윤혜정의 Shapes of vapor for computer generated sound 분석연구

윤혜정 이화여자대학교 대학원 2001 국내석사

본 논문에서는 윤혜정의 작품 Shapes of Vapor for Computer Generated Sound를 대상으로 하여 작품 내부를 분석하고 컴퓨터 음악의 특성을 추출해내는 것을 목적으로 한다. 소리를 저장하고 재생하는 기기가 나온 후 이것은 음악에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 1950년대에 이후의 음악에서는 테이프 레코더, 신디사이저, 컴퓨터 등 여러 기기들이 전자 음악이라는 범주 안에서 중요하게 사용되었다. 본격적인 전자 음악의 시작은 제2차 세계대전 이후, 프랑스 파리를 중심으로 실현된 구체음악(Musique Concre'te)과 독일 쾰른을 중심으로 주파수에 의한 음의 합성을 연구하는 움직임으로부터 비롯된다. 그 후 1960년대에 미국을 중심으로 컴퓨터가 전자 음악의 주요 수단으로 사용되기 시작했고, 컴퓨터는 음의 합성만을 위해 사용되거나 작곡의 규칙을 입력시켜 그에 따라 자동으로 작곡하도록 하는 방법 등 여러 가지 형태로 이용되었다. 오늘날, 전자 음악은 현대 음악의 작곡 기법으로 매우 중요한 위치에 있으며, 이와 함께 이에 관한 연구의 필요성도 부각되고 있다. 우리나라에서도 전자 음악 또는 컴퓨터 음악에 관해 연구한 여러 편의 논문이 발표되었다. 그러나, 주로 특정 소프트웨어, 특정 신디사이저 또는 역사적 고찰을 주제로 연구되었고, 본격적인 작품에 대해 전자 음악의 기술적, 음악적 측면을 다룬 연구는 아직 활발히 이루어지고 있지 않다. 이에, 본 논문은 작품을 통해 컴퓨터 음악의 특성을 연구하고자한다. 연구방법은 음악사적 측면의 고찰과 음악 내부적 측면, 즉, 작곡의 관점에서 곡의 발전과정을 분석하는 두 가지 방법을 사용하였다. 음악사적 측면의 연구 방법이란, 이 곡이 음악사의 흐름에서 어떠한 수직적 위치에 있는지, 그리고, 수평적으로는 어떠한 작곡기법을 사용하였으며 그 결과 어느 범주에 해당하는 작품인지를 파악하는 것이다. 이러한 연구는 전자 음악, 컴퓨터 음악에 관한 개념의 정의와 이 유형 음악의 발전 과정을 살펴봄으로써 이루어질 수 있다. 그리고 음악 내부적 측면의 연구는 컴퓨터 음악이라는 작품의 특성상 음향 자체에 관한 것과 음악적 발전과정에 대한 것을 연구 대상으로 한다. 이 방법을 위한 분석 단계는 곡을 구성하는 작은 단위의 wave의 분석과 그의 변형 과정 고찰로부터 시작하여 motive를 분석하고 그 후 전체 곡의 구조를 파악하는 순서로 이루어졌다. 본 논문 제 2장에서는 전자 음악과 컴퓨터 음악의 개념, 발전과정, 분류 등에 대해 살펴보았다. 전자적 수단을 사용하여 만드는 음악에 관한 총괄적인 개념을 전자 음악이라는 용어로 지칭하는데, 이 포괄적 개념의 전자 음악에는 구체 음악, 협의의 순수 전자 음악, 컴퓨터 음악 등이 속한다. 전자음악은 파리의 구체음악과 쾰른의 초기 전자음악에서 출발하여 컴퓨터를 중심으로 사용한 미국의 전자음악에 이르기까지 빠른 속도로 꾸준히 발전해 왔다. 제 3장에서는 본격적인 작품 분석을 다루었으며, 곡을 구성하는 작은 단위의 wave의 분석 및 그의 변형 과정 고찰로부터 시작하여 motive를 분석하고 그 후 전체 곡의 구조를 파악하는 순서로 연구하였다. 작품을 구성하는 가장 작은 단계의 `단위wave'는 녹음된 소리를 PCM Editing Program을 사용하여 조작하고 변형한 방법, PCM Editing Program상에서 generated sound를 얻는 방법, SWSS(Software based sound synthesis)인 Csound로 소리를 만드는 법 등 세 가지 방법으로 만들어졌다. 이러한 방법으로 얻어진 `단위 wave'로 motive를 만들었고, 이는 곡의 구조 A-B-A'안에 재배치되었다. 이상의 방법으로 연구한 결과, 이 작품의 구조, 기법, 음색은 음악사에 비추어볼 때 다음과 같은 관계에 있음을 알 수 있다. 첫째, 구조는 1700년 이후 음악사에서 가장 많이 보인 형태인 세 도막 형식을 취함으로써 악보로 표현하는 기존 음악과의 동질성을 보인다. 둘째, 기법의 경우, 소리를 발생시키는 모든 작업을 컴퓨터로 하였으나, 사실상 작업에 사용된 개념은 초기 전자 음악과 구체음악의 테이프 편집법, 즉 splicing, looping, pitch shifting, time stretch, echo, reverberation 등의 방법으로부터 출발하였고 1959년 미국의 맥스 매튜스(Max Matthews))가 Music I 을 개발한 이후 계속 발전하고 있는 최근의 SWSS인 Csound도 작업에 사용되었다. 셋째, 음색 및 음향은 이 작품을 표현하는 핵심이며, 이에 관한 탐구는 쇤베르크(Arnold Scho"nberg) 음색선율(Klangfarbenmelodie)의 연장선상에 있다. 위의 결과로, 본 논문에서 다룬 Shapes of Vapor for Computer Generated Sound의 음악적 특징은 다음과 같음을 알 수 있다. 이 작품은 단위요소로부터 출발하여 motive를 만들고 대조와 조화로 발전시키는 작곡 과정에서 과거 음악 작품들과 동일하다. 단지 작곡에 사용된 음 재료가 새로운 기법으로 만들어졌다는 것이 다른 점이라 할 수 있는데, 초기 전자음악 시대의 방법을 기본으로 하고 컴퓨터 프로그램을 이용하여 구성한 이 작품은 음계 중심의 음악이 아닌 음향 중심의 작품이라 하겠다. The development and composition of modern classical music was greatly influenced by the appearance of sound recording, playing, and replaying devices. Following the development of the tape recorder in the 1950s, analog synthesizers and later computers became important tools in modern music creation and performance. In this sense, real electronic music can be said to have begun