Deletion Polymorphism of UGT2B17 and Its Relation to Lung Cancer

Se-Ra Lee(이세라),Myoung Hyun Ahn(안명현),So-Young Seol(설소영),Ji-Sun Lee(이지선),Chung-Nam Chung(정정남),Sun-Hee Leem(임선희) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Glucuronidation은 NNAL [4-(methylnitrosamno)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol]의 주요 pathway이며, UGT2B의 family인 UGT2B17 (UGT, uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase) 유전자는 발암원의 glucuronidation에 관여한다. UGT2B17 결손은 NNAL의 감소 수준과 특정 암에 있어 위험도를 증가시킨다. UGT2B17 유전자의 copy 수는 사람에서 개인별로 0∼2로 다양하다. 본 연구에서는 UGT2B17 결손이 폐암의 위험도와 연관성을 가지는 가를 알아보기 위해 한국인인 271명의 대조군과 176명의 폐암환자의 샘플로 PCR 방법으로 CNV를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 현재까지 보고된 백인과 흑인에 비해 한국인에서 결실 대립형질이 현저히 높게 나타났다. 백인에서 유전자 두 개 모두가 결실된 0 copy 수가 약 10%를 나타낸 것에 비해, 본 연구의 한국인에서는 0 copy 수가 약 74%를 나타내었다. 더욱이 양 쪽 결실이 여성그룹에서 전반적으로 남성그룹에 비해 높게 나타났다. 그러나 UGT2B17 유전자가 CNV와 폐암과의 연관성은 찾을 수 없었다. 이러한 결과는 UGT2B17 유전자의 결실이 폐암의 감수성과는 연관되어 있지 않으나, UGT2B17 CNV 다형성이 인종간의 진화적 분석의 유용한 마커로 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. Glucuronidation is a major pathway for NNAL [4-(methylnitrosamno)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol] and UGT2B17 (UGT, uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase) is from the UGT2B family that glucuronidates carcinogens. UGT2B17 deletion was associated with decreased levels of NNAL and with increased risk of some cancers. The UGT2B17 gene varies in copy number from zero to two per individual in humans. To examine whether UGT2B17 gene deletion is associated with the risk of lung cancer, we investigated copy number variants (CNV) in 271 cancer-free controls and 176 cases of lung cancer in Koreans by a PCR-based method. The frequency of the UGT2B17 deleted alleles was much higher than in other Caucasian and African-American groups which have already been reported. While only up to 10% of Caucasians have zero copies of the gene, up to 74% of Koreans in this study showed that both copies of the gene were deleted. Furthermore, the overall frequency of this dual deletion in female groups was higher than in male groups. However, there was no association between CNV in UGT2B17 and lung cancer. This result suggested that the UGT2B17 deletion allele was not associated with the susceptibility of lung cancers in the Korean group. However, this UGT2B17 CNV polymorphism may be a useful marker for evolutionary analysis among races.

경기도 민통선이북지역 주민과공무원의 자연환경보전에 대한 인식 및 태도분석

이세라 ( Se Ra Lee ),맹희주 ( Hee Ju Maeng ),박은진 ( Eun Jin Park ) 한국환경생태학회 2009 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.23 No.3

