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유강,정원 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 2013 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.1
Recycling and remanufacturing industry is environmentally and economically important industry and provides significant benefits to prevent waste of potentially useful materials and reduce energy usage. The purpose of this research is to investigate the trend of recycling and remanufacturing industry in Korea and other countries such as Germany, Japan and Amirica. Recycling involves processing used materials into new products and remanufacturing is an industrial process in which worn-out products are restored to like-new condition. The presented information is generally quite valuable to promote green growth industry as an important alternative in the 21st centry.
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홉스테드의 문화 차원 이론을 활용한 중국 애니메이션 영화 문화의 수출 모델 분석 -<나소흑전기>를 중심으로-
유강,장동렬 한국만화애니메이션학회 2023 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.71
According to the data released by the State Film Administration of China, the total box office of China in 2021 is about 7.3 billion dollars (default US dollars are not marked in the following currency), accounting for 34.79% of the global box office of 21.3 billion, the total box office of the world’s first. In 2022, affected by the policy of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, China’s annual box office of 4.33 billion, down 36% compared with 2021. But the total is still the world’s second largest. Although China has a huge commercial market, its export capacity is seriously insufficient. Against this background, the State Film Administration of China issued the 14th Five-Year Plan for China’s Film Development in November 2021, proposing that China will build itself into a powerful film country by 2035 and greatly increase the voice and influence of Chinese films in the world film industry. China began to seek export of video industry culture. The film “going to sea” proposed by China focuses not only on the global commercial development of Chinese national films, but also on enhancing the confidence and influence of Chinese culture. But China’s ability to export its films abroad is relatively weak. According to the preliminary statistics from the China Film and Television International Licensing Trading Platform, the overseas box office of Chinese films in 2021 is about 43.48 million yuan, a far cry from the total box office of 7.3 billion yuan in China. Due to its special interest, animation is “painting culture” and “painting language”, which can break through the language barrier to conquer the global market and has natural advantages in external communication. The 2019 film <罗小黑战记> which cost only about 5 million yuan, earned 45.78 million yuan at the domestic box office; Released in Japan in 2020, it grossed 560 million yen ($3.9 million) at the Japanese box office. This achievement not only created the record of box office revenue of Chinese animation films released overseas, but also occupied the 9th place in the box office of Japanese animation films in 2020, and the 2nd place in the box office of animation imported from Japan. It has achieved success both in China and “overseas”. Looking at the history of modern Chinese animation films, this is also the first case and very representative. No matter which country or region wants to export films that focus on the cultural value of its own country, it is bound to face problems related to “cross-cultural”. Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimension is the first theory of cross-cultural communication that uses quantitative data to analyze cross-cultural differences. Since the 1990s, it has received great attention from theoretical and practical researches of cross-cultural communication. This theory concretizes the cultural differences between countries and regions in a relatively objective way. This paper will use this theory to specifically analyze how <罗小黑战 记> solves the “cross-cultural” problem and is welcomed in both the Chinese and Japanese markets, so as to explore the cultural strategies for the export of Chinese animation works to foreign countries. 중국 국가 영화 총국(中國國家電影總局)이 발표한 자료에 따르면, 2021년중국의 총 박스오피스 수입은 약 73억 USD(이하 화폐 표기가 없을 경우 USD로 간주)로 전 세계 총 박스오피스 수입인 213억 USD의 34.79%를 차지하였으며, 관람객수는 전 세계 1위이다. 중국은 방대한 상업 시장을 가지고 있지만, 대외 수출 능력은 심각하게 부족한 상황이다. 이러한 배경에서 중국 국가 영화국(中國國家電影局)은 2021년 11월에 《‘제14차 5개년’ 중국 영화 발전 계획(“十四五”中國電影發展規劃)》을 발표하여 2035년까지 중국은 영화 강국을 건설하여 세계 영화계에서 중국 영화의 발언권과 영향력을 크게 향상시킬 것이라고 하였다. 중국이 영상 산업 문화의 수출을 도모하기 시작한 것이다. 애니메이션은 그 자체로 특별한 재미가 있는 ‘그림의 문화’, ‘그림의 언어’ 이며 이러한 특성 때문에 언어의 장벽을 넘어 전 세계 시장을 정복할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 2019년에 상영되었던 제작비가 약 500만에 불과했던 애니메이션 <나소흑전기>는 중국 내에서 4578만 박스오피스 수입을 기록하였을 뿐 아니라, 동시에 2020년 일본에서 상영되었을 때, 일본 박스오피스총 수입이 5.6억 ¥(약 390만 USD)을기록했다. 이러한 성적은 중국 애니메이션영화의 해외 배급 박스오피스 수입의 새로운 기록을 창조했을 뿐만 아니라, 2020년 일본 애니메이션 박스오피스에서도 9위를 차지했으며, 일본에 수입된 애니메이션 중에서는 2위를 차지하였다. 중국 국내와 ‘해외 수출’에서 모두 성공을 거둔 것은 중국 애니메이션 영화의 역사에서 첫 번째 사례이자 매우 상징적인 성취이다. 어떤 국가, 지역이든 중국 자국 문화의 중점적인 가치를 담은 영화를 해외에 수출하려면, 반드시 ‘이문화’와 관련된 문제에 직면하게 된다. 홉스테드의문화 차원 이론은 문화간 의사소통학을 처음으로 양적 데이터를 사용하여 분석한 문화간 차이를 나타내는 이론으로 1920년대부터 문화간 의사소통학 이론과 실천 연구의 지대한 관심을 받았다. 이 이론은 국가 간의 문화 차이를 비교적 객관적으로 구체화하고 있다. 본 논문은 이 이론을 활용하여 <나소흑전기>가 ‘이문화’ 문제를 어떻게 해결해야 중국과 일본 시장에서 동시에 환영을받을 수 있을지를 구체적으로 분석하고 중국 애니메이션 작품의 대외 문화 수출의 문화적 전략을 연구하였다.
