국내 사육돼지에서의 Yersinia enterocolitica 38 kDa outer membrane protein에 대한 항체가 분포

신성재,박주연,최인수,신나리,유한상,Shin, Seong-jae,Park, Joo-youn,Choi, In-soo,Shin, Na-ri,Yoo, Han-sang 대한수의학회 2001 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.41 No.1

Yersinia enterocolitica is an inhabitant in the lower intestinal tract of many domestic and wild animals as well as in the nature. Of the several forms of diseases caused by Y. enterocolitica, an acute enteritis, especially in young children, is the most common form. Infection of the bacteria usually occurs through fecal-oral route by contaminated foods or water, especially mountainspring water. Of the domestic animals, swine has been known as one of the most important carrier in the human infection. Based on the knowledge, prevalence of antibody against Y enterocolitica was investigated with swine sera collected from Korea for the survey of Y enterocolitica infection in swine. As the first step of this survey, we analyzed outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles of the representative strains of Y enterocolitica isolated from the feces of piglets and mountainspring water in Korea. Thirty-eight kDa OMP was identified as the common OMP regardless of origin, serotype, or biotype of Y enterocolitica isolates. Presence of antibody specific for 38 kDa OMP of Y enterocolitica in 1,076 swine sera collected from November 1999 to October 2000 was analysed with ELISA. Antibody titer in sows was significantly higher than that in piglets, growing pigs and finishing pigs (p<0.05). Also, there was seasonal difference in the prevalence of antibody against Y enterocolitica. These results would provide the basic knowledge for controlling the Y enterocolitica infection in human as well as swine.

국내 분리 흉막폐렴균의 apxIA, IIA, IIIA 유전자 Cloning, 염기서열 분석 및 단백질 발현

신성재,조영욱,유한상,Shin, Sung-jae,Cho, Young-wook,Yoo, Han-sang 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.2

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes a highly contagious pleuropneumoniae in swine. The bacterium produces several virulence factors such as exotoxin, LPS, capsular polysaccharide, etc. Among them, the exotoxin, called Apx, has been focused as the major virulence factor, and the toxin consists of 4 gene cluster. apx CABD. apxA is the structural gene of toxin and has four different types, I, II, III, and IV. As the first step of development of a new subunit vaccine, the three different types of apxA gene were amplified from A. pleuropneumoniae isolated from Korea by PCR with primer designed based on the N- and C-terminal of the toxin. The sizes of apxIA, IIA and IIIA were 3,073, 2,971 and 3,159bps, respectively. The comparison of whole DNA sequences of apxIA, IIA and IIIA genes with those of the reference strain demonstrated 98%, 99% and 98% homology, respectively. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the amino acid sequences compared with 12 different RTX toxin family using the neighbor-joining method. ApxA proteins of Korean isolates were identical with reference strains in this study. All ApxA proteins were expressed in E. coli with pQE expression vector and identified using Western blot with polyclonal antibodies against culture supernatants of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 or 5. The sizes of each expressed ApxA protein were about 120, 110, 125 kDa (M.W.), respectively. The results obtained in this study could be used for the future study to develop a new vaccine to porcine pleuropneumoniae.

한국 해군 지휘관 휘장의 변천사

신성재(Shin, Seong-Jae) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2020 한국민족문화 Vol.76 No.-