after the Second World War, and consisted of two major groups: the Musique Concre'te centered in Paris and the pure sound frequency synthesis Elektronische Musik centered in Ko"ln. In the 1960s, however, computers came to dominate electronic music in the United States, and today electronic music is treated as an important musical development in contemporary music composition. As a result, greater study of electronic music is both warranted and necessary. Over the last several years, a number of important theses on electronic music have been researched and published in Korea. However, most of these have taken as their main theme the history of the movement or the characteristics of specific synthesizers or software. So far, few studies have offered technical or musical research of specific real works. The purpose of this thesis, then, is to study the specific musical properties of computer-generated music by analyzing Shapes of Vapor for Computer Generated Sound, by Hyejung Yoon. The results of this study were attained through a process of analyzing the particular musical aspects of the work itself as well as taking its historical measure. The second chapter of the thesis examines the concepts, historical processes, and classifications of electronic and computer-generated music. In this paper, reference to "electronic music" connotes the grand concept of music composed and performed by electronic means, and includes Musique Concre'te, Elektronische Musik(a narrow sense of electronic music), and Computer Music. The third chapter of the thesis offers an analysis of the acoustical elements and musical aspects of the work considered. The most subordinate element in composing the work was the unit wave, which was made in three ways: first by transforming a sample sound by using a PCM editing program; second by generating sound by using a PCM editing program; and third by creating a sound using Csound, a form of software-based sound synthesis(SWSS). These sounds were then arranged to form three-part compositions, such as A-B-A'. The findings of this study's examination of the history of music composition are three-fold. First, the fundamental structure of this work is ternary which is a common form of music notated by score since the 1700s. Second, this work was built upon early electronic music concepts and methods, including splicing, looping, pitch shifting, time stretching, echoing, and reverberation, with the eventual use of computers and SWSS Csound. Third, tone color and acoustics are essential aspects of this work. And these features are on the line which has been continued after Scho"nberg's Klangfarbenmelodie. In the composition for this thesis, Shapes of Vapor for Computer Generated Sound is similar to previous compositions in that its musical process consists of unit factor and motive for contrast and harmony. At the same time, however, there is a difference between this and previous works, namely that the sounds created here emanate from a new source. Thus, the work is not music composed of scales and notes but rather of timbre and acoustics.

