다른 강도의 유산소성 및 저항성 운동이 제2형 당뇨 마우스의 항당뇨, 지질 개선에 미치는 영향

윤병곤,박찬호,신기옥,노희태,김도연,김정숙,하수민,우진희 한국응용과학기술학회 2019 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.36 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise of different intensity on anti-diabetic and lipid profile improvement in type 2 diabetic mice. C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups (n=8, in each group): normal group (Normal), type 2 diabetes (DM), type 2 diabetes+VO 2 max 50% aerobic exercise group (DM50A), type 2 diabetes+VO 2 max 75% aerobic exercise group (DM75A), type 2 diabetes+1RM 50% resistance exercise group (DM50R), and type 2 diabetes+1RM 75% resistance group (DM75R). DM50A and DM75A were subjected to treadmill exercise 40 min/day, 5 days/week, during 8 weeks (DM50A, at the speed of 8 m/min for 1-4 weeks and 8~10 m/min for 5-8 weeks; DM75A, 12 m/min for 1-4 weeks and 12~14 m/min for 5-8weeks). DM50R (1RM50%) and DM75R (1RM75%) were subjected to ladder-climbing exercise with weights secured to their tails, 8 set/day, 5 days/week, during 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of exercise, fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR was significantly lower in DM group than in DM group. HbA1c showed significantly lower DM50R and DM75R groups than DM group. HDL-C showed the highest level in DM75A group and triglyceride was lowest in DM75R group. The cardiovascular risk index was lowest in the Normal and DM75A groups. Therefore, moderate intensity exercise in T2DM mice showed better improvement in blood glucose and insulin resistance control, and moderate intensity aerobic exercise was effective in reducing the cardiovascular risk index by increasing HDL-C levels. 제2형 당뇨 마우스로 8주간 50%, 75% 강도의 유산소성 및 저항성 운동을 수행하여 항 당뇨및 지질 개선에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 39주령 C57BL/6 마우스 48마리를 일반식이정상군 (Normal, n=8)을 제외하고, Streptozotocin (STZ)으로 당뇨를 유발하여 제2형 당뇨군(DM, n=8), 제2형 당뇨+VO 2 max 50% 유산소운동군(DM50A, n=8), 제2형 당뇨+VO 2 max 75% 유산소운동군(DM75A, n=8), 제2형 당뇨+1RM 50% 저항운동군(DM50R, n=8), 그리고 제2형 당뇨+1RM 75% 저항운동군 (DM75R, n=8)으로 구분하였다. 유산소성 운동은 주 5일, 1일 40분씩 8주간 트레드밀 운동을 실시하였으 며, DM50A군은 1~4주는 8m/min, 5~8주는 8~10m/min으로, DM75A군은 1~4주는 12m/min, 5~8주는 12~14m/min으로 점증하여 실시하였다. 저항성 운동은 주5일 8주간 사다리 저항운동을 실시하였으며, DM50R군은 1RM의 50%, DM75R군은 1RM의 75%로 운동 반복 사이 2분간의 휴식을 주어 총 8번의 Climbing을 실시하였다. 8주간의 운동 후 공복 혈당은 DM군에 비해 DM운동군에서 유의적으로 낮았으 며, 인슐린은 운동에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었으나, HOMA-IR은 DM군에 비해 DM운동군이 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. HbA1c는 DM군에 비해 DM50R 및 DM75R군이 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 총콜레스테롤과 LDL-C는 DM운동군 간의 차이가 없었으나, HDL-C는 DM75A군이 가장 높은 수준으로 나타났고, 중성지방은 DM75R군이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 심혈관 위험 지수는 Normal군 및 DM75A군이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 T2DM 마우스에서 중강도의 저항성 운동은 혈당 및 인슐린 저항성 조절에 더 나은 개선을 보여주었으며, 중강도의 유산소성 운동은 HDL-C 수준 증가를 통한 심혈관 위험 지수를 감소 하는 데 효과적이었다.