이 글은 한국 해군 지휘관들이 지휘권의 상징으로 패용하고 있는 ‘지휘관 휘장’의 변천에 대하여 정리한 것이다. 해군이 지휘관 휘장을 처음 제정한 것은 1964년 중순이었다. 최초 제정된 휘장의 문양은 교차된 앵커, 별, 꼬여진 로프로 구성되었다. 이러한 문양은 미 해군으로부터 영향을 받아 사용하던 사관생도와 장교의 모표 문양을 일부 차용한 것이었다. 이 휘장은 외국의 문양을 수용한 한계는 있지만, 해군 최초로 제정한 휘장이라는 점에서 역사적인 의미를 갖는다. 해군 지휘관 휘장은 1971년 말에 이르면서 과도기적 문양으로 변경되었다. 당시 변경된 휘장은 앵커와 별, 무궁화와 무궁화 잎사귀를 특징으로 한다. 이 휘장의 근원은 창군기에 사관생도들이 앵커와 무궁화를 소재로 삼은 모표 문양과 1956년에 개정된 장교 모표에 새겨진 무궁화와 무궁화 잎사귀로부터 유래한다. 이 휘장이 갖는 역사적인 의미는 한국을 상징하는 무궁화와 무궁화 잎사귀를 문양으로 반영하여 해군 지휘관들의 국가 정체성을 명확히 드러낸 점에 있다. 해군 지휘관 휘장은 국방부 차원의 복제 개정이 추진되던 1974년에 이르면서 다시금 변화 되었다. 당시 개정된 휘장은 흑동색을 바탕으로 앵커와 태양, 월계수 잎사귀를 공통 문양으로 하되, 정중앙의 문양은 계층별로 상이하게 표현하였다. 참모총장 휘장에는 중앙에 별 4개가 새겨졌고, 장성급 지휘관에는 충무공 이순신과 조선 수군의 군령기를 상징하는 ‘영(令)’자 문양이 반영되었다. 영관급에는 충무공 이순신의 지휘채(등채)를 상징하는 문양이 새겨졌고, 위관급에는 교차된 지휘도가 반영되었다. 이 휘장은 해군 정체성을 충무공 이순신과 조선 수군으로부터 찾고 이를 계승하는 독창적인 문양으로 개정하였다는 점에서 의미를 갖는다. 한편 이 휘장은 1995년에 이르러 조화와 실용에 바탕한 문양으로 최종 개정되었다. 기존 문양과 동일하되 치수가 축소되었고, 색상은 중앙의 청색 칠보를 제외하고 금색으로 장식되었다. 이 시기에 최종적으로 확정된 지휘관 휘장은 오늘날에도 변함이 없는 가운데 한국 해군의 지휘권을 상징하는 문양으로 사용되어지고 있다. This article summarizes the transition of the ROK Navy commanding officers" “officer insignia” throughout history. The Navy"s first implementation of the officer insignia took place during mid-1964. The initially established insignia took the forms of crossed anchors, stars, and intertwined ropes. These designs originated in part from the cap devices of cadets and officers, which were in turn influenced by the US Navy. Despite being influenced by foreign designs, these designs have their own significance in being the very first officer insignia of the ROK Navy. By late 1971, the Naval officer insignia designs underwent changes befitting the Age of Transition. The modified insignia portrays anchors, stars, Mugunghwa, and Mugunghwa leaves. These designs originated from the cadet cap devices from the Time of the Military"s Foundation, as well as the Mugunghwa and Mugunghwa leaves of the officer cap devices established in 1956. These designs hold historical significance for elevating the ROK National Identity through the application of Mugunghwa, the primary symbol of Korea, as the main insignia. The Naval officer insignia was once again revised in 1974. The new insignia shared anchors, the sun, laurel leaves, and dark-bronze backgrounds as common designs, but the crests at the center were differentiated by rank. 4 starts were inscribed on the insignia for the Chief of Staff. The “Ryung” sign, representing Chungmugong Lee Sun Shin and the Chosun Navy"s military standard, symbolized Flag Officers. Insignia representing Chungmugong Lee Sun Shin"s command shaft and crossed parade swords respectively distinguished Senior and Junior Officers. These symbols are crucial in taking Chungmugong Lee Sun Shin and the Chosun Navy as the origins of the ROK Navy"s identity and in revising them into creative designs. Meanwhile, these insignia were redesigned for a final time in 1995 to a pattern based on harmony and practicality. The crest designs were kept the same, but the size was reduced. The insignia were colored entirely gold, except for the blue Cloisonné at the center. These revised insignias, which remain unchanged to this day, are used as designs symbolizing command authority in the ROK Navy.

한국 해군장교 정모휘장의 변천과 그 함의

신성재(Shin, Seong-Jae) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2015 군사 Vol.- No.94

This paper pertains to the process and implication of the transition of Republic of Korea Navy officer’s hat device insignia. This article will investigate the process of transition that lead to today’s design of the Navy officer"s hat device insignia as well as the implication of each change that was made to the design. Although various categories exist within the history of uniform regulations, the author chose to focus on the Navy officer’s hat insignia for a special reason. The author believes that an investigation of the transitional history of the hat device insignia will help us understand what tradition was succeeded by the Republic of Korea Navy. This will aid in the understanding of the historical background and characteristics of the formation of identity of the Korean Navy. In the process of examination of a record of the uniform regulation history published in late 2013, three distinctive features were found to be monumental in the history of transition of the Republic of Korea Navy officer’s hat device insignia. The first design was the insignia that was used during the liberation era and the founding era of the armed forces. The Navy anchor, Mugunghwa(Hisbiscus syriacus, national flower of the Republic of Korea), and the leaf of Mugunghwa appears on the insignia. This design harmoniously arranged a universal symbol for Navy as well as two unique symbols of the Republic of Korea. This has a historical meaning in symbolizing the birth of the Republic of Korea Navy. The second design was the insignia that was used during the Korean War. An eagle appears on the insignia, which was modeled after the insignia of the United States Navy. This shows the desire of Admiral Sohn, Won-il to build a Navy as powerful as the Navy of the United States. Unlike the previous insignia, this insignia shows features of the imitation the insignia in the United States Navy. The third design was newly adapted in the mid-1950s, which features the Turtle Ship at its core. This shows the identity of the Republic of Korea Navy as a Navy that inherits develops the naval tradition of Chungmugong Lee, Sun-shin. This brings much meaning to the insignia, in the sense that it establishes the history and tradition of the Navy as well as the origin of its identity. The unique design and the ideological tradition of the Navy officer’s hat device insignia that features the Turtle Ship at its center has remained unchanged for more than sixty years, deeply rooted as the symbol of the Republic of Korea Navy.