초등학교 3학년 도형 영역에서 PBL 교수학습이 수학성취도 및 수학 태도에 미치는 영향

윤혜정 부경대학교 교육대학원 2022 국내석사

The research was conducted with an emphasis on 'analysis' on changes in mathematical attitudes, and the following results were obtained. First, the mathematics and PBL models should be actively used in the elementary school education field so that students can develop their mathematical abilities. Second, PBL should be conducted based on the contents of the elementary school math curriculum so that all students can participate. Third, PBL should be conducted by emphasizing the process rather than the problem-solving results. The problem-solving process itself is important because students develop various mathematical skills in the problem-solving process. Through this study, I would like to make the following suggestions. First, in order to apply an active PBL teaching and learning model in the mathematics department of elementary school, it is necessary to develop various PBL problems based on the contents of the curriculum. This study had some difficulties in problem development even though the research was conducted on a limited subject and area of the 3rd grade of elementary school. Therefore, various contents of mathematics and PBL problem development and research must be conducted. Second, it is necessary to develop various evaluation methods for mathematics and PBL. In this study, students studied and analyzed changes in academic achievement and learning attitude due to the developed mathematics and PBL instructional model, but if the criteria or framework for analyzing and interpreting problem-solving processes or solutions can be systematized and diversified, it will be effective in generalizing mathematics and PBL. Third, for elementary school mathematics and PBL generalization, it is necessary to apply PBL through active mathematics and curriculum reconstruction research. In the current educational field, teachers have many difficulties and limitations in conducting mathematics and PBL. However, if there are more data on various application cases and operation methods through active mathematics and curriculum PBL research, mathematics and PBL in the elementary school field will be actively applied. As stated above, this research is meaningful in finding out the learning effect of PBL in the mathematics and geometry areas by analyzing the changes in students academic achievement and mathematical attitude by developing and applying the suitable PBL model for elementary school.

