Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Patients Under Thirty Years of Age

안기정,정은지,이형식,문성록,성진실,김귀언,서창옥,노준규,Ahn Ki Jung,Chang Eun Ji,Lee Hyung Sik,Moon Sun Rock,Seong Jin Sil,Kim Gwi Eon,Suh Chang Ok,Kyu John Juhn The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1990 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.8 No.2

비인강암은 해부학적으로 두개저부 및 중추신경계와 인접하고 있어 수술적 접근이 어렵고, 또 최근 항암제요법의 발달로 복합항암제를 이용한 항암제요법으로 반응율을 높이기 위한 여러 연구들이 진행되고 있지만, 아직까지 비인강암에 대한 치료는 방사선치료가 그 근간을 이루고 있다. 비인강암의 연령분포곡선은 30세 이후에 급격히 증가하여 45세에서 54세까지에서 수평을 이룬후 서서히 감소하는 곡선을 그리는데, 10대 내지 20대에서도 작은 증가곡선을 나타내어 bimodal curve를 그리게 된다. 30세 이전에 생긴 비인강암은 그 빈도가 매우 적어서 이에 대한 연구보고가 많지 않지만 일반적으로는 30세 이후에 생긴 비인강암과는 다른 임상양상을 보이는 것으로 보고되어 있다. 이에 저자들은 1971년부터 1987년까지 연세대학교 의과대학 치료방사선과에서 치료받았던 113명의 비인강암 환자들을 30세 이전과 30세 이후 환자군으로 구별하여, 임상적 특성 및 치료에 대한 관해율, 이에 따른 생존율 및 생존에 영향을 미치는 인자들, 그리고 치료실패양상 등을 분석 비교하여 향후 30세 이전의 비인강암 환자의 치료에 지침을 마련하고자 본 연구를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 30세 이전의 비인강암 환자에서 치료에 대한 초기반응율이 높았다 2. 30세 이전의 비인강암 환자에서 통계적 의의는 없었으나 원격전이가 많았다. 3. 두 연령군간에 생존율의 차이는 없었다. Between January 197l and December 1987, 113 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) were treated by radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy in the department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital. There were 19 patients under thirty years of age. The histology was undifferentiated carcinoma in $68\%$ of the younger patients as compared to $47\%$ of the older patients. Sex, stage, initial symptoms and treatment modalities differed little from those of older patients. In younger patients, the initial complete response rate was $79\%$ as compared to older patients with $54\%$, distant metastases were more common and the overall five year survival rate was not significantly different between the two age groups ($33.7\%$ for the young vs. $37.4\%$ for the old). The five year survival rates for stage III and IV were $60.0\%$ and $24.5\%$, respectively. Histologic subtype was not correlated with survival. The best survival was found only in patients who obtained a complete clearance of disease after radiation therapy.

서울시 교통수요관리정책의 제약요인 극복 방안

안기정 ( Ki Jung Ahn ),김경철 ( Gyeng Chul Kim ),이종덕 ( Jong Deok Lee ) 서울시정개발연구원 2008 연구보고서 Vol.2008 No.44

Since the middle of 1990`s, Seoul has implemented and planned a series of Transportation Demand Management (TDM) policies, effectiveness and feasibility of which have been questioned, One of major reason has been said to be the failure of the accept the public consents on those policy. Among TDM policies, this study focuses on one by means of pricing mechamism, identifies shortcomes regarding efficiency, interregional equity, financial condition and public acceptability, and comes up with strategy to overcome the hurdle on implementation of TDM policies by policy-mix. TDM policies by means of pricing mechanism could be classified into three types:1) discouraging the usage of private car by increasing the cost of it, 2) encouraging the usage of public transport by cutting down the cost of it, and 3) combination of 1) and 2), of which exclusive bus land would be the case. The main results of analysis of this study could be summarized as follows. First, by evaluating the effect of each policy, it is recognized that TDM policies raising the cost of private car usage, e.g. cordon-pricing, parking policy and fuel tax, is efficient policy option and desirable in respect of financial condition of public transport sector, but public acceptability is very low. On the other hand, fare policy cutting down the cost of public transport usage is publicly acceptable, but does not bring about good performance in respect of enhancement of efficiency and financial condition of public transport sector. The exclusive bus-lane is expected to show good performance in respect of efficiency, interregional equity, and public acceptability, but improvement of financial condition of public transport sector could not be expected. Second, by evaluating the effect of policy-mix, it is shown that policy combination with exclusive bus-lane could not only bring about susbtantial welfare gain but also enhance the public acceptability of road pricing. The policy implication of above results is that improvement of public transport service, for instance, making subway transit faster is another policy option to be considered. When distributional effect is taken into account, rapid subway transit is more desirable than exclusive bus-lane, since most of trip makers are benefitted from faster subway transit. However, in consideration of policy-mix of road pricing and exclusive bus-lane (or rapid subway transit), timing of policy implementation should be taken accounts of, since implementation of road pricing after setting exclusive lane (or rapid subway transit) makes worse the public acceptability of road pricing.