민통선이북지역은 주민들의 열악한 생활환경 개선을 위한 지역개발이냐 자연환경보전이냐의 상반되는 의견으로 끊임없는 논란을 야기시켰다. 이에 본 연구는 민통선이북지역에 거주하고 있는 주민들과 공무원들의 민통선 일원의 자연환경에 대한 인식과 자연환경보전 및 개발에 대한 태도를 알아보기 위해 파주시와 연천군 민통선지역 주민 265명과 시·군공무원 285명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 주민과 공무원들은 민통선 일원의 우수한 자연경관과 자연환경 및 다양한 생물종 보유에 대해 긍정적으로 인식하며 이에 대한 자부심과 긍지가 높은 것으로 나타났고, 자연환경은 많이 훼손되어 잘 보전되지 못한 것으로 인식하고 있으며 특히 연천지역 주민은 더 그렇다고 응답했다. 전체적으로 주민들이 자연환경보전을 우선시하거나 최소한 보전과 조화를 이룬 개발을 원하는 것으로 파악되었고, 지역 공무원들 또한 지역의 발전을 위한 희생적인 태도가 강한 것으로 파악되어 민통선지역에 대한 지속가능발전의 인식 토대는 긍정적인 것으로 평가되었다. 지역별로 처한 상황에 따라 주민과 공무원간의 의견차이가 유의미하게 나타났는데 파주지역의 경우 주민들이 지역개발을 더 원하는 데 비하여 공무원들은 환경훼손에 대한 우려와 자연환경보전 의지가 상대적으로 더 높아 갈등이 예상되었다. 향후 지역개발과 자연환경보전의 목표를 동시에 달성하기 위하여 자연환경에 대한 학술조사와 함께 주민의 의사를 충분히 반영하고 조화롭게 진행되도록 지역주민의 생활환경에 대한 심층적이고 지속적인 연구가 요구된다. The objective of the study is to examine the perception of the residents in the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) and the competent local government officials for nature conservation and local development. A survey was conducted on 265 residents as well as 285 government officials from Paju and Yeoncheon Municipals. Both residents and officials perceived the value of biodiversity, natural ecosystem and landscape in the CCZ and seemed to have a sense of pride regarding it. However, they conceived that nature has not been conserved properly and residents in Yeoncheon showed more concern on this matter than residents in Paju. Overall, residents were more devoted to nature conservation or perceived the importance of accordance with nature conservation in local development, which implicates the sound foundation of perception and good prospect for sustainable development in CCZ. Owing to the difference in situation, there was a significant difference in perception between residents and officials. There is a possibility of conflict in Paju because residents desired more local development, whereas officials showed more purpose for nature conservation. In order to achieve simultaneously local development and nature conservation in CCZ, we should pay special attention to studies on living standards of local residents and scientific surveys on natural resources.

어린이 정원 조성을 위한 이용자 요구도 조사

이세라(Lee Se-Ra),진혜영(Jin Hye-Young),맹희주(Maeng Hee-Ju) 한국환경교육학회 2007 環境 敎育 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the future users of a children's garden felt about the designing and operation of the children's garden, which is to be constructed within Korea National Arboretum. For this study, a total of 1,855 elementary school children were selected and then classified by sex and grade. The survey had been carried out to examine the following five items: necessity and advantages of the garden, plants suitable for it, artificial facilities required for it, its space structure, programs necessary for educational activities, and operation programs. The results are as follows: 1. Necessity and advantages of the children's garden: Some 87.7% of respondents said the garden is needed, it would serve for environmental preservation, it would function as a resting place, and it would have educational effect; 2. Plants suitable for it: Uncommon plants which have flowers of several colors; 3. Artificial facilities required for it: Places for experience and rest; 4. Programs necessary for educational activities: maze experiencing and gardening; and 5. Operation programs: Some 86.3% of the respondents said they are needed. They thought educational programs providing the activities of experiencing would be preferable. This study provides basic materials for the planning and designing of the children's garden. When constructing the garden, we should have enough prior discussion for the matters listed above. Furthermore, it is needed to develop several educational programs for efficient operation and management.

DMZ 일원 생태체험교육 프로그램 운영 실태 및 개선 방안에 대한 연구

이세라(Se-Ra Lee),맹희주(Hee-Ju Maeng) 한국환경교육학회 2012 環境 敎育 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate improvement plans and actual conditions and satisfaction of eco-experience education programs around DMZ district targeting participants of the「PEEP your DMZ」program. The results are as follows. First, in spite of the fact that educational programs for nature exploration and experience to enhance both the importance of environmental education and the educational applicability of ecological experience learning have spreaded out, 59.9 percent of participants have no experience to take part in the relevant programs. Second, the high educational satisfaction of those who participate in ecological experience programs is generally confirmed. Also, though the satisfaction on human resources involved in ecological experience programs and guidebook convenience is high, the satisfaction on the facility utilization is mostly low. Third, the study shows that DMZ district is effective for the awareness intensification as a biosphere conservation area, the awareness intensification of sense of national security and the historical understanding intensification on the separation of Korean peninsula. Fourth, though the pride on superiority of natural landscape and unique ecological conservational state is high, the recognition on the inhabitation of rare plant and animal species is low. Besides, the recognition on the natural environment conservation is very strong and participants are well aware of the necessity of legal and institutional protection of the biosphere. Fifth, participants perceive the values as a source to understand the geographical value of DMZ district, unique natural landscape, the inspection of unusual biosphere and the history and culture of separation as the biggest advantage of the ecological experience educational programs. Therefore, we must consider program variability and originality when developing DMZ ecological experience educational programs and also continue endeavor for the qualitative improvement in order to intensify educational contents and theories.

