봄철 동해에서 해수중 210Po과 210Pb의 농도분포특성

양한섭 ( Han Seob Yang ),김성수 ( Soung Soo Kim ),이재철 ( Jae Chul Lee ) 한국수산학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.2

1993년 3월에 통해 중부해역에 위치한 6개 정점의 100m 상부층에서 210Po과 210Pb의 수직농도분포를 측정하고, 이들 두 핵종의 거동이 수괴에 따라 어떻게 달라지는 지를 알아보았다. 또한, 1992년 5월과 1994년 4월에 동해에서 측정한 자료들을 이용하여 봄철에 동해의 상부층에서 210Po과 210Pb의 거동을 지배하는 요인을 알아보았다. 210Pb의 농도는 정점에 따라 다소의 차이가 있으나 대체적으로 표층에서 가장 높고, 수심이 깊어짐에 따라 점차 감소하는 양상을 보인다. 210Po의 농도는 층별 차이가 매우 작으나, 클로로필 a의 농도가 가장 높은 정점 E3에서는 30m 상부층이 하부층에 비해 비교적 낮다. 또한 210Po은 모든 정점의 30m 상부층에서 어미핵종보다 부족량을 보이나, 그 하부층에서는 거의 방사평형된 농도를 보이거나 혹은 다소 과잉량을 보인다. 특히, 상부층에서 210Po의 부족량은 클로로필 a의 농도가 가장 높은 정점 E3과 강한 수온약충이 상부층에 존재하고 있는 정점 E6에서 가장 크다. 그러나 210Pb은 전 정점의 모든 수층에서 어미핵종인 226Ra보다 과잉량을 보인다. 210Po의 체류시간은 1.0~7.8년의 범위로 클로로필 a의 농도가 높은 정점 E3와 비교적 강한 수온약층이 상부층에 존재하고 있는 정점 E6에서 가장 짧다. 또한, 1992년부터 1994년까지 봄철에 동해에서 얻어진 자료를 이용하여 50m 상부층에 대한 210Po의 제거속도상수와 클로로필 a의 현존량과 사이에는 좋은 역의 상관성을 보인다. 이는 봄철에 동해에서 해수중 210Po의 제거가 주로 생물생산력에 의해 좌우되고 있음을 의미한다. 반면에, 과잉량 210Pb의 현존량은 해수의 수직안정도와 역의 상관성을 보이는 것으로 보아 동해의 상층부에서 210Pb의 농도는 생물생산력 보다는 주로 해수의 수직안정도에 의해 좌우되는 것으로 생각된다. Vertical profiles of 210Pb and 210Po were measured for the upper 100m of water column at six stations in the middle region of the Korean East Sea during March 1993. The distribution patterns of these radionuclides with the water mass and controlling factors on their distributions were also discussed. 210Pb activities were generally high at surface water and gradually decrease with depth. Vertical profiles of 210Po were relatively homogeneous except for at station E3, where chlorophyll-a concentration was the highest and 210Po activity in the upper 30m was lower than below 50m. The 210Po activities relative to its parent 210Pb at all stations were deficient at the upper 30m, but were excess or nearly equilibrated values below 50m. The magnitude of 210Po deficiency was relatively high at station E3 and E6, where strong thermocline occured. However, 210Pb activities showed strong excess in the upper 100m of all stations, compared with its parent 226Ra. The residence time of 210Po ranged from 1.0 to 7.8 years, and was relatively short at station E3 and E6. The data obtained at the upper 50m water column during 1992~1994, also showed that removal rate constant of 210Po and inventories of chlorophyll-a was negatively related. This indicates that the primary production plays an important role in controlling the distributions of 210Po at the upper water column of the Korean East Sea in spring. While, inventories of excess 210Pb was generally decreasing with increasing density difference between 50m and 100m, suggesting that 210Pb concentrations in the upper water column were controlled by stability of water column.

동해 극전선의 영양염류 순환과정 2 . 1995 년 동계 입자태 유기탄소 및 유기질소의 분포

양한섭(Han Seob Yang),문창호(Chang Ho Moon),오석진(Seok Jin Oh),이행필(Haeng Pil Lee) 한국수산과학회 1997 한국수산과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