광역버스전용차선제도의 사회적 형평성 분석

안기정(Ki-Jung Ahn),신성일(Seong Il Shin),이종덕(Jong Deok Lee),이창훈(Chang Hun Lee) 서울연구원 2008 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

서울시 교통수요관리정책의 제약요인 극복 방안

안기정(Ki-Jung Ahn),김경철(Gyeng-Chul Kim),이종덕(Jong-Deok Lee),문세일 서울연구원 2008 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

서울시 물류 · 유통 관련 인천광역시와의 전략적 협력방안 연구

안기정(Ki-Jung Ahn),신성일(Seong Il Shin),이종덕(Jong-Deok Lee) 서울연구원 2009 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

광역버스전용차선제도의 사회적 형평성 분석 (경부선 버스전용차선제도를 중심으로)

안기정 ( Ki Jung Ahn ),신성일 ( Seong Ii Shin ),이종덕 ( Jong Deok Lee ),이창훈 ( Chang Hun Lee ) 서울시정개발연구원 2008 연구보고서 Vol.2008 No.56

The effectiveness of exclusive bus lane is hot potatoes in practical as well as academic field. In particular, that of Kyoungbu Expressway implemented from 1st of October in 2009 has been the major target of critics due to the reason that it has worsened the road condition by shrinking the road capacity of general lane. By setting the model of users` choice under the imperfect substitutability between modes this paper made clear under what condition efficiency of exclusive bus lane could be effective instrument to handle the road condition, Furthermore, this paper evaluated the equity among different mode users and among regions, This paper shows that users` preferences to private car is key factor in determining the efficiency of exclusive bus lane. Thus, exclusive bus lane might not be better choice to cope with road congestion when users` preference to private car is strong. In this case, exclusive bus lane accompanied by road expansion or road expansion only might be more effective policies than exclusive bus lane only. However, exclusive is not regressive policy option, since public transport user could be more benefitted by that policy. By applying the analytical model to the situation of Kyoungbu Expressway, this paper shows that exclusive bus lane has greatly increased the public transport users` benefit even though it decreased the benefit of private car users slightly. Thus, average users` benefit might be increased with express bus lane. Furthermore this paper shows that users` benefit of Seoul city has increased with implementation of express bus lane. This paper also suggested that flexible operation would be desirable to enhance the efficiency of express bus lane and also suggested that better equipment of public transport system could be desirable way to derive the consent to express bus lane from the private car users.

비파괴검사 분야에서 방사선원의 위치 확인을 위한 산화납 기반 방사선 검출기 설계에 관한 연구

안기정(Ki-Jung Ahn) 한국방사선학회 2017 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.11 No.4

최근, 감마선 조사기의 자동 원격 조사 제어기가 오동작하여 방사선작업종사자가 방사선 피폭 사고가 지속적으로 보고되고 있다. 이에 NDT 분야에서는 방사선에 대한 잠재적 사고를 미연에 방지하기 위한 방사선원 모니터링 시스템 구축에 많은 시간과 재원을 투자하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다양한 비파괴검사 장비에 범용적으로 적용할 수 있는 방사선원 위치 모니터링 시스템의 개발을 위한 선행연구로써 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통해 산화납 기반 방사선 검출기에 대한 감마선 응답 특성을 모의 추정하였다. 연구 결과, 방사선 검출기의 최적화 두께는 방사선원에서 방사되는 감마선 에너지에 따라 상이하며 에너지가 증가함에 따라 최적화 두께가 점차 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 PbO 기반 방사선 검출기의 최적화 두께는 Ir-192에 대하여 200 μm, Se-75 150 μm, Co-60 300 μm로 분석되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 범용적으로 적용하기 위하여 2차 전자 평형을 고려한 PbO 기반 방사선 검출기의 적절한 두께는 300 μm로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 차후 다양한 NDT 장비에 범용적으로 적용하기 위한 방사선원 위치 모니터링 시스템을 개발 시 방사선 검출기에서 요구되는 적절한 두께를 결정하는데 있어 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. In recent years, the automatic remote control controller of the gamma ray irradiator malfunctions, and radiation workers are continuously exposed to radiation exposure accidents. In the non-destructive testing field, much time and resources are invested in establishing a radioactive source monitoring system in order to prevent potential incidents of radiation. In this study, the gamma-ray response properties of the lead monoxide-based radiation detector were estimated through monte carlo simulation as a previous study for the development of a radioactive source location monitoring system that can be applied universally to various non-destructive testing equipment. As a result of the study, the optimized thickness of the radiation detector varies according to the gamma-ray energy emitted from the radioactive source, and the optimized thickness gradually increases with increasing energy. In conclusion, the optimized thickness of the lead monoxide-based radiation detector was 200 μm for the Ir-192, 150 μm for the Se-75 and 300 μm for the Co-60. Based on these results, the appropriate thickness of lead monoxide-based radiation detector considering secondary-electron equilibrium was evaluated to be 300 μm for general application. These results can be used as a basic data for determining the appropriate thickness required in the radiation detector when developing a radiation source location monitoring system for universal application to various non-destructive testing equipment in the future.

