한국 해군 지휘관 휘장의 변천사

신성재(Shin, Seong-Jae) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2020 한국민족문화 Vol.76 No.-

이 글은 한국 해군 지휘관들이 지휘권의 상징으로 패용하고 있는 ‘지휘관 휘장’의 변천에 대하여 정리한 것이다. 해군이 지휘관 휘장을 처음 제정한 것은 1964년 중순이었다. 최초 제정된 휘장의 문양은 교차된 앵커, 별, 꼬여진 로프로 구성되었다. 이러한 문양은 미 해군으로부터 영향을 받아 사용하던 사관생도와 장교의 모표 문양을 일부 차용한 것이었다. 이 휘장은 외국의 문양을 수용한 한계는 있지만, 해군 최초로 제정한 휘장이라는 점에서 역사적인 의미를 갖는다. 해군 지휘관 휘장은 1971년 말에 이르면서 과도기적 문양으로 변경되었다. 당시 변경된 휘장은 앵커와 별, 무궁화와 무궁화 잎사귀를 특징으로 한다. 이 휘장의 근원은 창군기에 사관생도들이 앵커와 무궁화를 소재로 삼은 모표 문양과 1956년에 개정된 장교 모표에 새겨진 무궁화와 무궁화 잎사귀로부터 유래한다. 이 휘장이 갖는 역사적인 의미는 한국을 상징하는 무궁화와 무궁화 잎사귀를 문양으로 반영하여 해군 지휘관들의 국가 정체성을 명확히 드러낸 점에 있다. 해군 지휘관 휘장은 국방부 차원의 복제 개정이 추진되던 1974년에 이르면서 다시금 변화 되었다. 당시 개정된 휘장은 흑동색을 바탕으로 앵커와 태양, 월계수 잎사귀를 공통 문양으로 하되, 정중앙의 문양은 계층별로 상이하게 표현하였다. 참모총장 휘장에는 중앙에 별 4개가 새겨졌고, 장성급 지휘관에는 충무공 이순신과 조선 수군의 군령기를 상징하는 ‘영(令)’자 문양이 반영되었다. 영관급에는 충무공 이순신의 지휘채(등채)를 상징하는 문양이 새겨졌고, 위관급에는 교차된 지휘도가 반영되었다. 이 휘장은 해군 정체성을 충무공 이순신과 조선 수군으로부터 찾고 이를 계승하는 독창적인 문양으로 개정하였다는 점에서 의미를 갖는다. 한편 이 휘장은 1995년에 이르러 조화와 실용에 바탕한 문양으로 최종 개정되었다. 기존 문양과 동일하되 치수가 축소되었고, 색상은 중앙의 청색 칠보를 제외하고 금색으로 장식되었다. 이 시기에 최종적으로 확정된 지휘관 휘장은 오늘날에도 변함이 없는 가운데 한국 해군의 지휘권을 상징하는 문양으로 사용되어지고 있다. This article summarizes the transition of the ROK Navy commanding officers" “officer insignia” throughout history. The Navy"s first implementation of the officer insignia took place during mid-1964. The initially established insignia took the forms of crossed anchors, stars, and intertwined ropes. These designs originated in part from the cap devices of cadets and officers, which were in turn influenced by the US Navy. Despite being influenced by foreign designs, these designs have their own significance in being the very first officer insignia of the ROK Navy. By late 1971, the Naval officer insignia designs underwent changes befitting the Age of Transition. The modified insignia portrays anchors, stars, Mugunghwa, and Mugunghwa leaves. These designs originated from the cadet cap devices from the Time of the Military"s Foundation, as well as the Mugunghwa and Mugunghwa leaves of the officer cap devices established in 1956. These designs hold historical significance for elevating the ROK National Identity through the application of Mugunghwa, the primary symbol of Korea, as the main insignia. The Naval officer insignia was once again revised in 1974. The new insignia shared anchors, the sun, laurel leaves, and dark-bronze backgrounds as common designs, but the crests at the center were differentiated by rank. 4 starts were inscribed on the insignia for the Chief of Staff. The “Ryung” sign, representing Chungmugong Lee Sun Shin and the Chosun Navy"s military standard, symbolized Flag Officers. Insignia representing Chungmugong Lee Sun Shin"s command shaft and crossed parade swords respectively distinguished Senior and Junior Officers. These symbols are crucial in taking Chungmugong Lee Sun Shin and the Chosun Navy as the origins of the ROK Navy"s identity and in revising them into creative designs. Meanwhile, these insignia were redesigned for a final time in 1995 to a pattern based on harmony and practicality. The crest designs were kept the same, but the size was reduced. The insignia were colored entirely gold, except for the blue Cloisonné at the center. These revised insignias, which remain unchanged to this day, are used as designs symbolizing command authority in the ROK Navy.