거인의 몰락

신성재(Shung Jae Shin),김양민(Yang Min Kim) 한국경영학회 2012 Korea Business Review Vol.16 No.3

GM은 2009년 6월 1일 파산신청을 하면서 역사상 최대의 파산이라는 불명예를 안게 되었다. 2008년의 금융위기가 파산의 직접적인 도화선이 되었으나, GM의 몰락은 그 훨씬 이전부터 진행되고 있었다. GM 몰락의 원인을 근본적으로 찾으려면 멀리는 1960년대의 치킨 관세부터 1970년대의 오일쇼크까지 거슬러 올라가야 할 것이다. 본 사례는 미국 최대이자, 20세기 최대의 자동차 기업이었던 GM의 현황을 설명하고 GM이 성장하고 몰락하는 과정을 고찰한다. GM은 1920년대 알프레드 슬론의 개혁으로 세계 제 1의 자리를 차지하였으나 1970년대 이후 연비가 떨어지는 대형차 위주의 생산라인과, 디자인 면에서 경쟁기업의 차종들보다 뒤떨어지는 차들로 인하여 위기를 맞이하게 된다. 이 과정에서 외부의 사건들인 치킨관세와 오일쇼크가 큰 역할을 하게 되는데 치킨 관세는 수입 경 트럭에게 부과되는 25%의 관세로서 미국의 경 트럭 시장을 보호하는 역할을 하여 미국 자동차회사들의 경 트럭 및 SUV의존도를 심화시켰고, 오일쇼크는 일본차들의 수입증대를 야기하였다. 일본 자동차들의 맹공으로 인하여 GM은 1985년 쉐보레 이래 67년 만에 새로운 자동차 회사 브랜드인 새턴을 선보이게 되지만 결국 GM은 과도한 인건비로 인한 누적적자로 2009년 파산을 신청하게 된다. 본 사례는 GM의 파산을 전략, 노사관계, 연구개발 및 신차 디자인, 경 트럭 및 SUV의존도, 경영진의 보상 등 다양한 관점에서 분석하였다. On June 1st, 2009, General Motors (hereafter GM) declared itself bankrupt, triggering the biggest bankruptcy in history. The direct cause of the bankruptcy was a global financial crisis in 2008. But we need to go back in time-probably to the Chicken tax in the 1960s and the oil crisis in the 1970s-- to find the real reasons for GM`s gradual collapse. The fall of GM is probably one of the most important events in business history of last 100 years. The purpose of this case is to describe the rise and decline of GM, once the biggest company of all in the world, and the biggest automaker during the period from the early 20th century to 2006, while focusing on a few historic events. Those events are Alfred Sloan`s revolution, the Chicken tax and the oil crises in the 1960s and 1970s, Saturn project, and collapse of GM after 2000. These events surprisingly well summarize the rise and declining process of GM. Two of those events, the Chicken tax and the oil crises occurred outside GM, while other events such as Sloan`s revolution and Saturn project occurred within the company. While these events occurred with significant intervals, they are somehow connected with each other. For example, the oil crises in the 1970s were an warning signal to GM that had made primarily fuel inefficient large sedans and trucks by that time, and Saturn project was a GM`s reaction to the warning signal. This study uses qualitative case methods, using numerous articles on GM, the autobiography and memoir of Alfred Sloan and Bob Lutz, and studies of such scholars as Alfred Chandler. After careful analyses, it is concluded that GM`s fail was due to many reasons, including organizational inertia, lack of service mind, and implementation of poorly formulated strategies.

