDL에서만 유의한 증가가 나타나 혈중지질보다는 신체조성에 더욱 긍정적 효과가 나타났다. 또한, 저주파 자극처치의 횟수를 주당 3회 이상, 기간을 8주 이상으로 늘이고 식이조절을 병행한다면 체지방관련 변인의 긍정적 효과는 더욱 크리라 기대되며 저주파나 유산소 운동의 단독처치보다는 저주파와 유산소 운동의 복합처치가 더욱 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of 8 weeks of low-functional electrical stimulation and its comparison with functional electrical stimulation during the exercise on body composition, blood lipids of obese middle-aged women. The subject of this study were 38 obese women. They are divided into four groups; functional electrical stimulation group (ES, 10) exercise group (EX, 10), functional electrical stimulation & exercise group (ES+EX, 9), control group (CO, 9). Functional electrical stimulation which was done to ES and ES+EE group was complished to part of abdominal for 66min/day, 3day/week and 8week using a electric stimulator. Exercise program was composed sport walking for 80min/day, 3days/week and 8week. The body weight and body fat ratio were significantly decrease in the ES group, EX group and ES+EX group after 8week. The body mass index(IBM) were significantly decrease in the EX group and ES+EX group after 8week. The body waist ratio were significantly decrease in the ES group, EX group and ES+EX group after 8week. The body Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) was significantly decrease in the ES+EX group after 8week. The TC, TG and TC/HDL-C were not significantly decrease in all groups after 8week. The LDL-C were significantly increase in all groups after 8week. The HDL-C were inregulary change in ES+EX group after 4week and 8week. Therefore it is suggested that low-functional electrical stimulation during exercise using more efficient method to improve body weight loss, body fat ratio, BMI loss, waist circumference loss and WHR loss.

급성 하지 동맥폐색증의 임상적 고찰

정상영,최수진나,이순천,배문오,김신곤 대한혈관외과학회 2000 Vascular Specialist International Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The major source of acute peripheral arterial occlusion has been embolization hom the heart. However overall improvement in medical care have increased life spans, resulting in significant increase in the incidence of systemic atherasclerosis and thrombotic occlusion of peripheral vessels. Recently, occlusion from in situ thrombosis has surpassed occlusion from embolization as the major cause of acute arterial occlusion. The introduction of the balloon catheter technique in 1963 dramatically simplified the technical aspect of surgical therapy for acute arterial occlusion and it became the main modality of the therapy. Recently, numerous reports have documented increased identification of intralutninal defects after arterial surgery using angioscopy as compared with those using intraoperative arteriography, and for this reason, the use of intraluminal angioscopy has grown in popularity. Methods: We analyzed clinical characteristics and treatment results in patients with acute arterial occlusion. The variables studied include location, etiology, time interval from occurrence of occlusion to performance of thromboembolectomy. Results: There were 41 men and 4 women and most prevalent nge group was in 7th decades. The causes of acute arterial occlusion were embolism in 21 cases (46.7%), thrombosis in 24 cases (53.3%), The primary source of embolism was heart in 20 cases as a result of ischemic heart disease (n-ll, 52.4%) and atrial fibrillation (n 9, 42.9%). Two patients in embolic group died of cardiogenic shock and were in shorter duration group ($lt;24 hours). Iliac arterial occlusion group was associated with highest amputation rate (23.1%). Amputation rates were 12.5% for thromboembolectomy perfonned within 24 hours of onset of symptoms, and 17.4% when performed after 48 hours. We used angioscopic teclmique in limited cases of 5 patients to detect residual thrombus, intimal flap and other intraluminal defects. Conclusion: To improve outcome, early diagnosis and early treatment are essential. Direct visualization of the arterial lumen with angioscopy during thromboembolectomy procedure would provide a more reliable method of assessing luminal morphologic characteristics than angiography alone.