초기 문해 지도를 위한 균형적 언어접근법의 연구동향

이명숙 ( Myoungsook Lee ),전병운 ( Byung-un Jeon ) 한국지적장애교육학회(구 한국정신지체아교육학회) 2016 지적장애연구 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 지적장애아동의 학습 내용에 있어 중요한 부분이 되는 초기 문해 지도의 효율적인 방법을 모색하고자 균형적 언어접근법을 중심으로 관련 연구물이 처음 게재된 2000년부터 2015년까지의 국내 연구동향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 특수교육 분야의 연구물이 몇 편 되지 않아 유아교육, 초등교육, 언어(국어) 관련 학술지와 박사학위 논문 중 관련 논문들을 선정기준에 따라 분류하여 총 32편이 선정되었고, 연도별 동향, 연구대상 및 연구유형, 대다수의 논문인 실험연구 및 문헌연구의 특성을 중심으로 연구 동향을 분석하였다. 그 결과는 첫째, 균형적 언어접근법은 최근 초기 문해 지도가 필요한 장애아동뿐만이 아니라, 비장애 유아, 다문화, 초등 저학년, 재외동포 아동들을 대상으로 아주 폭넓게 실시되고 있어 그 중요성이 매우 부각되고 있다고 하겠다. 둘째, 균형적 언어접근법을 활용한 실험 연구들이 그 내용 요소에 있어 얼마나 균형적으로 접근하는지 분석한 결과 3개의 상위 균형요소별, 9개의 하위 균형요소별로 비율에 있어 차이가 많이 나는 것으로 드러났다. 셋째, 문헌 연구들의 특성은 2000년대 들어와 균형적 언어접근에 대한 관심이 부각되어 중후반으로 갈수록 점차 높아졌으며, 그 내용은 균형적 언어접근법의 소개 및 고찰로부터 기초 문해 교육의 실태조사 및 체계화 모색, 효과적인 지도방안 및 교재개발, 균형적 언어접근법의 효과분석으로 연구 흐름이 이어지고 있었다. The purpose of this study, from 2000 to 2015, is to analyze early literacy domestic research trends using the balanced language approach method for children with and without disabilities. For this, this study selected a total of 32 articles by focusing on the academic journals and doctoral dissertation related to special education, early childhood education, elementary education and language art education according to selection criteria, analyzed based on trends by the year, study subjects, methods, experimental studies and research papers. As a result, firstly, it could be seen with the part of great role in literacy research trends that balanced language approach is comprehensively being studied on children with and without disabilities. multi-cultural children, overseas Korean children and elementary school children in the lower grades. Secondly, the resulting analysis of how much actually balanced to experimental study appeared to have a difference in ratio of each balanced element-three of higher element, nine of subelement. Thirdly, characteristics of research study have been performed steadily and actively on the balanced approach since the 2000s, and research themes vary from starting at the introduction and consideration, survey and codification, development for effective guidance materials, and to affect analysis on the balanced approach.