한국 해군의 ‘근속 30년 휘장’ 제정사

신성재(Shin, Seong-Jae) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2021 한국민족문화 Vol.78 No.-

이 글은 장교와 부사관들이 명예의 상징으로 패용하는 근속 30년 휘장의 제정 과정에 대해 검토한 것이다. 해군이 근속 30년 휘장을 제정한 것은 1982년 8월이었다. 동년 9월 1일부터 패용하였고, 휘장은 제정 이래 변함없이 유지되고 있다. 해군이 휘장을 제정한 목적은 30년을 근속한 간부들의 헌신과 공적을 선양하기 위한 것이었다. 휘장을 구성한 문양 소재는 검30개, 5각형의 바탕, 앵커, 태극, 무궁화, 무궁화 잎사귀 등이었다. 근속 30년 휘장은 명예로운 해군 복무의 표상이었다. 국가를 위해 30년간 헌신한 명예로운 군 복무와 5대양을 향해 항진하는 해군을 상징적으로 표현한 것이었다. 근속 30년 휘장에는 육군이 사용하던 문양의 일부가 차용되기도 하였다. 검과 태극이 바로 그것이다. 그러나 앵커, 무궁화, 무궁화 잎사귀는 해군이 창설되던 시점부터 사용하던 고유한 문양이었다. 제정 즈음에 타군 휘장으로부터 받은 영향도 있지만, 창군기부터 사용해온 문양들이 독창적인 근속 30년 휘장의 출현에 근원이 되었다고 할 수 있다. This body of text explores the enactment process of the 30-year-service insignia officers and non-commissioned officers wear on their chests as an honorary symbol. The Navy pursued the enactment of the 30-year-service insignia in August of 1982. The insignia, officially worn since the first of September of the same year, has maintained its form and status as enacted. The intention of its enactment was to honor the dedication and contribution exhibited by officers who have served in the Navy for 30 continuous years. The insignia consists of such symbolic elements as 30 swords on a pentagonal background, an anchor with the national flag embedded in the center, a hibiscus flower, and a wreath. The 30-year-service insignia is a culminating manifestation of honorable service in the Navy. It represents the 30 years of commitment to the Republic of Korea and the endeavors of its naval forces to sail triumphantly toward the five oceans. The insignia has partially borrowed some of its elements from the symbols of the ROK Army. One example is the images of the swords and the national flag. In contrast, the anchor, the hibiscus flower, and the hibiscus wreath have been the Navy"s very own symbols since the foundation of the Navy. While there exist some remnants of what was drawn from external sources, it is submitted that the 30-year-service insignia has been primarily inspired by the unique symbols used since the advent of the Republic of Korea Navy.

국내 분리 흉막폐렴균의 _apxⅠA, ⅡA, ⅢA 유전자 Cloning, 염기서열 분석 및 단백질 발현

신성재(Sung Jae Shin),조영욱(Young Wook Cho),유한상(Han Sang Yoo) 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.2