The chemical properties of water masses were investigated at 33 stations of the southeastern East Sea in February, 1995 on board R/V Tam-Yang. The water masses were not clearly distinguished due to the vertical mixing in winter. However, on the basis of the T-S and T-O₂ diagrams, water masses in the study area were divided into five groups(Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, Type V). (1) >9.0℃, >34.35 psu, 5.08-5.60㎖/ℓ at Type I, (2) 6.0-9.0℃, 34.15-34.35 psu, 5.60-5.90㎖/ℓ at Type II, (3) 4.0-6.0℃, 34.00-34.15 psu, >5.90㎖/ℓ at Type III, (4) 1.5-4.0℃, 34.00-34.05 psu, 5.40-5.90㎖/ℓ at Type IV, (5) <1.5℃, 34.05-34.07 psu, 4.80-5.40㎖/ℓ at Type V. In the vertical profiles of nutrients, the concentrations were very low in the surface layer and increased rapidly with depth. The highest concentrations occurred in Type IV, while the concentrations in Type I were the lowest. The N/P ratios were less than Redfield ratio, indicating that nitrogenous nutrients were the limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. The concentrations of POC and PON were in the range of 0.49-20.03㎍-at/ℓ and 0.09-5.34㎍-at/ℓ, respectively. The relatively high concentration occured in the surface layer of inner shore, showing that the concentration at each water mass followed the order Type I > Type II > Type III > Type IV > Type V, respectively. The C:N ratio in particulate organic matter was lower than the values reported in other region due to relatively high concentrations of PON in the study area. Relatively high ratios of POC to chlorophyll α during the study periods indicate that non-living detritus comparised most of the POC in the study area.

음료수및 공업용수로서의 낙동강 하류수질에 대하여 2. 남지이남 낙동강 하류수의 중금속 함량에 대하여 (1977년 5월~1978년 4월)

원종훈,양한섭,WON Jong Hun,YANG Han Seob 한국수산과학회 1978 한국수산과학회지 Vol.11 No.3

The annual variations of some heavy metal concentrations, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg were determined on tile day of spring tides in every month from May 1977 to April 1978 at eight stations in the Nagdong River downstream. Samples were taken at intervals of one or two hours from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. at each station. Annual ranges and means of concentrations of the heavy metals are as follows : aluminium 40.7-3700 ppb, 286 ppb; manganese 10.3-261.5 ppb, 80.8 ppb; iron ND-1237 ppb, 147.7 ppb; copper ND-30.9 ppb, 2.49 ppb; lead ND-29.9 ppb, 1.10 ppb; zinc ND-156.8 ppb, 5.61 ppb; cadmium ND-1.22 ppb, 0.09 ppb; mercury ND-0.37 ppb, 0.02 ppb respectively. In general, the contents of heavy metals except managanese and mercury were higher at the stations above station one, Kupo, though the ranges of the contents showed remarkable difference according to the sampling stations. Annual means of the concentrations of iron and manganese were exceeded already the desirable standards for industrial water and closed to the criteria of raw water for public supply. The values that over the criteria of raw water were sometimes found. Mercury concentration showed comparative high level such as ND-0.37 ppb in annual range but it was not over the environment criterion, 0.5 ppb. Aluminium, iron and mercury showed generally high values in summer period and other metals in winter period, through the patterns of seasonal variations were difference depending on the sampling stations and the kind of metals.

2013년 하계 자란만 서부 연안의 Cochlodinium 적조 미발생 원인 : 영양염 자료를 중심으로

권형규,김현정,양한섭,오석진,Kwon, Hyeong-Kyu,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Yang, Han-Seob,Oh, Seok-Jin 해양환경안전학회 2014 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.20 No.4

2013년 하계 자란만 서부 연안에서 Cochlodinium polykrikoides 적조의 미발생 원인을 화학적 현장관측결과와 기존에 발표된 C. polykrikoides의 생리학적 자료를 이용하여 해석하였다. 조사기간 동안 식물플랑크톤 군집은 규조류가 우점하고 있었으며, Cerataulina pelagica, Chaetoceros spp., Navicula spp. 그리고 Nitzschia spp.가 주요 우점종으로 출현하였다. 자란만 서부 연안의 영양염 농도는 이전의 C. polykrikoides 적조 발생 시기에 비해서 DIP 농도는 유사하였지만, DIN 농도는 낮았다. 특히, C. polykrikoides는 자란만 서부 연안에서 우점종으로 출현하는 규조류들에 비해서 무기 영양염에 대한 반포화상수(Ks)가 낮아 이들과의 종 경쟁에서 불리한 위치에 있는 것으로 보였다. 또한 상대적으로 낮은 DIN 농도를 보인 자란만 서부 연안은 질소에 대한 의존성이 높은 C. polykrikoides가 증식하기 위해서 불리한 환경이었다. 따라서 자란만 서부 연안의 낮은 영양염 환경하에서 무기 영양염 경쟁에 대해 불리한 위치에 있는 C. polykrikoides는 규조류의 번무에 따라 출현이 억제된 것으로 생각된다. We investigated cause of non-outbreak of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in the western coast of Jaran Bay during Summer, 2013, by combining chemical field data and physiological data of C. polykrikoides, which had been already published. The predominant species were mainly diatoms, and dominant species was Cerataulina pelagica, Chaetoceros spp., Navicula spp. and Nitzschia spp.. In case of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the western coast of Jaran Bay, dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was similar to that in previous outbreak period of C. polykrikoides blooms, but dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was lower. C. polykrikoides might be disadvantageous in competition with diatom species because half-saturation constants (Ks) of C. polykrikoides for inorganic nutrients was lower than those of diatoms. Also, the western coast of Jaran Bay, where DIN concentration is relatively low, was an unfavorable environment for growth of C. polykrikoides characterized by nitrogen dependence. Therefore, C. polykrikoides which have the disadvantageous position for competition of inorganic nutrient might have been suppressed by diatom blooms under environment of low nutrient in the western coast of Jaran Bay.