도시고속도로 Road Pricing 도입 방안 및 효과분석 연구

안기정 ( Ki Jung Ahn ),고준호 ( Joon Ho Ko ),이종덕 ( Jong Deok Lee ) 서울시정개발연구원 2009 연구보고서 Vol.2009 No.20

Introduction of road pricing on urban highway in Seoul is urgently needed from reasons of low service quality, financing operating and maintenance costs, and enhancement in efficiency by correcting inefficient allocation of traffic volume. However introduction of it is very difficult due to the practical and political reasons. In the study, we investigate the way to introduce the road pricing by studying the cases of success and failure of foreign cities and analyze the effect of road pricing on urban highways in Seoul. By investigating the case of foreign cities such as ALS and ERP in Singapore, Tolling in Oslo, Bergen an Tronheim, CCS in London, Value Pricing on SR-91 Express Way and I-15 Interstate Highway, and Ecopass in Milan, we found that consensus among citizens on bad road conditions, confirmative promotion on road pricing, programs including expansion of mass transportation, feedback of opinions of citizens on road pricing program, support from contral government, and leadership of leader who makes decision on road pricing are greatly needed. Lack of these condition might lead to the failure of road pricing, which is shown by the cases of Dennis Package in Stockholm, Environment Charging Scheme in London, ERP in Hongkong, Congestion Charge in Edinburgh and Manchester, and Randstad in Netherland. To introduce the road pricing successfully in urban highway in Seoul, amendment of related laws and regulation, promotion of necessity of road pricing on the reason from environment as well as congestion delay, and support from central government could be required. By investigating the effect of road pricing, we found that road pricing would lead to the improvement of service of urban highway, full coverage of maintenance and operating cost on urban highway. The remaining toll revenue might be used for subsidy for financing the deficit in public transport operation and improvement on service of public transports.

‘서울시 시내버스 요금·정산체계’ 시민 인식 조사와 시사점

안기정(Ki-Jung Ahn),기현균(Hyeon-Gyun Ki) 서울연구원 2020 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients Under Thirty Years of Age

Ki Jung Ahn(안기정),Eun Ji Chung(정은지),Hyung Sik Lee(이형식),Sun Rock Moon(문성록),Jin Sil Seong(성진실),Gwi Eon Kim(김귀언),Chang Ok Suh(서창옥),John Juhn Kyu Loh(노준규) 대한방사선종양학회 1990 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.8 No.2

비인강암은 해부학적으로 두 개저부 및 중추신경계와 인접하고 있어 수술적 접근이 어렵고, 또 최근 항암제요법의 발달로 복합항암제를 이용한 항암제요법으로 반응율을 높이기 위한 여러 연구들이 진행되고 있지만, 아직까지 비인강암에 대한 치료는 방사선치료가 그 근간을 이루고 있다. 비인강암의 연령분포곡선은 30세 이후에 급격히 증가하여 45세에서 54세까지에서 수평을 이룬후 서서히 감소하는 곡선을 그리는데, 10대 내지 20대에서도 작은 증가곡선을 나타애어 bimodal curve를 그리게 된다. 30세 이전에 생긴 비인강암은 그 빈도가 매우 적어서 이에 대한 연구보고가 많지 않지만 일반적으로는 30세 이후에 생긴 비인강암과는 다른 임상양상을 보이는 것으로 보고되어 있다. 이에 저자들은 1971년부터 1987년까지 연세대학교 의과대학 치료방사선과에서 치료받았던 113명의 비인강암 환자들을 30세 이전과 30세 이후 환자군으로 구별하여, 임상적 특성 및 치료에 대한 관해을, 이에 따른 생존율 및 생존에 영향을 미치는 인자들, 그리고 치료실패양상 들을 분석 비교하여 향후 30세 이전의 비인강암 환자의 치료에 지침을 마련하고자 본 연구를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 30세 이전의 비인강암 환자에서 치료에 대한 초기반응율이 높았다. 2. 30세 이전의 비인강암 환자에서 통계적 의의는 없었느나 원격전이가 많았다. 3. 두 연령군간에 생존율의 차이는 없었다. Between January 1971 and December 1987, 113 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) were treated by radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy in the department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital. There were 19 patients under thirty years of age. The histology was undifferentiated carcinoma in 68% of the younger patients as compared of 47% of the older patients. Sex, stage, initial symptoms and treatment modalities differed little from those of older patients. in younger patients, the initial complete response rate was 79% as compared to older patients with 54%, distant metastases were more common and the overall five year survival rate was not significantly different between the two age groups(33.7% for the young vs. 37.4% for the old). The five year survival rates for stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 60.0% and 24.5%, respectively. Histologic subtype was not correlated with survival. The best survival was found only in patients who obtained a complete clearance of disease after radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is suggested as an important target for further study.