C57BL/6 마우스에서 기능성 샴푸 Bonogen의 양모 촉진 효과

홍진태(Jin-Tae Hong),이세라(Se-Ra Lee),김환희(Hwan Hee Kim),조영광(Young-Kwang Jo),백인정(In-Jeoung Baek),연정민(Jung-Min Yon),남상섭(Sang-Seop Nahm),곽동훈(Dong Hoon Kwack),이정은(Jung Eun Lee),이범준(Beom-Jun Lee),윤영원(Young-Won 한국독성학회 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.3

Bonogen shampoo is composed of several plant extracts which are known to be used in oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Bonogen shampoo on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. There were eight male and female experimental groups including distilled water (DW; negative control), a commercial shampoo [M], 3% minoxidil (MXD) and Bonogen shampoo (BNG). Dorsal skin hair of six-week-old mice was trimmed with an electric clipper carefully not to damage the skin. The next day, mice without skin scratch were selected, randomized and separated in 10 mice per group. The test compounds were topically treated with 0.15 ml per mouse on dorsal skin for 21 days daily and then washed thoroughly with DW. The hair regrowth was determined photographically at 0, 4, 7, 10, 15, 18, and 21 days and histologically at day 21. No clinical signs were observed in all mice. Although body weight was slightly increased in 3% MXD group than other groups, it was not significant. Hair regrowth began to be promoted after 14 days and appeared a distinct regrowth pattern in all animals by topical treatment of test compounds at 18 days. In particular, the topical treatment of bonogen shampoo or 3% MXD for 21 days to dorsal skin accelerated hair regrowth faster than DW or M shampoo. At 21 days, the hair regrowth promotion speed was in order of 3% MXD > BNG > M > DW. The bonogen shampoo or 3% MXD also promoted hair follicle elongation compared to the negative control. These results suggest that bonogen shampoo has hair growth promoting activities and may be useful for treatment of bald or alopecia.

우리나라에서 분리한 벼 키다리병균( Fusarium fujikuroi)의 살균제 저항성

이용환(Yong Hwan Lee),김소연(Soyeon Kim),최효원(Hyo-Won Choi),이명지(Myeong-Ji Lee),나동수(Dong Soo Ra),김인선(In Seon Kim),박진우(Jin Woo Park),이세원(Se-Weon Lee) 한국농약과학회 2010 농약과학회지 Vol.14 No.4

사간탕 처리에 의한 AGS 인체 위암세포의 caspase 활성 의존적 apoptosis 유발

박철(Cheol Park),홍수현(Su Hyun Hong),최성현(Sung Hyun Choi),이세라(Se-Ra Lee),임선희(Sun-Hee Leem),최영현(Yung Hyun Choi) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.12