운동 시 대사적 산성화에 관한 고찰

윤병곤 한국응용과학기술학회 2018 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.35 No.4

The development of acidosis during intense exercise has traditionally been explained by the increased production of lactic acid which causes the release of a proton and the formation of the acid salt sodium lactate. Through this explanation, when the rate of lactate production is high enough to exceed cellular proton buffering capacity, cellular pH is decreased. This biochemical process has been termed lactic acidosis. This belief has been an interpretation that lactate production causes acidosis and fatigue during intense exercise. However, this review provides clear evidence that there is no biochemical support for lactate production causing acidosis and fatigue. Metabolic acidosis is caused by an increased reliance on nonmitochondrial ATP turnover. Lactate production is essential for muscle to produce cytosolic NAD + to support continued ATP regeneration from glycolysis. In addition, Lactate production consumes protons. Although lactate accumulation can be a good indirect indicator for decreased cellular and blood pH, that is not direct causing acidosis. 고강도 운동 시 산성화의 과정은 수소이온의 방출과 젖산 나트륨염을 형성하는 젖산의 생산 증가에 따른 것이라 설명되어져 왔다. 이 설명에 의하면, 젖산의 생산 비율이 세포내의 수소이온 완충 능력을 초과하였을 때 세포의 수소이온 농도는 증가한다고 한다. 이러한 생화학적 과정을 젖산의 산성화라 한다. 이 이론에 따라 고강도 운동 시 젖산의 생산이 대사적 산성화와 피로의 원인이 되는 것으로 해석되어져 왔다. 그러나, 본 고찰에서는 젖산의 생산이 산성화와 피로의 원인이라는 어떠한 생화학적 근거가 없음을 명확히 제시하고 있다. 오히려 젖산의 생산은 해당과정에서 필요한 NAD + 의 지속적인 공급을 위해 필수적이며 수소이온을 소비하는 대사과정이다. 젖산의 축적은 세포와 혈중의 수소이온 농도의 증가를 알려주는 좋은 지표가 될 수는 있지만 그것이 산성화의 직접적인 원인은 아니다.

운동 형태에 따른 노인 여성들의 건강관련 체력의 변화

윤병곤,박찬호 한국응용과학기술학회 2020 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.37 No.6

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of the types of exercise on the health-related fitness among the elderly women, and to provide the information for managing and preventing the chronic disease. 40 elderly women who living in the B metropolitan city participated in the study and randomly divided four groups(control, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and combined exercise). The exercise groups performed 50 min, 3 times/week for 8 weeks at RPE 11-13. Low body strength, dynamic balance, static balance, and agility were significantly improved in all exercise groups after the intervention. Cardiovascular endurance was improved in aerobic and combined exercise groups. Consequently, any types of exercise could be improved the daily living fitness for elderly women if exercise intensity were the same. In addition, the combined exercise may be more suitable type of exercise for elderly. 본 연구는 운동 형태에 따른 여성 노인들의 건강관련체력 변화를 규명하여 만성질환을 관리 하고 상해를 예방하는데 도움을 주는 운동을 선택하는데 자료를 제공하는데 있다, B 광역시에 거주하는 72-78세의 노인여성을 통제그룹 10명, 유산소 운동그룹 10명, 저항 운동그룹 10명, 복합 운동그룹 10 명으로 분류하여 8주간 주 3회, 50분/회 운동을 실시하였다. 운동 강도는 모든 운동그룹에 동일하게 RPE 11-13으로 설정하였다. 하지근력, 동적평형성, 정적평형성, 그리고 민첩성은 모든 운동 그룹에서 운동 후 유의하게 향상된 결과를 보였으나, 심폐지구력은 유산소 운동 그룹과 복합운동그룹에서만 운동후 향상된 결과가 나타났다. 결론적으로 여성 노인들에게 운동 강도가 같다면 어떠한 운동 형태든지 일상생활과 관련된 체력의 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 복합 운동이 노인들에게 보다 적합한 운동 형태라 할 수 있을 것이다.