후삼국 통일전쟁과 왕건의 해군력 운용

신성재(Shin, Seong-Jae) 순천향대학교 이순신연구소 2017 이순신연구논총 Vol.- No.28

이 글에서는 왕건이 후삼국 통일전쟁기에 수행한 해군 활동에 주 목하여 현대 해군이 규정하고 있는 해군력과 그 운용 개념을 적용하여 해석하고, 역사적인 교훈을 살펴보았다. 고려의 해군력을 구성하던 해 군 전략과 병력, 전함의 실체를 검토하고, 해양 통제, 군사력 투사, 해 군력 현시, 인도적 지원 등 현대적 개념을 적용하여 그 운용적인 특징을 정리하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론에 이르게 되었다. 우선 왕건은 903년 나주 진출 직후 해군력을 효과적으로 운용하기 위해 해군 전략을 수립하였다. 왕건이 수립한 해군 전략은 나주를 후백제의 배후를 위협하는 전략 거점으로 구축하고, 이를 발판으로 서 남해상에 대한 해상권을 장악해가면서 후삼국을 통일하자는 방략이었다. 왕건은 이를 실현하기 위해 최대 3천명 수준의 해군 병력과 100여 척에 달하는 전함을 확보하였다. 왕건은 이렇게 확보한 해군력을 바탕으로 본격적인 해군 활동을 전개하였다. 왕건은 나주와 압해도, 진도, 고이도를 연결하는 서남해역을 핵심 해역으로 설정한 다음 해양 통제를 적극적으로 실시하였다. 이에 따라 왕건은 견훤의 외교활동을 통제하는 한편, 독자적인 해상세력을 포섭 할 수 있게 되었다. 핵심 해역에 대한 해양 통제는 후백제왕 견훤의 망명과 전쟁 재원 확보라는 정치·경제·군사적인 파급 효과를 가져오게 하였다. 왕건은 해상으로부터의 해군력 투사도 성공적으로 수행하였다. 나주, 진도, 고이도, 진주 지방은 해군력이 투사된 주요 공간이었다. 왕건은 이 지역들을 확보함으로써 서남해역에 대한 해상권을 장악할 수 있게 되었다. 왕건은 해군력을 현시하기 위한 해군 활동도 수행하였다. 해 군력의 위용을 드러내어 고이도의 항복을 받아냈고, 서남해역에서 준동 하던 해상세력을 제압하기도 하였다. 왕건은 인도적 차원의 지원 활동도 전개하였다. 남방의 지역민들을 대상으로 한 구휼 활동은 이를 잘 보여준다. 해군력에 기반한 인도적 지원에 따라 서남해의 지방사회와 지역민들은 왕건과 고려를 든든히 지지하는 입장을 견지하게 되었다. 요컨대 효과적인 해군전략의 수립과 실천, 이를 실현하기 위해 확보한 해군 병력과 전함을 근간으로 하는 해군력에 기반하여 왕건은 견훤과의 대결 구도에서 승리하고 후삼국을 통일하는 국가적 목표를 달성할 수 있게 되었다. This article interprets Wang Kon’s naval activities during the unification war in the Later Three Kingdoms Period through the notions of naval power and its management as modern navy stipulates, drawing historical lessons. It examines the nature of naval strategy, manpower, and warships that constituted Koryo’s naval power. It also distinguishes features of the Koryo navy’s management practice by applying such modern notions as maritime control, power projection, power presence, and humanitarian assistance. The conclusion is as follows. First, Wang Kon founded a naval strategy in order to effectively manage the naval power. The strategy was to secure Naju as a foothold to threaten the rear of Later Paekche and to rule the southwestern sea ultimately for the unification of the Later Three Kingdoms. To this end, Wang Kon prepared maximum 3,000 naval manpower and one hundred of warships. Based on this naval power, he conducted full-scale naval activities. Having established the core waters in the southwestern sea that linked Aphae-do, Chin-do, and Koi-do islands, Wang Kon aggressively enforced maritime control. Thereby he could control Kyon Hwon’s diplomatic activities on one hand and embrace independent naval powers on the other. The maritime control in the core waters also led to political, economic, and military ripple effects such as the exile of Kyon Hwon, the king of Later Paekche, and securement of finance for the war. Wang Kon successfully projected his naval power as well. Those regions where he projected the naval power included Naju, Chin-do, Koi-do, and Chinju. By securing these regions, he could rule the southwestern sea. He also used the naval power for power presence. By presenting the naval power, he induced the surrender of Koi-do and dominated the sea powers active on the southwestern sea. He conducted humanitarian assistance activities too as exemplified in his relief works for people in southern region. The humanitarian assistance based on the naval power led societies in the southwestern sea region and people therein to support Wang Kon and Koryo. In sum, on the basis of establishing and practicing an effective naval strategy and of the naval power founded upon the naval manpower and warships prepared to realize the strategy, Wang Kon could win a victory in the confrontation with Kyon Hwon and achieve the national goal to unify the Later Three Kingdoms.

궁예와 왕건과 나주

신성재(Shin Seong-Jae) 한국사연구회 2010 한국사연구 Vol.151 No.-

It was a widely-held view until now that Wang Kun had the leading role, with Gungye and Taebong regime as its supporting role, in terms of understanding the naval activities of Naju. However, after reinterpreting the related materials, it seems that Naju operation was planned and executed as a military and strategic reflection under the comprehensive political framework of Taebong regime. It is inferred that the operation was predominantly carried out by two central figures. Gungye acted as the ultimate decision-maker, and Wang Kun has set up strategies and took charge of military activities. New perspective can also be introduced in respect to the general theory that Naju domination was possible on the basis of solidarity between Wang Kun and the powerful families of Naju. Formerly it was believed that Taebong conquest of Naju was done peacefully with the cooperation of powerful clans, but the fact is that they surrendered as a result of several military campaigns of Gungye's kingdom. Especially, the victory of Taebong navy at the sea-battle of Dukjinpo in 912 served as its decisive momentum. In short, it can be said that Naju submission was generated through the military operation of Taebong navy, and that solidarity with Wang Kun also was gradually formulated as a product of Taebong's constant expeditions. Moreover, it is understood that as Taebong strived to mobilize its navy to conquer and dominate sea power, Naju eventually became a region of Taebong and soon emerged as the strategic headquarter of unification wars.

손원일 제독의 해군건설과 수군전통 계승활동

신성재(Shin, Seong Jae) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2014 군사 Vol.- No.91