Development of alternative material for hole transport layer of carbazole backbone solar cell

안정하,이규철 한국공업화학회 2023 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2023 No.0

아동이 지각한 중요한 타인의 기대, 아동의 공격성 및 심리적 안녕감과의 관계

안정하,조옥귀 慶南大學校 人文科學硏究所 2002 人文論叢 Vol.15 No.-

낙동강 하류의 담수, 기수, 해수에서의 미세플라스틱 분포

안정하,진범서,박범석,정혜림,강동현 한국환경기술학회 2023 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Microplastics can cause physical, chemical and biological problems for organisms in water. In this study, we investigated the level of microplastic pollution in freshwater, brackish water, and seawater in the downstream of Nakdong river in Korea. After density separation and organic matter removal, the collected water was checked for the quantity, size, type, shape, and color of microplastics in the water using an FTIR microscope and a digital microscope. The amount of microplastics was found to be relatively high in seawater, with an average of 9.5 MPs/L in fresh water, 13.5 MPs/L in brackish water, and 20.5 MPs/L in sea water. Microplastic sizes above 50 ㎛ and below 100 ㎛ were most widely distributed in freshwater, brackish water, and seawater. The proportion of microplastics above 50 ㎛ and below 100 ㎛ was confirmed to be freshwater (38.6 %), brackish water (47.8 %), and seawater (65.3 %). Microplastic types were abundant in the following order: PP>PE>PET>PVC>Nylon in freshwater, brackish water, and seawater. The form of microplastics was confirmed in the following order: Fiber>Film>Fragment>Sphere in freshwater, brackish water, and seawater. The main colors of microplastics are blue and black, while yellow, white, and transparent microplastics were also found. Through this study, it was confirmed that microplastics can flow into freshwater, brackish water, and seawater due to various causes such as nearby industrial areas, roads, and trails. And it was confirmed that the level of microplastic pollution gradually increases from land to sea. The results of this study can be used as research data on microplastics in freshwater, brackish water, and seawater, and are expected to be helpful in preventing microplastic pollution in surface waters.

위탁급식업체의 급식유형별 고객만족도 비교

안정하 ( Jeong Ha An ),문혜경 ( Hye Kyung Moon ) 대한영양사협회 2008 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.14 No.2

동해에서 직접수열 대역확산 전송에 기반한 장거리 수중음향통신의 해상실험 결과

라형인,안정하,윤창현,김기만,김인수,Ra, Hyung-in,An, Jeong-ha,Youn, Chang-hyun,Kim, Ki-man,Kim, In-soo 한국음향학회 2021 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

본 논문은 2020년 11월 동해에서 실시한 장거리 수중음향통신의 해상실험 결과를 제시한다. 하나의 이동하는 송신기와 16개의 수직 배열 수신기들을 통해 신호를 수집하였으며, 송신기와 수신기 사이의 거리는 약 20 km정도였다. 실험에 적용된 신호는 기존의 직접수열 대역확산 방식과 각 심볼마다 다수의 순환된 Pseudo Noise(PN) 시퀀스를 중첩함으로써 전송률을 높이는 중첩된 직접수열 대역확산 방식이다. 실험결과 채널 부호화 기법이 적용되지 않은 비부호화 비트 오류율에 있어서 기존의 직접수열 대역확산 방식은 16채널 평균 0.0005로 나타났으며, 중첩된 직접수열대역확산 방식은 0.00124을 보였다.

고속 수중 이동체의 심도 정보 전송을 위한 신호 동기화 기법

이주형,이근혁,안정하,김기만,한민수,김성용 한국음향학회 2020 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.39 No.2

This paper deals with a method of transmitting depth information of a high-speed underwater vehicle. The depth information signal transmitted from the high-speed mobile object is received with high frequency variability. In the proposed method, we apply not only frequency synchronization but also additional synchronization on the time axis like the existing method. In the case of a Doppler frequency bank with less resolution than the conventional method through simulations performed in the environment moving up to 50 kn, and the depth information is recovered using the proposed method, the error rate of 6 % ~ 9 % is reduced to 0.2 % ~ 1 %. 본 논문은 수중 고속 이동체의 심도 정보를 전송하는 방법을 다룬다. 고속 이동체로부터 전송되는 심도 정보 신호는 높은 주파수 변동성을 갖고 수신된다. 제안한 방법에서는 기존의 방법처럼 주파수 동기화뿐만 아니라 시간 축 에서 추가로 동기화 하는 방법을 적용하였다. 최대 50 kn로 이동하는 환경에서 수행된 모의실험을 통하여 기존의 방법 보다 낮은 해상도를 갖는 도플러 주파수 뱅크를 형성하고, 제안한 방법을 사용하여 심도 정보를 복구한 경우 기존에 6 % ~ 9 %이었던 오류율이 0.2 % ~ 1 %로 낮아진 오류 성능을 나타내었다.

수직 배열 센서를 이용한 초장거리 대역확산 수중음향통신의 실험 분석

윤창현,라형인,안정하,김기만,김인수,Youn, Chang-hyun,Ra, Hyung-in,An, Jeong-ha,Kim, Ki-man,Kim, In-soo 한국음향학회 2022 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.41 No.2

본 논문에서는 2021년 9월 동해에서 수행된 초장거리 대역확산 수중음향통신의 해상실험 결과를 제시한다. 8개의 수직 배열 센서를 이용하여 수중음향통신 신호를 수집하였으며, 전송 거리는 160 km로 하였다. 송신 신호로 30 bps의 다중 코드 대역 확산 방식과 100 bps의 처프 대역확산 방식이 사용되었다. 실험 결과 단일 채널에서 채널 부호화 기법이 적용되지 않은 경우에 높은 비트 오류율을 나타내었으나 각 수신 채널에서 프레임 동기화를 수행한 후 신호들에 등이득 조합 다이버시티 기법을 적용하면 비부호화 비트 오류율이 순방향 오류 정정 한계인 0.1 이하로 감소하였다.