제2형 여성 당뇨병 환자들의 운동 강도에 따른 지방 산화율의 비교

윤병곤 한국웰니스학회 2013 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 한국 제 2형 여성 당뇨병 환자들을 대상으로 서로 다른 운동 강도에서의 지방 산화율의 차이를 규명하는데 있다. 과체중 또는 비만 여성 당뇨병 환자 30명을 연구대상으로 설정하였다. 사이클 에르고미터위에서 최대 운동 부하 검사를 먼저 실시하였으며, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% 그리고 80%의 심박수 예비량(HRR)에 해당되는 운동 부하를 설정하였다. 1 주일의 간격을 두고 모든 피험자들은 12시간의 공복 상태로 최대 하 운동 검사에 참여하였다. 최대 하 운동 검사는 각 4분간 40, 50, 60, 70, 80%의 HRR에 해당되는 steady state운동으로 구성되었다. 지방 산화율의 계산은 가스호흡 분석기를 이용하여 요질소(urinary nitrogen) 배출을 무시하고 scoichiometric공식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 50%(119.6 ± 14.1 mg/min)의 심박수 예비량 운동 강도에서 가장 높은 지방 산화율을 보였으며, 50%와 60%(111.8 ± 12.4 mg/min) 심박수 예비량에서의 지방 산화율은 40%(96.5 ± 8.9 mg/min), 70%(92.5 ± 7.3 mg/min)와 80%(37.4 ± 3.4 mg/min) 심박수 예비량에서 보다 높은 지방 산화율을 보였다. 그러나 50%와 60%의 심박수 예비량 운동 강도에서는 지방 산화율의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 80% 예비 심박수 운동 강도에서의 지방 산화율은 다른 운동 강도들에 비해 통계적으로 낮은 수치를 보였다. 결론적으로, 50%와 60% 심박수 예비량 운동 강도에서는 상대적으로 높은 지방 산화율을 보였으며, 이러한 운동 강도는 한국 제 2형 여성 당뇨병 환자들의 적절한 운동 강도로서 사용되어 질 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of fat oxidation on different exercise intensities among the Korean type II diabetes female. 30 type II diabetes female Subjects who were classified as overweight or obesity were recruited in this study. They performed maximal exercise test on the cycle ergometer, and than exercise intensities(40%, 50%, 60%,, 70% and 80% of hear rate reverve:HRR) were determined. After a week, they performed five four minute steady-state exercises at 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of HRR on the cycle ergometer under the 12-hour fasting condition. The fat oxidation were calculated by indirect calorimetry from gas exchange measurements according to the non-protein respiratory quotient technique and using stoichiometric equations. The fat oxidation rate was the highest in 50% of HRR(119.6 ± 14.1 mg/min), and the fat oxidation in 50%and 60%(111.8 ±12.4 mg/min) of HRR significantly higher than in 40%(96.5 ± 8.9 mg/min), 70%(92.5 ± 7.3 mg/min), and 80%(37.4 ± 3.4 mg/min) of HRR, respectively. However, there was no different fat oxidation between 50% and 60% of HRR. In addition, the fat oxidaiton in 80% of HRR was statistically lower than the fat oxidation in other intensities. In conclusion, the 50% and 60% of HRR may have more fat oxidation, and may be suitable exercise intensity for Korean type II diabetes female.

The Effect of Intermittent Caloric Restriction on Weight Loss and Maintenance in Overweight College Students

윤병곤 한국웰니스학회 2017 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of an intermittent caloric restriction(ICR) using daily 16 hours fasting and 8 hours feeding on weight loss over 12 weeks, and to verify the adaptation of ICR for weight loss maintenance at 6 months. 40 young college students were recruited for this study and randomly divided 20 control (C) and 20 intermittent caloric restriction (ICR) group. All subjects were measured weight, % of fat, waist-to-hip ratio, physical fitness tests, and amount of daily caloric intake. 36 completed the 12 week weight loss intervention program (19 Control (C) and 17 ICR), and 27 (15 C and 12 ICR) were analyzed for the unsupported follow-up period. C group was not changed their weight, BMI, body fat, WHR over the time. However, weight, BMI, body fat, and WHR significantly decreased with time in ICR group. Daily caloric intake was significantly changed in ICR group across the times. ICR group were maintained weight loss and lowered daily caloric intake. Both groups were not statistically changed in components of physical fitness among baseline, 12 weeks, and 6 months. In conclusion, ICR may be an effective strategy of weight loss and maintenance, and it may be practical method to adapt to change life style.

8주간의 격렬한 유산소 운동이 SOD 및 pro-apoptotic 유전인자에 미치는 영향

윤병곤,조원제,전용균,이동복,윤성준,이지영,박인태 한국웰니스학회 2009 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the response of antioxdant enzyme of SOD activity level and apoptotic gene expression of Bax mRNA by intense aerobic exercise. Subjects of this study were SD (sprague dawley) male rats and they were randomly assigned in groups (control group, n=6; intense exercise group, n=6). They performed intense aerobic exercise for 8 weeks. After exercise stability and forty-eight hour legitimacy, the soleus muscle was obtained following anesthesia by Ether. An independent t-test was utilized for analyses. As the results, the SOD activity level was significantly higher in the intense aerobic exercise group compared to the control group (p<.01). And the gene expression of apoptosis in Bax mRNA was significantly higher in the intense aerobic exercise group compared to the control group (p<.001). Therefore, increased antioxidant enzyme activity level and gene expression of apoptosis in Bax mRNA were positively influenced by intense aerobic exercise.