한국 해군장교 정모휘장의 변천과 그 함의

신성재(Shin, Seong-Jae) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2015 군사 Vol.- No.94

This paper pertains to the process and implication of the transition of Republic of Korea Navy officer’s hat device insignia. This article will investigate the process of transition that lead to today’s design of the Navy officer"s hat device insignia as well as the implication of each change that was made to the design. Although various categories exist within the history of uniform regulations, the author chose to focus on the Navy officer’s hat insignia for a special reason. The author believes that an investigation of the transitional history of the hat device insignia will help us understand what tradition was succeeded by the Republic of Korea Navy. This will aid in the understanding of the historical background and characteristics of the formation of identity of the Korean Navy. In the process of examination of a record of the uniform regulation history published in late 2013, three distinctive features were found to be monumental in the history of transition of the Republic of Korea Navy officer’s hat device insignia. The first design was the insignia that was used during the liberation era and the founding era of the armed forces. The Navy anchor, Mugunghwa(Hisbiscus syriacus, national flower of the Republic of Korea), and the leaf of Mugunghwa appears on the insignia. This design harmoniously arranged a universal symbol for Navy as well as two unique symbols of the Republic of Korea. This has a historical meaning in symbolizing the birth of the Republic of Korea Navy. The second design was the insignia that was used during the Korean War. An eagle appears on the insignia, which was modeled after the insignia of the United States Navy. This shows the desire of Admiral Sohn, Won-il to build a Navy as powerful as the Navy of the United States. Unlike the previous insignia, this insignia shows features of the imitation the insignia in the United States Navy. The third design was newly adapted in the mid-1950s, which features the Turtle Ship at its core. This shows the identity of the Republic of Korea Navy as a Navy that inherits develops the naval tradition of Chungmugong Lee, Sun-shin. This brings much meaning to the insignia, in the sense that it establishes the history and tradition of the Navy as well as the origin of its identity. The unique design and the ideological tradition of the Navy officer’s hat device insignia that features the Turtle Ship at its center has remained unchanged for more than sixty years, deeply rooted as the symbol of the Republic of Korea Navy.

손원일 제독의 해군건설과 수군전통 계승활동

신성재(Shin, Seong Jae) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2014 군사 Vol.- No.91

Piperine에 의한 위암세포 AGS 증식 억제와 Apoptosis 유도

신성아(Seong-Ah Shin),이해님(Hae-Nim Lee),추강식(Gang-Sik Choo),김소정(So-Jung Kim),김형진(Hyeong-Jin Kim),박영석(Young-Seok Park),박병권(Byung-Kwon Park),김병수(Byeong-Soo Kim),김상기(Sang-Ki Kim),이후장(Hu-Jang Lee),정지윤(Ji-Youn 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.45 No.11

본 연구는 후추과 식물의 주성분인 piperine이 위암세포 AGS의 항암 효과에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. Piperine에 의한 위암세포 AGS의 생존율을 확인하기 위해 MTT assay를 수행한 결과 농도 의존적으로 암세포의 생존율이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 암세포의 생존율 억제가 apoptosis에 의한 효과인지를 확인하기 위해 DAPI staining을 실시한 결과 piperine을 처치한 군에서 apoptotic body와 염색질 응축이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. MTT assay와 DAPI staining의 결과를 바탕으로 piperine이 위암세포 AGS에서 apoptosis와 관련한 단백질 발현 양상에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 western blotting을 실시하였다. 그 결과 piperine에 의해 AGS 세포에서 apoptosis를 유도하는 p53, Bax의 발현은 농도 의존적으로 증가하였고, apoptosis를 억제하는 Bcl-2, XIAP의 발현은 농도의존적으로 감소하였다. Apoptosis의 궁극적 단계인 caspase-9와 손상된 DNA를 복구하는 PARP의 분절은 증가하였으며, apoptosis를 방해하는 인자인 Akt의 인산화는 농도의존적으로 감소하였다. Akt 억제제인 LY294002와 piperine을 병행 또는 단독으로 처치하여 western blotting을 진행한 결과 Bcl-2의 발현은 piperine을 단독으로 처치했을 때와 유사한 감소 경향을 보였지만, p-Akt의 발현은 대조군과 비교해 LY294002와 piperine을 단독으로 처치했을 때보다 병행했을 때 더욱 감소하였다. 이와 반대로 Bax와 cleaved-PARP의 발현은 강하게 증가하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해볼 때 piperine이 위암세포 AGS에서 Akt 경로를 통해 apoptosis를 유도하는 것으로 여겨지며, 향후 위암예방제나 치료제로의 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각한다. Piperine [(E,E)-5-(3,4-methtylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienolypiperidide] is a principal of Piperaceae, including Piper nigrum L. and Piper longum Linn., which has been used as a spice and traditional medicine. In this study, we investigated whether or not piperine has anti-cancer effects on AGS human gastric cancer cells. The results demonstrated that piperine not only inhibited proliferation using MTT assay but also induced apoptotic bodies using DAPI assay in a dose-dependent manner in response to piperine. Expression levels of p53, Bax (pro-apoptotic), cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved-PARP increased, whereas expression levels of Bcl-2, XIAP (anti-apoptotic), and Akt decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control by western blotting analysis. To identify the connection between phospo-Akt and Bcl-2 family in response to piperine, LY249002 (Akt inhibitor) was treated with piperine (150 μM). The results were shown that expression of phospo-Akt was reduced whereas expression of Bax and cleaved-PARP increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that piperine induced apoptosis in AGS cells and may serve as a chemopreventive or therapeutic agent for human gastric cancer.