미세조류 4종(Chlorella vulgaris, Nitzschia sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema sp.)의 성장에 미치는 발광다이오드 단일파장의 영향

오석진,권형규,전진영,양한섭,Oh, Seok-Jin,Kwon, Hyeong-Kyu,Jeon, Jin-Young,Yang, Han-Seob 해양환경안전학회 2015 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구는 규조류 Nitzschia sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema sp.와 녹조류 Chlorella vulgaris의 성장에 미치는 발광다이오드(LED) 단일파장의 영향을 파악하였다. 4종의 미세조류는 청색 LED(450 nm), 황색 LED(590 nm), 적색 LED(650 nm) 그리고 형광램프(복수파장)에서 배양하였다. Nitzschia sp., P. tricornutum 그리고 Skeletonema sp.의 최대성장속도와 최대세포밀도는 청색 LED에서 가장 높았고 형광램프, 적색 LED, 황색 LED 순이지만, C. vulgaris는 적색 LED에서 가장 높았다. 이는 청색 LED는 다른 파장에 비해서 규조류의 성장을 촉진시키는 작용을 하는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 미세조류의 단일파장 하에서 성장속도는 종 특이성 또는 분류군 특이성을 보이는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 이러한 결과는 향후 LED와 미세조류를 활용한 중금속 오염 퇴적물의 복원을 위한 중요한 정보로 활용 할 수 있을 것이다. We investigated the effect of monochromatic light emitting diode (LED) on the growth of diatoms Nitzschia sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema sp. and green algae Chlorella vulgaris. The four microalgae species were cultured under blue LED (450 nm), yellow LED (590 nm), red LED (650 nm) and fluorescent lamp (mixed wavelengths). The maximum growth rates and cell densities of Nitzschia sp., P. tricornutum and Skeletonema sp. were highest under blue LED, followed by fluorescent lamp, red LED and then yellow LED, however those of C. vulgaris were highest under red LED. This result indicates that blue LED is favorable for the growth of diatoms. Thus, the growth of microalgae under monochromatic light might be species-specific or taxon-specific. Also, these results could be used as an important information in future for remediation of heavy metal contamination in the sediments using LED and microalgae.

동해남부 대마난류계에서의 염소화 Biphenyls 의 분포특성

이동인(Dong In Lee),옥곤(Gon Ok),양한섭(Han Seob Yang),장윤석(Yoon Seok Chang) 한국수산과학회 1997 한국수산과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs) at the southern of Korean East Sea, vertical measurements of temperature, salinity, DO and PCBs were performed by each depth of 5 stations during August-October 1996. Thermocline and salinocline were generally existed at depth of 30m and wafer mass current of midwater in the southern of Korean East Sea was distributed below 30m depth. The distribution of surface water mass in this area was extended to Tsusima area from the southern offshore of the Korean East Sea. In August 1996, concentration range of PCBs had 0.22-0.36ng/ℓ at surface layer and their concentrations at near Tsusima offshore were relatively decreased. Total mean concentration of PCBs was 0.29ng/ℓ in the sea surface and 0.31ng/ℓ in the middle layer. PCBs seemed to correlate well with suspended particles. And vertical and horizontal distribution of their concentrations showed comparatively uniform pattern. Relatively high compositional ratio of Di- and Tri-PCBs could be found at the sea surface, while compositional ratio of Penta-PCBs dominates over other congener at deep layer.