2011 특수교육 기본교육과정 국어과 수업 목표 분석 -Bloom의 개정된 교육목표 분류학을 중심으로

이명숙 ( Myoungsook Lee ),김명희 ( Myounghee Kim ),전병운 ( Byung Un Jeon ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2015 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 2011 특수교육 기본교육과정 국어과 수업목표를 Bloom의 개정된 교육목표분류학에 기초하여 분석함으로써 지식 차원과 인지과정 차원의 범주들이 어떻게 구성되어 있는지 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 기본교육과정 초, 중, 고등학교 국어과 교과서의 총1,928개 단원별차시 수업목표를 분석하였는데 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육목표 분류 학의 네 가지 지식차원 중 초등에서는 ‘사실적 지식’이 가장 큰 비율을 보였고, 중학교에서는 ‘사실적 지식’과 개념적 지식’이 비슷한 비율을 나타냈으며, 고등에서는 ‘개념적 지식’이 매우 우세했으나 ‘절차적 지식’ 비중이 조금 커지며 전체적으로 이동하는 양상을 나타내었다. 그리고 ‘메타인지 지식’은 거의 나타나지 않아 지식차원은 ‘사실적 지식’과 ‘개념적 지식’에 매우 편중되어 있었다. 둘째, 교육목표 분류학의 여섯 가지 인지과정 차원 중 초등과정은 ‘기억’과 ‘이해’가 수업목표 대부분을 차지했고, 중학교와 고등학교에서는 ‘이해’ 범주가 독보적인 비중을 차지했으며 ‘적용’은 고등과정에 올라와서 미미하게 드러냈다. 따라서 인지과정 차원에서는 대부분 ‘기억’과 ‘이해’에 편중되어 있었으며, 상위 인지차원인 ‘분석’, ‘평가’, ‘창안’ 범주는거의 찾아보기 어려웠다. 앞으로 기본교육과정 구성에 있어 특수아동들의 초보적인 고등사고능력을 기르기 위한 다양한 지식 습득과 균형 있는 인지과정 차원의 국어과 수업목표 수립이 요구된다고 하겠다. This study has analyzed the revised basic curriculum for Special Education of ‘Korean Language’ textbooks in 2011 based on Bloom’s revised taxonomy of the educational objectives. To accomplish this goal, this study has analyzed the instructional objectives of 1,928 ‘Korean Language’ textbooks in the elementary, secondary, and high school for special education. The result of this study is as follows. First, in the elementary school sector, the ‘factual knowledge’ which is the lowest level in the area of knowledge dimension appeared high. In the secondary school sector, ‘factual knowledge’ and ‘conceptual knowledge’ appeared high. In the high school sector, ‘conceptual knowledge’ was dominant, but ‘procedural knowledge’ was remarkable comparatively. However, ‘meta-cognitive knowledge’ was very rare and on the whole most of the instructional objectives emphasized ‘factual knowledge’ and ‘conceptual knowledge’. Second, in the cognitive process dimension, the elementary school course accounted for a part of ‘remember’ and ‘understand’ almost equally. In the secondary and high school course, a part of ‘understand’ appeared high. Consequently, the cognitive process dimension emphasized ‘remember’ and ‘understand’, and higher cognitive categories such as ‘analyze’, ‘evaluate’, and ‘create’ was relatively very low. Therefore, balanced instructional objectives of ‘Korean Language’ textbooks should be emphasized in order for students with special needs to develop higher-order thinking skills and to acquire various knowledge.

COVID-19: “영양 아젠다”

이명숙(Myoungsook Lee) 한국영양학회 2021 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.54 No.1

This review describes the risk factors of the nutrition crisis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections and suggests precision nutrition against long-term psychological and physiological stress. The mandatory quarantine and the social distancing are associated with an interruption of the lifestyle routine, resulting in psychological (i.e., boredom) and physiological stress. The stress with multiple causes and forms induces over-compensation of energy-dense food, such as sugary comfort food, and is defined as “food craving” because carbohydrates positively affect the psychological stability with serotonin secretion. The consumption of foods that promote an immune response against viral infections (vitamins & minerals; Cu, folate, Fe, Se, Zn, and Vit A, B₆, B₁₂, C, and D), reduce inflammatory cytokines (w-3 fatty acids, Vit D, fibers, and Mg), contain antioxidants (beta-carotene, Vit E, C, Se, and phenolics), and sleep-inducing proteins (serotonin, melatonin, and milk products) is essential. In addition, a reduced Vit D deficiency in winter due to less time spent outdoors under quarantine has been reported to be associated with viral infections. The case fatality rate of COVID-19 was significantly dependent on age, sex, race, and underlying health condition. To prevent malnutrition and cachexia in elderly people, weight loss and muscle wasting should be monitored and controlled. Inadequate protein intake, sedentary lifestyle, and inflammation are significant risk factors for sarcopenia. Moreover, relatively high intakes of fat or carbohydrate compared to low protein intake result in abdominal obesity, which is defined as “sarcopenic obesity.” Keeping the food-safety guidelines of COVID-19, this study recommends the consumption of fresh and healthy foods and avoiding sugar, fat, salt, alcohol, and commercially frozen foods.