재활용품을 활용한 STEAM 활동이 만 3세 유아의 과학적 문제해결력과 환경친화적 태도에 미치는 영향

윤혜정 순천향대학교 교육대학원 2023 국내석사

재활용품을 활용한 STEAM 활동이 만3세 유아의 과학적 문제해결력과 환경친화적 태도에 미치는 영향 윤혜정 순천향대학교 교육대학원 유아교육전공 (지도교수 권헤진) 본 연구의 목적은 재활용품을 활용한 STEAM 활동이 만3세 유아의 과학적 문제해결력과, 환경친화적 태도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적을 기반으로 한 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 1. 재활용품을 활용한 STEAM 활동이 만3세 유아의 과학적 문제해결력에 미 치는 영향은 어떠한가? 2. 재활용품을 활용한 STEAM 활동이 만3세 유아의 환경친화적 태도에 미치 는 영향은 어떠한가? 본 연구대상은 충청남도 C시에 위치한 H어린이집 만 3세 유아 11명을 실험 집단으로 같은 시에 위치한 E어린이집 만 3세 유아 11명을 비교집단으로 하 여 총 22명의 유아를 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. 두 집단은 비모수적 방식 으로 집단 간 비교를 하는 Mann-Whitney u-test을 통해 동질집단임을 확인하 였으며, 7월 24일부터 10월 18일까지 12주에 걸쳐 총 7회기 동안 실험 집단에 게는 재활용품을 활용한 STEAM 활동을, 비교 집단에게는 개정누리과정에 맞 는 놀이중심 활동을 하였다. 본 연구에서는 과학적 문제해결력 측정도구는 Tegano, Sawyers와 Moran(1989)이 개발한 것으로, 선행 연구들(김남희 2015; 김숙자, 2011; 문은자, 2000; 안경숙, 1992; 장경혜, 1994)에서 사용한 바 있는 검사 도구를 사용하였다. 만 3세 유아의 환경친화적 태도 측정은 CSTES-PV는 본래 Musser와 Malkus(1994)가 개발한 (The Children's Attitudes Toward the Environment Scale for School-Age Children)를 기반으로 국내에서는 허윤정 (2001)이 수정 및 변형하여 활용하였고, 허윤정은 한국의 문화적 맥락을 고려 하여 전체 18문항으로 이루어진 측정도구를 개발했으며, 정희정(2003)과 김준 희(2005) 등은 이 도구를 재사용 하였다. 수집한 자료는 SPSS Win 25.0 프로그 램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재활용품을 활용한 STEAM 활동이 만 3세 유아의 과학적 문제해결력 에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과, 하위영역 중에서는 문제에 대한 아이디어 제 안과 적용, 문제해결 해결에 대한 결론짓기에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 재활용품을 활용한 STEAM 활동이 만 3세 유아의 환경친화적 태도에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과, 하위영역의 생명존중, 자연선호, 자연보호, 자원절 약에 통계적으로 유의미한 결과가 나타났다. 이는 재활용품을 활용한 STEAM 만 3세 유아의 과학적 문제해결력과 환경친화적 태도를 함양할 방안이 될 수 있음을 시사하는 결과라 하겠다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of STEAM activity connected with recycled materials on scientific problem-solving and eco-friendly attitude of a three-year-old child. The research question according to this study is as follows. 1. How is the effect of STEAM activity connected with recycled materials on scientific problem-solving of a three-year-old child? 2. How is the effect of STEAM activity connected with recycled materials on eco-friendly attitude of a three-year-old child? The subjects of this study are total 22 children: 11 children whose age is three years old at H daycare center located in C city in Chungcheongnam-do Province as the experimental group and 11 children whose age is three years old at E daycare center located in the same city as the comparison group. The two groups were identified as the same group through Mann-Whitney U verification that compared between groups through nonparametric method. While the experimental group did STEAM activity connected with recycled materials for a total 7 sessions over 12 weeks from July 24th 2023 to October 18th 2023, the comparison group did the play-centered activity that corresponded to revision Nuri curriculum. In this study, it used the scientific problem-solving measurement tool developed by Tegano, Sawyers, and Moran (1989), which has been used in previous studies (Kim, Nam-hee, 2015; Kim, Sook-ja, 2011; Moon, Eun-ja, 2000; Ahn, Kyung-sook, 1992; Jang, Kyung-hye, 1994). The CSTES-PV, which measured the eco-friendly attitude of a 3-year-old child, was originally developed by Musser and Malkus (1994) based on The Children's Attitudes Toward the Environment Scale for School-Age Children, and was adapted and modified in South Korea by Heo, Yoon-Jung (2001). In this process, it considered the Korean cultural context, consisted of 18 questions and used a tool that was reused by Jung, Hee-Jung (2003) and Kim, Jun-Hee (2005). The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS Win 25.0 program. The result of this study is as follows. After the result of verifying the effect of STEAM activity connected with recycled materials on scientific problem-solving of a three-year-old child, significant difference in suggestion of ID about problem and its application and conclusion on problem-solving among sub-domains. Secondly, after the result of verifying the effect of STEAM activity connected with recycled materials of a three-year-old child on eco-friendly attitude, there was a statistically significant result in sub-factors of life respect, nature preference, nature protection and nature conservation. This is the result that implies that STEAM using recycled materials can be a way to cultivate the scientific problem-solving and eco-friendly attitude of a three-year-old child.