축제 서비스요인이 방문객 만족도와 지역관광에 미치는 영향

정강환(Jeong, Gang-Hoan),안정하(An, Jeong-Ha),임명재(Lim, Myoung-Jae) 한국문화산업학회 2012 문화산업연구 Vol.12 No.4

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of festival service quality factors on festival visitors" satisfaction, local culture perception and local tourism visiting intention, In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the survey was conducted towards visitors who attended Hampyeong Butterfly Festival. Three festival service quality factors in terms of festival product and food, information service and other facilities were derived from factor analysis. According to the analysis, it was found that festival product and food and information service positively affected recognition of local cultural tourism and visiting intention to nearby region. At the same time, festival visitors" satisfaction also had direct positive effects on recognition of local cultural tourism and visiting intention to nearby region. According the results, some practical implications and suggestions were proposed to festival managers for the development of festivals. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of festival service quality factors on festival visitors" satisfaction, local culture perception and local tourism visiting intention, In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the survey was conducted towards visitors who attended Hampyeong Butterfly Festival. Three festival service quality factors in terms of festival product and food, information service and other facilities were derived from factor analysis. According to the analysis, it was found that festival product and food and information service positively affected recognition of local cultural tourism and visiting intention to nearby region. At the same time, festival visitors" satisfaction also had direct positive effects on recognition of local cultural tourism and visiting intention to nearby region. According the results, some practical implications and suggestions were proposed to festival managers for the development of festivals.

유전자재조합식품에 대한 성별, 연령별 소비자의 인지도 조사

김혜영 ( Hae Young Kim ),이미라 ( Mi Ra Lee ),김현경 ( Hyun Kyung Kim ),안정하 ( Jeong Ha An ),김미경 ( Mi Gyeong Kim ),홍순근 ( Soon Keun Hong ),김미정 ( Mee Jeong Kim ) 한국식생활문화학회 2011 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

A survey of consumer awareness and attitudes was conducted about genetically modified (GM) foods and the labeling regulations. The questionnaires were distributed to 4,620 consumers who lived in a variety of areas in Korea, and 4,076 people responded. The consumers were asked about knowledge, labeling information, and the source of obtaining information about GM foods. More than 11.5% of the consumers had never heard about GM foods and 86.9% of consumers had less than a normal level of knowledge about GM foods. No statistically significant relationship was found between genders, but the teachers group had moderate knowledge (p<0.001). In total, 28.4% of consumers did not know the GMO labeling regulations. They answered that the reason to buy GM food was do not know>nothing wrong>create benefit>think as safe>inexpensive. The answers to the question of what was the first benefit were: solve food shortage> functional and nutritious food>cultivate in bad condition>nothing>various cultivars. They answered that the worst factor was the next generation effect>environmental disruption. Regarding the development of GM food in Korea, males answered do not know>stronglyrecommend>defer>strongly suppress. Female answered: don`t know>defer>strongly recommend>strongly suppress. More than half of the respondents did not have much information about GM foods; 88.3% of respondents answered they did not have educational experience about GM food.

토지 역모기지 제도의 수익-위험 추정 연구

김준형(Jun-Hyung Kim),이승환(Seung-Whan Lee),안정하(Jung-Ha Ahn),고성수(Sung-Soo Koh) 건국대학교 부동산도시연구원 2020 부동산 도시연구 Vol.12 No.2

인구고령화와 빠른 은퇴시기의 도래는 고령자의 노후 소득 감소로 개인의 삶의 질을 감소시키고, 경제적 측면에서 소비위축 등 부정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 국내 고령자 자산의 80% 이상이 주택 등 부동산으로 구성된 점을 고려해 볼 때, 현재 운영 중인 주택 및 농지 이외의 부동산을 활용한 자산 유동화 방안을 제시함으로써 연금선택의 폭을 다양화할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 토지를 기반으로 한 역모기지 제도 도입 시 보증기관 입장에서 발생가능한 수익과 위험을 추정하였다. 분석결과 토지가치 변동률의 증가는 가입자의 월지급금을 증가시켰고, 보증제공기관의 손익 또한 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 토지가치 변동률과 기대이율은 보증제공기관의 손익과 위험에 복합적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 토지를 기반으로 한 역모기지 상품 도입 시, 세분화된 토지가치 변동률을 반영하여 보증제공기관의 손익발생 위험을 낮출 필요가 있으며, 토지가치의 미래 변화를 정교하게 예측할 수 있는 모형의 개발이 요구된다고 할 수 있다. Population aging and the arrival of a fast retirement age are expected to reduce the quality of life of individuals by reducing the old-age income. And also, it have a negative impact on the economic aspect such as consumption contraction. Considering that more than 80% of the elderly’s assets in Korea are composed of real estate such as housing, it is necessary to diversify the range of pension choices. In this study, we analyzed the revenue, risk and monthly payments that can be incurred by the insurer when adopting a land-based reverse mortgage system. The results of the analysis are as follows. The increase in the change of land value was analyzed to increase both monthly payments to pension subscribers and loss of insurer. And also, the volatility of land value and expected rate are having a combined effect on the revenue and risk of the guarantee provider. Therefore, when introducing a land-based reverse mortgage product, it is necessary to reduce the risk of the guarantee provider by reflecting the segmentalized change in land value. In addition, development of a model that can accurately predict future changes in land value is required.