한국 동해 남부 연안생태계 연구 1 . 1994 년 9 월에 있어서의 식물플랑크톤의 군집구조와 1 차 생산력

이준백(Joon Baek Lee),한명수(Myung Soo Han),양한섭(Han Seob Yang) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Phytoplankton community and primary productivity have been investigated in a fall season in the southern coastal waters of the East Sea, Korea. A strong thermocline formed at the 20-60m layer and a cold water mass also existed in the bottom around Yong-il Bay. The offshore of the surveyed area was likely to be influenced by relatively warmer water, whereas the inshore represented higher primary productivity with lower water temperature and lower salinity. A total of 133 species of phytoplankton occurred, representing 107 spp. of diatom, 23 spp. of dinoflagellate, 3 spp. of silicoflagellate. Skeletonema costatum and Asterionellepsis glacialis were most predominant with more than 30% dominance ratio, while Leptocylindrus danicus was also dominant at all transect lines. Standing crops of phytoplankton ranged from 2.7×10³ to 141.6×10³ cells ℓ^(-1). Chlorophyll a concentration varied with stations and layers, but the 30-50m layer showed maximum with about 1.18㎍ℓ^(-1) rather than at the surface layer. It is believed that the maximum in standing crops and chlorophyll of phytoplankton formed at the 20-50m layer above the thermocline during the survey. Phytoplankton primary productivity ranged from 0.32 to 3.04㎎C m^(-3) hr^(-1), showing higher at the inshore than at the offshore. The range of integrated primary productivity was 263.3-1085.5㎎C m^(-2) day^(-1) for the euphotic layer. Photosysthesis rates varied with the range from 0.76 to 8.04㎎C mgChl a^(-1) hr^(-1). Phytoplankton photosynthesis at the inshore was saturated at lower irradiance(15-35% of surface) and showed higher efficiency. Thus, it revealed that the phytoplankton community probably adapted to the middle of euphotic layer because the depth of mixing layer became thinner due to the formation of thermocline.

학술발표회 분야별 발표일정 : 2) 해양,환경분야 ; 구두발표: 식물플랑크톤의 (phosphorus) 공급원으로 중요한 alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzable phosphorus

오석진 ( O Seog Jin ),윤양호 ( Yun Yang Ho ),양한섭 ( Yang Han Seob ),( Tamiji Yamamoto ),( Yukihiko Matsuyama ),( Shigeru Itakura ),( Satoshi Nagai ) 한국수산학회 2003 추계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

제주도 해안에서 해저지하수의 유출에 의한 환경화학적 특성과 유출량 측정

박관석(Gwan-Serk Park),김규범(Gue-buem Kim),양한섭(Han-Seob Yang) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2004 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

We measured seepage rates of coastal groundwater from a volcanic island, standing in the South Sea of Korea. The seepage rates measured along the sandy coast were in the range 50~280 m/yr, which are much higher than those reported from typical continental coast. On the eastern coast of Jeju, almost all groundwater discharge is attributed to recirculating seawater, while fresh groundwater contributes about 20% of the total submarine groundwater discharge(SGD) on the western coast of Jeju. Thus, submarine groundwater discharge appears to be important for the management of water resources in western Jeiu, The measured radionuclides (<SUP>228</SUP>Ra, <SUP>226</SUP>Ra, and <SUP>222</SUP>Rn) and nutrients in the groundwater suggest that the discharge of both fresh and recirculated seawater will have a significant influence on the budget of coastal nutrients and other chemical constituents in this region.

남해 표층 퇴적물에서의 인의 존재상

손재경(Jae Kyung Son),이동섭(Tong Sup Lee),양한섭(Han Seob Yang) 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

To understand the role of shelf sediment in phosphorus biogeochemical cycle, we carried out sequential sediment extraction (SEDEX) of P and porewater analysis on 14 core samples collected in the South Sea of Korea. SEDEX classified P-pools into 5 phases and results are grouped into two cateories: reactive P (loosely sorbed-P and Fe bound-P) and refractory P (detrital inorganic-P, authigenic mineral-P and organic-P). Total P concentrations are decreased with sediment depth in all samples as a result of dissolution to porewater. Reactive P comprises about 20∼50% of total P, and iron bound-P is the major form consisting 70∼80% of reactive P-pool. Iron bound-P decreases sharply with depth. Depth profiles of dissolved P concentration in porewater show mirror image of iron bound-P, revealing the role of FeOOH as a regulator of reactive P supply to overlying water culumn. Authigenic mineral-P consists less than 5% of total P, thus removal of reactive P by converting into refractory P seems inefficient in shelf sediment. This implies that continental shelf sediment sequesters P temporarily rather than permanently. Results show local variation. Nakdong estuary receiving large amount of terrigenous input shows the highest concentration of total P and reactive P. Here iron oxyhydroxides at the surface sediment control the water column flux of P from sediment. Although total P content at the surface is comparable (500∼600 ㎍ g^(-1)) between the South Sea and East China Sea, the former contains more iron bound-P and less derital inorganic-P than the latter. Reasons for the difference seem due in part to particle texture, and to biological productivity which depends roughly on the distance from land.