동화를 활용한 장애아동 언어중재의 연구 동향

이명숙 ( Myoungsook Lee ),전병운 ( Byung Un Jeon ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2015 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 동화를 활용한 장애아동 언어중재의 동향을 분석하여 현장에서 접근하기 쉬운 동화의 활용도를 높이고, 향후 연구의 시사점을 찾는데 있다. 이를 위해 동화관련 활동 연구물이 게재된 2002년부터 2014년 사이 학술지 게재 논문들 중 선정기준에 맞는 37편을 대상으로 연구대상, 연구방법, 독립변인, 종속변인, 그리고 동화선정 기준 및 측정도구를 중심으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 동화를 활용한 언어중재는 다양한 장애영역에 걸쳐 학령전기에서 초, 중등에 이르기까지 폭넓은 연구가 이루어지고 있었고, 사전/사후 설계와 대상자간 중다 간헐기초선 설계가 많이 적용되고 있었다. 동화를 활용한 언어중재 방법은 전체적으로 이야기 구성도 전략이 가장 많았지만 연령이 낮을수록 동화 들려주기나 이야기 다시 말하기 등의 음성언어 위주의 전략 비중이 높았다. 또한 종속변인에 있어서는 독해능력 향상 연구가 가장 많았으나 연령이 낮은 경우 기초언어능력 향상 연구 비중이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 평가도구 는 표준화검사보다는 연구 내용에 맞게 다양한 도구들을 제작, 활용하고 있었고, 동화선정 기준은 명확하지 않은 경우가 많았다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of language intervention through applying storybooks to the children with special needs and to improve the availability on the site, and to find the issues of the study hereafter. For this, I have analyzed 37 books meeting selection standards among the papers published in academic journals and covering storybooks-related activity contents between 2002 and 2014 based on study subjects, methods, independent variables, subordinate variables, and measuring tools. As a result, the language intervention through applying storybooks has been studied widely from preschool period to secondary period in all of disabilities, and the pre/post design of a single subject study has been done most. The language intervention independent variables through applying storybooks has preferred in a story-mapping strategy has been used most frequently, and in a sound-language method a story-telling method has been dominant. In subordinate variables, the study for improving reading abilities out of letter-language ones has been done most and the study for improving basic language abilities out of sound-language ones has been done most. An evaluation method has made and used a wide variety of tools including standardization examination. Criteria of selection on the story-books are not clear.

한국 예술 작품에서의 딥러닝 기반 유사 영역 탐지

전형주(Jeon Hyeong-ju),정순철(Jung Soonchul),최윤석(Choi Yoon-Seok),김재우(Kim Jae Woo),김진서(Kim Jin Seo) 한국콘텐츠학회 2021 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.8

산화스트레스가 유도된 인체 간암세포 (HepG2)에서 Sulforaphane과 Diallyl Sulfide, Capsaicin, Gingerol의 항산화효과 비교연구

이소연(Lee Soyoun),위해리(Wi,Haeri),이명숙(Lee Myoungsook) 韓國營養學會 2011 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.44 No.6

Oxygen is necessary to sustain life, yet cellular oxygen metabolism creates destructive elements called free radicals. Free radicals are chemically unbalanced and carrying free electrons that can damage molecules, potentially damaging the cell itself. For this reason, many antioxidant products, including supplements and functional foods, are being developed. In particular, natural products are rich sources of pharmacologically active compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of target biomaterials in Korean traditional spices such as diallyl sulfide (DAS), capsaicin (CAP), and gingerol (GGR), and to investigate the response of the antioxidant defense system to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to sulforaphane (SFN) in HepG2 cells. After the analysis of the cell viability using Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, we determined that the optimum levels were 200 μM DAS, 25 μM CAP, 50 μM GGR, and 12.5 μM SFN. Antioxidant enzymes were measured and protein expression was detected by Western blotting. All treatments showed a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity such as superoxide dismutase, catalse, and glutathione peroxidase in HepG2 cells. Additionally, DAS, CAP, GGR and SFN increased the antioxidant system-related transcription factor Nrf2 which was found to be regulated by the activation of MAPK-JNK in this study. In conclusion, these results indicate the protective effects of DAS CAP, GGR, and SFN against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. (Korean J Nutr 2011; 44(6): 488~497)

고나트륨 섭취가 비만 관련 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

이민지(Minjee Lee),박미영(Miyoung Park),김주희(Juhee Kim),성소영(Soyoung Sung),이명숙(Myoungsook Lee) 동아시아식생활학회 2018 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.28 No.5

검은콩과 발효검은콩 추출물이 인간 모유두 세포 성장에 미치는 효과

최지혜(Ji-Hye Choi),이명숙(Myoungsook Lee),김현정(Hyun Jung Kim),권정일(Jung Il Kwon),이윤경(Yunkyoung Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.46 No.6