제7차 중학교 음악교과서에 제시된 학습목표 분석 연구 : 1학년 가창곡을 중심으로

윤혜정 계명대학교 교육대학원 2001 국내석사

영화전문잡지의 구조적 특성과 영화기자의 집단 성향에 관한 연구 : Pierre Bourdieu의 장과 아비투스 개념을 중심으로

윤혜정 경희대학교 대학원 2004 국내석사

헤드라인의 표현상의 차이가 독자의 기사 인지에 미치는 영향 연구 : 요약적 헤드라인과 감정적 헤드라인을 중심으로

윤혜정 이화여자대학교 대학원 1996 국내석사

일본의 개호보험제도에 관한 연구

윤혜정 청주대학교 사회복지·행정대학원 2005 국내석사

In early 2003, the Roh Mu-hyun Government adopted the policy that long-term care system would be in force from 2007, and it opened 'the Public Long-term Care Promotion and Planning Team' as an advisory team to make the system structure. Prior to enforcement of public long-term care insurance in the nation, the study introduced suggestion points of nursing insurance system in Japan. Firstly, the public long-term care insurance system would be introduced as follows: At first, a model system would be in force from July 2005 to June 2006 in the nation. The first program is to manage the public long-term care insurance system by health insurance fund from 2007 to 2010. The second program is to manage an independent system from 2007. The third program is to do model business for five years starting from 2005 and to do main business from 2010. The Japanese Government introduced nursing insurance in a hurry because medical expenses for older people rapidly increased owing to long-term hospitalization of the ones who had neither home nor money ( 增田擁熊, 2003). Being different from Japan, patients in Korea should bear high co-payment and could not stay at hospitals for older people and nursing rooms because of limited number, so that they were not likely to be in hospital for a long time without money (Park Su-cheon, 2005:67) . Considering insufficient nursing home in the nation, the Government needs not introduce the public long-term care insurance system in a hurry. However, the Government is required to construct nursing infrastructure urgently to satisfy nursing demand and to give nursing services partially and to introduce the system completely later. Secondly, social consensus should be made. In 1970, in Japan, nursing system for older people became social issue. The Japanese people cognized limit of family nursing in the process of various kinds of nursing policies for older people, and the Japanese Government had financial difficulties, and the Japanese people made consensus that high quality nursing would be made at home but could not be a fundamental program for post nursing. In Korea, however, urgent needs and justification of the nursing system were emphasized. The point at issue is thought to be very much important to let the people agree to it. Thirdly, management entity is thought to be important. A draft of the public long-term care insurance system suggested the program that the National Health Insurance Corporation would manage the system and local governments would support it. The draft considered mixture of management entity, that is to say, the National Health Insurance Corporation and local governments. Despite of advantages of mutual cooperation, the management entity shall have uncertain responsibility owing to dual management system: And, single health insurance system would be reorganized to be multi-health insurance systems. Being different from Japan, Korea has adopted single insurer system in the nation of health insurance to be easy to settle unbalance of insurance finance between regions, and the National Health Insurance Corporation shall collect insurance premium to alleviate local governments' burden. In Japan, local governments may be likely to make change of patterns of local administration by managing nursing system. Local autonomous government can be made by nursing administration that can meet regional characteristics and make residents participate in it. Fourthly, the public long-term care insurance system should last continuously. After 4-years trial, the nursing system in Japan reached a conclusion that continuity of the system would be important. The nursing service joined by family and neighbors may be effective in cost and elevate quality to be a shortcut to continuous system. A draft of the public long-term care insurance system in Korea is much similar to nursing insurance in Japan. However, Korea has different long-term care history, aging degree, economic ability, nursing home infrastructure, family consciousness, and local autonomy levels, etc to have difficulties at introducing Japanese system as it is. Therefore, the study suggested followings to minimize trials and errors based on Japanese experience. The introduction of the public long-term care system to Korea is not thought to be much quick. Currently, the governmental policies for older people were not free from relief of the poor based on low income households, in particular, in nursing home. Therefore, the Government is required to establish nursing system and to get nursing finance and to reach national consensus. And, the Korean Government is required to set up directions of aging policy by referring to welfare policy of not only Japan but also other advanced countries and to put an emphasis upon the subject of aging above all of other areas such as politics, economy and culture, etc.