태봉과 후백제의 덕진포해전

愼成宰(Shin, Seong jae) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2007 군사 Vol.- No.62

한-일 수화 영상통신을 위한 3차원 모델

愼晟孝(Seong-Hyo Shin),金商雲(Sang-Woon Kim),靑木 由直(Yoshinao Aoki) 대한전자공학회 1998 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1998 No.6

한글 수화 영상통신을 위한 감정과 입모양 표현 방법

愼晟孝(Seong-Hyo Shin),金商雲(Sang-Woon Kim),靑木 由直(Yoshinao Aoki) 대한전자공학회 1997 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1997 No.11

GC/MS에 의한 저장중 츄잉껌 향기성분 변화연구

신성기(Seong-Kee Shin),김상호(Sang-Ho Kim),이윤형(Yoon-Hyung Lee),이규순(Kyu-Soon Rhee) 한국식품과학회 1992 한국식품과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

멀티미디어 컨텐츠 배포 시스템에서의 부정자 추적기법에 관한 고찰

신성한(Seong-Han Shin),박지환(Ji-Hwan Park),허영(Young Huh) 한국멀티미디어학회 2000 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2000 No.2

한국 해군장교 계급장의 변천사

신성재(Shin, Seong-Jae) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2018 군사 Vol.- No.107

Rank insignia means a symbol that, attached to military uniform or cap, and shows soldier’s status and rank. This article examines the transition of metal grade insignia especially. Design features of periodical changes in the insignia are summed as follows. First, the rank insignia in early period was designed Taeguk symbol at the center of the bases of Mugunghwa pattern. This insignia had been used during the period from February 1 1946 to November 30. The insignia borrowed the retaining button of police officer’s cap in the National Security Guard temporarily, which indicated the limits that the navy failed to establish its independent rank insignia. During the transition period, the rank insignia of the Korean navy reflected its original characteristics. Of course, the star-shape rank insignia of flag officers was influenced by that of the US Navy. Unlike this, the rank insignias of officers below flag grade were manufactured following the tortoise shell shape that symbolized the armor protecting the rooftop of the turtle ship. It meant the birth of Korean navy’s original rank insignia with independent and distinctive characteristics since the insignia was granted with the symbolic significance that the navy was the posterity of Admiral Yi Sunshin. In the settlement period, the Korean naval officer’s rank insignia was revised to the triservice common insignia. The Ministry of Defense began to commonize rank insignia in 1953 and adopted diamond(Company grade officer), bamboo leaf(field grade officer), and star(flag officer) designs. These designs represented the gradually escalating ranks in terms of the natural world; they also meant that individual rank insignias of each branch of the armed forces became a triservice common system. The common insignia was in use between May 1954 and August 1975. In September 1975, naval officer’s rank insignia went through a partial revision. It was because the star-shape rank insignia of flag officers was identical to that of foreign armed forces and thus lacked originality. Therefore, Mugunghwa and its leaves were added to the insignia as the flower reflected Korean character. This design was expanded to the entire officer ranks in January 1980. The application of the design that symbolized Korea to the entire officer’s rank insignia meant the complete establishment of naval officer’s rank insignia system as the design demonstrated clearly the national identity. This complete rank insignia system continues today, making itself the core symbol of the identity of officers of the navy and the Korean armed forces.