적작약, 사간, 치자, 적복령, 승마 및 백출 등 6가지의 한약재로 구성된 사간탕은 동의보감에서 위완옹(胃脘癰)을 치료하는 처방으로 알려져 있으나, 항암 효능에 대한 구체적인 연구는 전혀 이루어진 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 사간탕의 항암활성 연구의 일환으로 AGS 인체 위암세포의 증식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 사간탕 추출물 처리 농도의 증가에 따라 AGS 위암세포의 증식 및 생존율이 억제되었으며, 이는 apoptosis 유발에 의한 것임을 염색질 응축, DNA 단편화 및 annexin-V 염색 등을 통하여 확인하였다. 사간탕 추출물 처리에 의한 apoptosis 유발에는 pro-apoptotic Fas 단백질의 발현 증가 및 anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 발현의 감소와 mitochondrial membrane potential의 소실이 동반되었다. 아울러 사간탕 추출물이 처리된 AGS 위암세포에서 extrinsic 및 intrinsic apoptosis 경로 활성의 개시에 중요한 caspase-8 및 -9 뿐만 아니라 effector caspase인 caspase-3의 활성도 증가하였으며, 활성화된 caspase-3의 기질 단백질인 PARP의 단편화도 관찰되었다. 그러나 pan-caspase inhibitor 의 선처리에 의한 caspase 활성을 차단하였을 경우, 사간탕 추출물 처리에 의한 염색질 응축 및 DNA 단편화 현상이 관찰되지 않았으며, apoptosis 유발 및 증식억제 효과도 유의적으로 억제되었다. 따라서 사간탕 추출물 처리에 의한 AGS 위암세포의 apoptosis 유발은 extrinsic 및 intrinsic apoptosis 경로가 동시 활성을 통한 caspase 의존적인 과정을 통하여 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 그 과정은 아마도 pro-apoptotic Bid의 truncation이 관여할 것으로 추정된다. 이상의 결과는 향후 in vivo 모델을 이용한 사간탕 추출물의 항암활성 조사 및 사간탕 추출물내 주요 생리활성 물질의 탐색 등을 위한 유용한 자료로 사용될 것이다. Sagantang (SGT), a Korean multiherb formula comprising six medicinal herbs, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Poria cocos Wolf, Cimicifuga heracleifolia Komarov, and Artractylodes japonica Koidzumi, was recorded in “Dongeuibogam.” The present study investigated the anticancer potential of SGT in AGS human gastric carcinoma cells. The results indicated that SGT treatment significantly inhibited the growth and viability of AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies, in addition to chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, and the accumulation of annexin-V positive cells. The induction of apoptotic cell death by the SGT treatment was associated with up-regulation of Fas protein expression, truncation of Bid, and down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. The SGT treatment also effectively induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which was associated with the activation of caspases (caspase-3, -8, and -9) and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. However, a pan-caspase inhibitor significantly blocked the SGT-induced apoptosis and growth suppression in AGS cells. This study suggests that SGT induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through an extrinsic pathway by upregulating Fas, as well as through an intrinsic pathway by modulating Bcl-2 family members in AGS cells. The results suggest that SGT may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human gastric cancer cells. However, further studies will be needed to confirm the potential of SGT in cancer prevention and therapy in an in vivo model and to identify biological active compounds of SGT.

LoRa 모듈을 이용한 GPS기반 무선 분실 방지 시스템 구현

고준혁(Jun-Hyeok Ko),한동균(Dong-Kyun Han),이세라(Se-Ra Lee),박하연(Ha-Yeon Park),김동회(Dong-Hoi Kim) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2017 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.18 No.4

생체 외 및 생체 내 실험조건에서 나노화 벌 화분의 안전성 규명

편해인(Hae-In Pyeon),소수정(Soojeong So),박지아(Jia Bak),이승현(Seunghyun Lee),이승민(Seungmin Lee),서화진(Hwa-Jin Suh),임제오(Je-Oh Lim),김정우(Jung-Woo Kim),김선연(Sun Youn Kim),이세라(Se Ra Lee),이용현(Yong Hyun Lee),정일경(Il Kyung 한국생명과학회 2018 생명과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

벌 화분은 영양보조제와 전통의약품으로 오랫동안 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 벌 화분은 두터운 외피를 갖고 있어 산이나 알칼리는 물론 위장관의 소화효소와 기계적 압력에 의해서도 잘 파괴되지 않는 단점이 있다. 이로 인해, 벌 화분을 경구로 섭취할 때 생체이용률은 10-15%에 불과한 실정이다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 본 연구진은 이전의 연구에서 습식나노분쇄 기술을 소개하였고 이를 통해 활성성분의 추출률이 약 11배 증가함을 보고하였다. 본 연구에서는 습식나노분쇄를 통해 제조한 나노화 벌 화분의 안전성을 증명하고자 하였다. 먼저, 흰쥐와 비글견에서 단회 투여 독성 시험을 진행하였다. 나노화 벌 화분의 투여 용량은 흰쥐는 5, 10 또는 20 g/kg, 비글견은 1.5, 3 또는 6 g/kg으로 설정하였다. 흰쥐에서는, 10 g/kg 또는 그 이상의 용량을 투여한 동물에서 색변이 관찰되었다. 비글견에서는 6 g/kg 투여군에서 나노화 벌 화분 투여 4시간 후에 설사가 관찰되었다. 그러나, 흰쥐와 비글견 모두에서 뚜렷한 임상증상이 관찰되지 않았으며 안락사 후 부검을 진행한 결과에서도 장기의 이상이 관찰되지 않았다. 다음으로 나노화 벌화분의 유전독성을 복귀돌연변이시험, 염색체이상시험 및 소핵시험을 이용하여 확인하였다. 소핵시험에서는 시험에 사용한 최대용량인 2,000 mg/kg에서도 독성이 발견되지 않았다. 마찬가지로 복귀돌연변이시험과 염색체이상시험에서는 실험에 사용된 최고 농도에서도 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 종합하면 나노화 벌 화분은 본 실험에서 설정한 최고 용량인 20 g/kg/day의 용량까지는 매우 안전한 것으로 판단되며 이러한 결과는 나노화 벌 화분을 기능성 식품 또는 천연물 의약품으로 개발하는 데 중요하게 이용될 것으로 기대된다. Bee pollen has an outer wall which is resistant to both acidic and basic solutions and even the digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the oral bioavailability of bee pollen is only 10-15%. A previous study reported on wet-grinding technology which increased the extraction of active ingredients from bee pollen by 11 times. This study was designed to investigate the safety of wetground bee pollen. First, a single dose of wet-ground bee pollen was tested in both rats and beagle dogs at dosages of 5, 10, and 20 g/kg and 1.5, 3, and 6 g/kg, respectively. In rats, compound-colored stools were found in those administered 10 g/kg or more of wet-ground bee pollen. In beagle dogs, 6 g/kg of wet-ground bee pollen induced diarrhea in one male for four hours. However, no obvious clinical signs were found through the end of the experiment in rats and beagle dogs. In addition, no histological abnormality was found in all animals. The data indicates that a single dose of up to 20 g/kg of wet-ground bee pollen is safe. Next, the genetic toxicity of nano-sized bee pollen was tested. This study employed a bacterial reverse mutation test, a micronucleus assay, and a chromosomal aberration assay. In the micronucleus assay, there was no genetic toxicity up to the dosage of 2 g/kg. There was also no genetic toxicity in the bacterial reverse mutation test and chromosomal aberration assay. This data provides important information in developing nano-sized bee pollen into more advanced functional foods and herbal medicines.