바로크식 알토 리코더의 단계별 심화지도 방안 : 중학교 2학년을 중심으로

윤혜정 경북대학교 교육대학원 2011 국내석사

In musical education, instrumental music class not only satisfies the student's desire to express themselves, but also help them creatively express their feelings and thoughts and allow even those who avoid singing experience the beauty and pleasure of music. For this class, a recorder is the most common, portable and easy to play musical instrument, so that perfect for educational environment like school where a group of students are taught together in one classroom. An alto recorder particularly posses a sweeter tone which is similar to human voice and capable of conveying more emotions, producing a deeper and more mellow sound. Moreover, the long alto recorder is better suited for beginners to learn and maintain right hand work than the short soprano recorder. Despite these advantages, there are few theme musics and reference musics for the alto recorder found in text books, so it is difficult to provide students with in-depth instructions on how to play the alto recorder. Therefore, this study identified main concepts regarding playing style and fingering and suggested better teaching method by dividing them into five steps. It also suggested new theme musics and teaching techniques which can be effectively used in the in-depth music courses, by comparing and analyzing music textbooks of the second year-course of middle school. The five-step teaching method directs teachers to make sure students understand basic knowledge of playing styles and fingering of alto recorder first, and then teach additional skills including fingering, articulation, treble exercise, double-tonguing, and further techniques to let students practice studies enough and finally play new theme musics. Specifically among the suggested three Minutest, Bach's Minuet is used for teaching fingering of 'mi' note of 2-octave treble and playing styles of the upper mordent and the lower mordent; Johann Philipp Krieger's Minuet for teaching fingering and tonguing techniques for precisely playing a trill; Bizet's Minuet for teaching acciaccatura and double tonguing. It also argues that applying various articulations in a natural and accurate manner will help better express the feel of theme musics. In order to improve students' ability to play the recorder, reinforced professionalism of instructors and right teaching method are required. Therefore teachers need to enhance their own playing skills using diverse educational materials before teaching students. Proper teaching method may help improve students' playing skills as well as their interests in music and abilities of score reading and expression. It is also desirable that students can learn how to play the alto recorder faster and better based on constant practice through the courses using these in-depth teaching materials.

스포츠마사지가 사무직 직장인의 체열과 피로도에 미치는 영향

윤혜정 조선대학교 대학원 2021 국내박사

Most office workers have to sit and use computers all day. Considering this important problem, this study aimed to investigate the complementary and alternative medical effects of massage therapy on office workers. Specifically, this study attempted to determine whether sports massage has a significant difference in changes in office workers' body heat and fatigue for office workers. To conduct this study, a total of 50 office workers were randomly selected and divided into the experimental group and the control group. The body temperature of various parts of the body (left and right of deltoid muscle, left and right of erector spinae muscle, left and right of flexor carpi radialis, left and right of peroneus longus) were measured before and after receiving massage treatments. The measurement tool for fatigue consists of 19 items on a 5-point Likert scale. If the score was high than 36 points, the individual was experiencing fatigue. Body heat was measured using an Infrared Thermal Imager Manufactured by Mesh. Overall, the results showed a positive correlation between receiving massage treatment and the increase in body temperature, excepting, peroneuslongus. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the massage and the decrease of fatigue. Thus, it suggests that sports massage will raise body temperature and help blood circulation. When received regularly, sports massage should have positive effects on muscle pain as well as posture correction on office workers.

鉛中毒에 있어서 δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase活性에 미치는 ascorbic acid 및 methionine의 效果에 關한 硏究

윤혜정 서울대학교 대학원 1975 국내박사