본 연구 결과 검은콩 물・에탄올 추출물과 Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG)와 Bifidobacterium animals subsp. lactis BB-12(BB-12)를 이용하여 발효시킨 발효검은콩 물・에탄올 추출물의 발효 전과 후의 성분변화를 분석하고, 검은콩과 검은콩 발효 추출물이 모유두 세포 성장에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 primary 인간 모유두 세포(HFDPC)에 검은콩 추출물(BWE, BEE)과 발효검은콩 추출물(BWEF, BEE-F)을 다양한 농도로 처리하여 세포독성을 확인하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 적정 처치 농도를 결정하여 모발 성장촉진(VEGF와 KGF/FGF7)과 억제(TGF-β1과 AR)에 관여하는 유전자 발현을 mRNA 수준에서 확인하였다. 나아가 검은콩 추출물이 HFDPC의 생존 촉진에 미치는 영향을 Akt와 Erk의 인산화 활성을 통해 비교 분석하였다. LGG와 BB-12를 이용하여 발효시킨 검은콩은 발효가 진행됨에 따라 pH, 총폴리페놀, 총당・환원당의 함량이 감소하였으며, 검은콩 4종 추출물(BWE, BEE, BWE-F, BEE-F) 중 BWE, BEE, BWE-F가 VEGF의 mRNA 발현을 증가시키고, 모든 처리군에서 KGF/FGF7의 mRNA 발현을 유의적으로 증가시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 나아가 BWE, BEE, BWE-F가 Erk의 활성을 증가시켰음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 검은콩 물 추출물과 검은콩 에탄올 추출물, 그리고 발효검은콩 물 추출물이 인간 모유두 세포의 세포성장에 모발 성장 촉진인자의 활성과 Erk의 활성화 등을 통한 기전으로 긍정적인 영향을 미침으로써 모발 성장 및 모발 건강을 위한 기능성 원료로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 유산균 2종(LGG, BB-12)을 이용한 발효검은콩이 검은콩과 비교하여 모발 성장 촉진 관련 단백질 발현에서는 유의적인 우월성을 가지지는 않음을 확인하였다. 추후 다른 유산균 균 총을 이용한 발효검은콩의 연구와 더불어 보다 정밀한 발효를 통한 검은콩 추출물의 성분과 조성의 변화를 바탕으로 한 모발 성장 및 모주기 관련 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이라 생각된다. This study was conducted to examine the effects and potential mechanisms of action of black soybean extracts and fermented black soybean extracts by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animals subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) on proliferation of human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC). We examined changes in pH, total polyphenol, sugar, and reducing sugar contents according to fermentation period of black soybean extracts. Assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was performed to determine cell toxicity levels of the four black soybean extracts [black soybean water extract (BWE), black soybean ethanol extract (BEE), fermented BWE (F-BEW), and fermented BEE (F-BEE)]. Changes in mRNA expression levels of hair growth promoting factors and hair growth inhibiting factors by the four black soybean extracts were measured by real-time PCR. In addition, phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase family proteins were measured by western blot analysis. As a result, fermentation of black soybeans significantly reduced pH, total polyphenols, and sugar/reducing sugar contents. All four black soybean extracts showed no cellular toxicity in HFDPC. In fact, BEE significantly enhanced cell viability of HFDPC at 100 μg/mL compared to control. BWE, BEE, and BWE-F significantly increased mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, and all four extracts increased mRNA expression of fibroblast growth factor. However, mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes were not affected by black soybean extracts in HFDPC. Furthermore, BWE, BEE, and BWE-F significantly increased phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase compared to control. Taken together, we demonstrated that black soybean extracts enhanced proliferation of human follicle dermal papilla cells partially via activation of hair growth promoting factors, although no particular significant effects on proliferation were observed by fermentation of black soybeans.

소금민감성유전자와 비만

전용필(Yong-Pil Cheon),이명숙(Myoungsook Lee) 한국영양학회 2017 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.50 No.3

Purpose: Although it is well known thatmortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases are higher in salt-sensitive subjects than in salt-resistant subjects, their underlying mechanisms related to obesity remain unclear. Here, we focused on salt-sensitive gene variants unrelated to monogenic obesity that interacted with sodium intake in humans. Methods: This review was written based on the modified 3rd step of Khans" systematic review. Instead of the literature, subject genes were based on candidate genes screened from our preliminary Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Finally, literature related to five genes strongly associated with salt sensitivity were analyzed to elucidate the mechanism of obesity. Results: Salt sensitivity is a measure of how blood pressure responds to salt intake, and people are either salt-sensitive or salt-resistant. Otherwise, dietary sodium restriction may not be beneficial for everyone since salt sensitivity may be associated with inherited susceptibility. According to our previous GWAS studies, 10 candidate genes and 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with salt sensitivity were suggested, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), α- adducin1 (ADD1), angiotensinogen (AGT), cytochrome P450 family 11-subfamily β-2 (CYP11β-2), epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), G-protein b3 subunit (GNB3), G protein-coupled receptor kinases type 4 (GRK4 A142V, GRK4 A486V), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 (HSD 11β-2), neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down regulated 4 like (NEDD4L),and solute carrier family 12(sodium/chloride transporters)-member 3 (SLC 12A3). We found that polymorphisms of salt-sensitive genes such as ACE, CYP11β-2, GRK4, SLC12A3, and GNB3 may be positively associated with human obesity. Conclusion: Despite gender, ethnic, and age differences in genetics studies, hypertensive obese children and adults who are carriers of specific salt-sensitive genes are recommended to reduce their sodium intake. We believe that our findings can contribute to the prevention of early-onset of chronic diseases in obese children by facilitating personalized diet-management of obesity from childhood to adulthood.