최대산소섭취량 측정 시 측정간격에 따른 정체현상의 변화와 종료기준의 적용

윤병곤,곽이섭,Yoon, Byung-Kon,Kwak, Yi-Sub 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.9

The purpose of this study was to elucidate incidence of $VO_2$ plateau by comparing data derived from different time averaging intervals during incremental cycling exercise to $VO_2max$. Seventeen subjects (age: $23.5{\pm}3.3$ years and $VO_2max$: $3.65{\pm}0.73$ L/min, respectively) completed $VO_2max$ tests on cycle ergometer which breath by breath gas ex-change data were obtained. These data were time-averaged into 11-breath, 15, 30 and 60 s sampling intervals. The incidence of plateau were 100, 35, 24 and 6% for the 11 breath, 15 s, 30 s and 60 s averaging, respectively. No correlation was between ${\Delta}$ $VO-2$ at $VO_2max$ and $VO_2max$ (r=0.008). 53% (maximal HR within 10 b/min) and 100% $(RER{\geq}1.15)$ of subjects met the criteria for attainment of $VO_2max$. This data indicate that shorter sampling intervals (11 breath) is the most suitable for de-tection of the $VO_2$ plateau and RER can be used for the criteria for attainment of $VO_2max$ but not maximal HR. Also, the incidence of a plateau is not related to training status or physical fitness of subjects.

이중 스펙클 간섭계를 이용한 전단간섭계의 변형 측정 한계 측정

윤병곤,윤재선,Yoon Byung Gon,Yoon Jae Sun 한국광학회 2004 한국광학회지 Vol.15 No.5

나뉜 렌즈를 사용하는 스펙클 전단 간섭계로 전단링(shear)에 따라 변형을 가하지 않은 상태에서 물체에 대한 동일한 두 장의 스펙클그램 쌍들을 제작하여, 이중 스펙클 기법을 사용함으로서 전단량에 따라 이 전단간섭계의 측정한계를 구하였다. 이 측정한계는 기존의 방법으로 얻어지는 값과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. In this paper, we used a split-lens speckle shear interferometer using a double speckle interferometer, which enables continuous measurement of the deformation. We made two identical specklegrams corresponding to an object. With this method we could detect the measuring limits of the deformation for various shears. This experimental results showed that the measuring limits of a split-lens speckle shear interferometer are similar to the measuring limits of a double exposure speckle interferometer.

The comparison of VO2max, maximal HR, maximal RER and protocol duration between treadmill and elliptical cross-training from maximal tests

윤병곤 한국체육학회 2019 International journal of human movement science Vol.13 No.3

The purpose of this study was to compare VO2max, maximal HR, maximal RER and protocol duration between the treadmill and elliptical cross-trainer. Twenty active individuals (10 men and 10 women, mean age, height, weight, and body composition = 29.5±7.1 yr, 173.3±12.6 cm, 72.3±7.9 kg, and 17.3±5.0 %) completed treadmill and Precor elliptical cross-trainer VO2max tests separated by 1-3 days. VO2max (47.9 vs 47.3 ml/kg/min), maximal HR (186 vs 184 b/min), maximal RER (1.22 vs 1.25), and protocol duration (11.56 vs 12.17 min) were not significantly different between treadmill running and elliptical cross-training tests. In conclusion the elliptical cross-trainer may have similar maximal physiological values as compared to treadmill running during VO2max testing.

노인들의 체력 변화와 운동의 제언

윤병곤,Yoon, Byung-Kon 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.6

The aging is related to numerous changes in our body system which declines functional ability. The functional ability in advanced age can be evaluated by the 4 components of fitness (cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility and body composition). The understanding and knowledge of changing 4 components of fitness and the role of exercise on the process of aging is of paramount importance. Despite exercise and physical activity have been shown to delay the process of aging, the exercise guidelines and recommendations for old adults are not well published. This review is to presents the age-related changes in each component of fitness and to present current guidelines and recommendations for exercise in older adults.