Retinoic Acid 가 Bromodeoyuridine 표지 Hep G2 간암 세포주의 세포 주기 역동성에 미치는 효과

안득수,김대곤,안중기,장동석,이수택,김이엽,이세라 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.45 No.5

Objectives: Measuring the total cellular DNA and BrdU content simultaneously by using the monoclonal antibody to BrdU and propidium iodide (PI) has been possible. So it has been advanced that the making a correct diagnosis and the predicting a prognosis in cancer as well as the evaluation of the responses of anti-cancer therapy, We intended to exam new anticancer chemotherapeutic agent, retinoic acid (RA) which has been reported to show antiproliferative effect and also differentiation-inducing effect on tumor cells, for the treatment of the hepatocarcinoma prevailed in our country. This study was designed to probe beneficial effects of RA for preventing tumor recurrence and secondary metastasis through the application of it to recently wide spreaded chemoembolization therapy in heaptomas. Methods: A semi-logarithmic plot of the proliferation was made in Hep G2 cells, and the changes of the proliferative activities from adding RA to the medium were evaluated in according to various concentrations of it. After staining the Hep G2 cells with fluoroscence conjugated anti-BrdU and PI, the tumor cell kinetics was analyzed and the effects of RA on the changes of the kinetics were also evaluated in the univariate and bivariate distribution of flowcytometric measurement of DNA content/BrdU incorporation. Results: Hep G2 cells stained with FITC conjugated anti-BrdU and with propidium iodide (PI), were anal- yzed in the distribution of bivariate BrdU/DNA content or univariate DNA content to investigate the tumor kinetics. Data from this expreiments showed that actual doubling time (Td) is 51 hrs, potential doubling tiem (Tpot) is 29 hrs, the mean DNA synthesis time (Ts) is 9. 3 hrs, the labelling index is 27.6%. From the evaluation of the effects of RA, known to enhance the differentiation and inhibit the growth of tumor cells on Hep G2 cells, RA inhibited the proliferation of Hep G2 cells significantly and the inhibition lasted for 10 days. To understand the growth inhibition of RA on Hep G2 cells in terms of tumor cell kinetics, bivariate BrdU/DNA content distributions were analyzed. Early stage of culture (day 1) showed increase in S phase percentage of cells and decrease in Go/G1 phase. But late stage of culture (day 4) show decrease in S phase percentage of cell to minimum and increase in Go/G1 phase at either 1 μM or 0.1 μM concentration of RA as compared with those of control. The influences on cell cycle and the antiproliferative effect were more pronounced at 1 μM than at 0.1 μM concentration. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that RA inhibits the proliferation of Hep G2 cells and the anti-proliferative effect is suggested to be driven from arresting cell cycle progression from Go/G1 to S-phase in tumor cell kinetics.