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ZnO 초미립분말 분산이 수용액으로부터 Ag이온을 수거하기 위한 광촉매 작용에 미치는 영향
유강,박혜정,정윤중,이재춘,박성 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2006 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.-
ZnO nanopowders were prepared by solution-combustion method (SCM). The SCM ZnO nanopowders were treated by five different dispersants. They were used as a photocatalyst to remove Ag ions from a used photographic developing solution. The Ag ion removal rates by the dispersed SCM ZnO nanopowders were then compared to those by otherphotocatalyst powders such as ZnO(Junsei, Japan), P25 TiO₂ (Degussa, Germany) and TiO₂ powder prepared by homogeneous precipitation process at low temperature (HPPLT). The dispersion of SCM ZnO nanopowderin the solution enhanced the Ag ion removal rate up to about 20folds compared to P25 TiO₂ nanopowder and 5 folds to SCM ZnO nanopowders without dispersion. Sodium hexametaphosphate was the most effective dispersant among them.
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유강,정원,김종환 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 2014 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.1
Since the year of 2000, many countries introduced new regulation that required railway companies to implement safety management system(SMS). A truly functioning SMS is the foundation of an effective safety culture, and the final objective of the SMS is to enhance safety culture within the industry. This system was common to the safety-critical systems such as nuclear and aviation industries. For high-risk industries, the accident management for low-frequency major accident as well as the management of day-to-day operation are absolutely necessary works that should be continued. In this paper, we present a case study of European safety management system based on the risk assessment, and how the results of the risk assessment can be applied in practical business administration.
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유강,정원 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 2012 産業技術硏究 Vol.23 No.1
Light emitting diode (LED) is used widely in general lighting, automotive and outdoor lights. The adoption of LED in this field is due to its reliability and energy saving. However, over a period of time, the light output of LED degrades and will no longer meet the needs of the application. Therefore research is needed to study on reliability estimation, failures and reliability improvements on LED. This paper will present the study of failures and reliability testing for LED. Reliability improvement technologies will be discussed in this paper as well.
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유강은,Lee Wonseok,Kang Kyungnam,김인환,Kang Daehun,Oh Dong Kyo,Kim Min Cheol,Choi Hyunsik,김광준,Kim Minwook,Kim Jeong Dae,Park Inkyu,옥종걸 나노기술연구협의회 2020 Nano Convergence Vol.7 No.24
We have developed the low-temperature conformal ZnO nanowire fabrication on flexible plastic substrates by utilizing the solution-processible metal seed-assisted hydrothermal ZnO crystallization. Structural evolution of ZnO nanowires controlled by major parameters involving growth temperature, growth time, and seed coating condition, has been systematically investigated towards uniform and large-area growth of conformal ZnO nanowires. Direct ZnO nanowire growth on flexible plastics without undergoing the high-temperature seed sintering has been realized by developing the low-temperature Ag-seeded hydrothermal ZnO nanowire growth. The nanoporous Ag layer favorable for ZnO crystal nucleation and continued nanowire growth can be reduced from the Ag ion solution coating at the temperature as low as 130 °C. This tactfully enables the selective hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanowires on the Ag patterns on flexible plastics. Such an all-solution-processible low-temperature fabrication protocol may provide an essential and practical solution to develop many diverse applications including wearable and transparent electronics, sensors, and photocatalytic devices. As one example, we demonstrate that a transparent UV sensor can be devised based on the ZNW growth on the Ag micromesh electrode.
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