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正常咬合 成人 顎顔面 頭蓋骨格의 垂直的 調和에 關한 硏究
安義永,李起受 대한치과교정학회 1982 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.12 No.2
The present study was performed to establish the cephalometric norms and to study characteristics of craniofacial skeleton of Korean male and female with normal occlusion. The author studied and analyzed staristically vertical cephalometric measurements of the 52 adult male ranging in age from 18 to 26 years and 43 adult female ranging in age from 16 to 30 years with normal occlusion and acceptable profile. The results were as follows; 1. Cephalometric craniofacial norms and standard deviation chart were obtained about adult Korean male and female with normal occlusion. 2. Vertical dimensions of the craniofacial skeleton were larger in male than in female. 3. Lower face was more divergent in female than in male. 4. In simple correlation coefficients between vertical linear mesurements in male and female, high correlations wrer shown between ATFH, PTFH and PLFH, ALFH and ALDH, PLFH and PLDH.
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유한요소법에 의한 하악제1대구치의 Cervical Traction의 효과에 관한 역학적 연구
안의영(Eui-Young Ahn),정규림(Kyu-Rhim Chung) 대한치과교정학회 1989 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.19 No.1
This study was undertaken to analyze the displacement and stress distribution in the mandible according to the pulling directions during mandibular first molar cervical traction after mandibular second molar extraction. The 3-dimensional finite element method(FEM) was used for a mathematical model composed of 594 elements and 1019 nodes. An orthodontic force, 450gm, was applied to the each mandibular first molar in parallel, and below the occlusal plane by 7° and 25° and meet the midsagittal plane by 40° toward posterior direction. The results were as follows: 1. Mandibular teeth were displaced in more downward, posterior and lateral direction. Especially high stress was noted in case of parallel pull than in case of below the occlusal plane by 7° and 25°. 2. Mandibular first molar was moved bodily. 3. Generally, alveolar bone, mandibular body, ascending ramus and mandibular angle portion were displaced in downward, posterior and lateral direction. But coronoid process was displaced in downward, forward and lateral direction, and anterior and inner middle portion of condyle head and neck were displaced in downward, forward and medial direction, and posterior and outer middle portion of condyle head and neck were displaced in upward, forward and medial direction. 4. Maximum stress was observed at the condyle head and neck portion. With steeper direction of force, condyle head and neck showed more stress than parallel relation to the occlusal plane.
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젖소에 있어 아급성제1위과산증(SARA)의 강도가 혈장 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)의 농도에 미치는 효과
손혜인,백성광,문주연,안의영,이현준,손용석,Son, Hey In,Baek, Seong Gwang,Moon, Ju Yeon,Ahn, Eui-Young,Lee, Hyun-Jun,Son, Yong Suk 한국초지조사료학회 2013 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.33 No.4
본 시험은 젖소 4두에 대하여 제1위체류형 센서(Indwelling probe)를 정치시키고 이를 이용하여 아급성제1위과산증(SARA)의 강도를 조사함과 동시에 pH가 혈 중 내독소(Lipopolysaccharide; LPS)의 농도에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 비섬유성탄수화물(Non-fiber carbohydrates, NFC)을 기준으로 적정 수준의 NFC를 포함하고 있는 정상 사료군(Normal diet, ND)과, 아급성제1위과산증(Subacute ruminal acidosis, SARA) 유발가능 사료군(Acidogenic diet, AD)의 2개 처리구에 각 2두씩 배치하여 Cross-over 설계로 사양실험을 반복 실시하였다. 제1위체류형 센서는 장시간에 걸친 제1위 내 pH의 변화를 추적하는 데 효과적이었다. 얻어진 결과에서 AD 급여는 반추위내용물의 pH를 낮추는 데 커다란 영향을 주었으며, 반추위 내 pH의 저하는 혈 중 LPS의 농도가 증가로 이어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 혈 중 LPS 농도는 급성 또는 만성형을 불문하고 과산증을 확인하는 지표로 사용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 착유우용 사료첨가물로 많이 이용되는 소디움벤토나이트(NaB)와 프로필렌글리콜(PG)의 급여는 반추위 내 pH의 저하를 완충시켜 궁극적으로 SARA의 강도를 완화시키고 혈 중 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 농도의 증가를 줄여 줌으로써 내독소에 의해 발생하기 쉬운 제엽염 등의 부작용을 완화시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. A study was conducted to determine if subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) induced by feeding high level of non-structural carbohydrates results in increases in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of peripheral blood in dairy cattle. In this experiment four Holstein steers, two of which having ruminal canulae with indwelling probes placed for measuring long term pH changes, were alloted into two dietary treatments in a cross-over design, where an acidogenic diet (AD) was formulated by including high amount of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) based on corn silage and corn flake as TMR ingredients. Data for ruminal pH change and plasma LPS concentration were compared against normal diet (ND) which contained grass hay as forage and low NSC ingredients. Feeding AD for more than 14 days to animals brought about a pH change as low as less than 5.8 for more than 4 hours, which made good contrast to ND fed animals. Decreased ruminal pH also had an effect on LPS concentrations which showed significantly higher level for AD compared with ND. Therefore, plasma LPS concentration may be used as an effective indicator to verify acidosis whether it is acute or chronic. Na-bentonite and Propylene glycol, which are frequently included in dairy TMR as additives, helped decrease ruminal pH by buffering and then ultimately alleviates SARA. Therefore, it could also be helpful to lower the occurrence of laminitis which is often caused by increased blood endotoxin (LPS) concentration.
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수원 서호의 수질화학성분변화와 농업용수원으로의 적합성 평가
김진호,이종식,류종수,안의영,안승구 한국환경농학회 2000 한국환경농학회지 Vol.19 No.3
1999년도에 영농기인 5월부터 12월까지 매월 초에 농업용수로 사용하고 있는 서호에서 수질의 화학성분변화와 농업용수로서의 수질 적합성을 평가하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. COD_(Cr)의 경우 평균 47.82㎎/L로 나타났으나, 5월과 7월에는 83.07㎎/L, 80.64㎎/L로 나타났다. 5월의 경우 강우량 감소로 인한 수질의 악화를 7월에는 조류의 번식에 따른 수질악화로 판단된다. NH₃-N의 평균농도는 2.84㎎/L로 나타났으며, 5월이 5.72㎎/L로 조사기간중 가장 높았다. 암모니아 농도의 연변화는 COD_(Cr)와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 호소내 수질의 오염도는 정체부에서 다른 조사지점들의 농도보다 높았으나, 전반적으로 서호의 수질의 연평균농도는 농작물피해의 기준농도보다 낮았다. 서호 등의 농업용수원으로 사용되는 호소의 지속적으로 양호한 농업용수 수질을 확보하기 위해서는 보다 적극적인 연구 및 관리대책이 필요하다. This study was carried out to show the chemical variations of monthly water quality and to estimate the quality as irrigation water at Seo-Lake. The water quality was surveyed at 6 sites for 7 months from May to November in 1999. The average concentration of COD_(Cr) at Seo-Lake was 47.8㎎/L. This value meant that the organic matters at the lake would exceed to the crop damage level (50㎎/L). Especially, the values in May and in July were 83.07㎎/L, 80.64㎎/L, respectively. The average concentration of NH₃-N was appeared to 2.84㎎/L. But it was shown 5.72㎎/L in May. That could put a restraint on the productive power of the crops. It was supposed that happened by eutrophication. And the water pollutant levels were high at stagnation part of the lake. But average water quality of the lake could be used for irrigation. The result showed that the research and the management of water quality were needed to make the lake water more suitable as the source for irrigation.
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