소금민감성 SLC12A3 유전자 다형성에 따른 나트륨섭취가 소아비만에 미치는 영향

정주현(Jung, Joohyun),이명숙(Lee, Myoungsook) 한국영양학회 2017 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.50 No.1

소아기의 과체중 혹은 비만은 성인기의 만성질환의 onset 위험을 증가시키는 대사이상을 야기하므로 관련된 obesogenic 환경 (나트륨 섭취 등)을 제어할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 소아기의 과도한 소금섭취가 신장의 재흡수 기능을 조절하는 SLC12A3기능장애로 이어져 고혈압 및 비만을 야기하는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 서울 구로구에 소재한 8~9세 초등학생 752명 (남학생: 379명 여학생: 373명)을 대상으로 BMI가 85 percentiles이상을 비만군으로, 이하를 정상군으로 분류하였다. SLC12A3 rs11643718 유전자형은 GG (wild)와 GA + AA로 분류하여 신체계측, 혈액검사, 식이조사 등을 비교분석하였다 대상자의 남아가 여아보다, 비만군이 정상군보다 신체지수, 혈액지수, 식사섭취량이 여아보다 높았다. 남녀 모두 비만군에서 높은 TG와 낮은 HDLc를 보여주었지만 비만한 남아는 혈압에, 비만한 여아는 인슐린저항성에 더 민감한 반응을 보였다. 비록 남녀차이는 있지만 비만군 및 정상군 모두에서 SLC12A3의 GA + AA형이 GG형보다 혈압과 체중이 높았다. GG 유전자형을 가지고 있는 소아는 혈중 LDLc, FBS, insulin등이 높거나 식이 콜레스테롤섭취가 증가할수록 비만이 될 위험도가 증가하였고 엽산의 섭취가 증가할수록 비만위험도는 감소하였다. 반면, GA + AA 유전자형을 가지고 있는 소아는 고나트륨 (> 4,000 mg/day)섭취시 비만위험도 (odd ratio)가 15.57배 증가하였고 남아 (22.84배)에서 더욱 위험도가 높았다. HDLc의 경우는 유전자형에 관계없이 증가할수록 비만위험도가 감소하였다. 결론적으로 SLC12A3 (rs11643718) 유전자의 A allele를 가진 형이 나트륨에 특이적으로 반응하여 과체중위험을 증가시키는 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Obesogenic environments in children, in particular excessive intake of sodium, generate hypertension, which is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. Methods: In all, 725 children, 379 boys and 373 girls, aged 8~9 years were recruited from seven elementary schools in Kuro-ku, Seoul. To evaluate whether or not obesity risk was modulated by salt-sensitive genes, Solute Carrier Familiy 12 member 3 (SLC12A3) was used as the target. After children were assigned into obese (BMI > 85 percentile) or non-obese groups, anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and dietary intakes were measured according to the genotypes GG (wild) or GA+AA (hetero+mutant). Results: Without gender differences, high TG and low HDLc were detected in the obese group compared to the non-obese group. Regardless of obesity, weight gain and blood pressure (BP) increased in the SLC12A3 GA+AA genotype rather than in the GG type. HDLc was associated with obesity risk without genotype difference. Odd ratios for risk of obesity were 15.57 (95% CI 2.192~110.654), 22.84 (95% CI 1.565~333.469), and 9.32 (95%CI 1.262~68.817) in boys and girls with GA+AA genotypes as sodium intake increased above 4,000 mg/day. Dietary calcium, sodium, folate, and vit C were associated with obesity risk according to gender or genotype differences. Since high folate intake reduced obesity risk in only boys with GG type. Risk for overweight and obesity increased in boys with GA+AA genotypes and dietary habits with high sodium and cholesterol and low folate. Conclusion: The A allele of SLC12A3 rs11643718 was sensitive to development of obesity in children as sodium intake increased.